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Health

Genitourinary and reproductive systems

Ovarian appendages

Near each ovary there is a rudimentary formation - an ovarian appendage, a parovarian appendage (an appendage of the appendage), vesicular appendages, and the remains of the tubules of the primary kidney and its duct.

Ovary

The ovary (ovarium; Greek oophoron) is a paired organ, a female sex gland, located in the pelvic cavity behind the broad ligament of the uterus. In the ovaries, female sex cells (eggs) develop and mature, and female sex hormones are formed that enter the blood and lymph.

Eggs and ovogenesis

Unlike male reproductive cells, egg cells multiply, their number increases in embryos, female fetuses, i.e. when the fetus is still in the mother's womb. In this case, so-called primordial follicles are formed, located in the deep layers of the ovarian cortex. Each such primordial follicle contains a young female reproductive cell - oogonia, surrounded by one layer of follicular cells.

Female genitalia

The female genital organs include the ovaries and their appendages, the uterus and fallopian tubes, the vagina, as well as the clitoris and female genital area. According to their position, the female genital organs are divided into internal and external.

Development of the genitourinary organs

Development of the urinary bladder. The formation of the urinary bladder in a 7-week embryo is associated with the transformation of the cloaca, allantois (urinary sac) and caudal sections of the ducts of the primary kidney.

Genitourinary apparatus in ontogeny

The urinary and reproductive systems are interconnected in their development. In humans, the reproductive organs are later formed from the embryonic structures of some organs that are formed as urinary organs.

Variants and anomalies of the genitourinary organs

Among the disorders of kidney development, there are anomalies caused by quantity. There is an additional kidney, which is formed on one side and lies below the normal kidney.

The spermatic cord

The spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus) is formed during the descent of the testicle. It is a round cord 15-20 cm long, extending from the deep inguinal ring to the upper end of the testicle.

Scrotum

The scrotum is a protrusion of the anterior abdominal wall that has two separate chambers for the male sex glands. The scrotum is located below and behind the root of the penis.

Penis

The penis serves to remove urine from the bladder and to release semen into the female genital tract. The penis consists of a free anterior part - the body (corpus penis), which ends with the head (glans penis), which has a slit-like external opening of the male urethra (ostium urethrae externum) at its apex.

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