Allergy tablets that do not cause drowsiness

The modern pharmaceutical market offers a huge selection of drugs from allergies. Conventionally, three generations of tablets can be distinguished, which differ not only in their appearance time, but also in their effect on the central nervous system and side effects.

Preparations of the first generation have a relatively low cost, help cope with various manifestations of allergy, but also cause a number of adverse reactions, in particular, decreased reaction, drowsiness, visual impairment, constipation, etc.

Preparations of the second generation are slightly more expensive, but not so much affect the nervous system. The principle of the action of tablets from the second generation allergy is based on the blocking of H1 receptors (other receptors are not affected), in addition, these drugs act faster and longer, in comparison with the previous-generation tablets.

Before taking the tablets, it is recommended to consult a doctor, since each drug has its own drawbacks, in particular, tablets from the second generation allergy, although they do not cause drowsiness and other side effects, can affect the heart rhythm (Eden, Erius, Fenistil, Claritin, etc.) .

Preparations of the third generation contain an active substance (for example, tablets of the second generation in the body break up into a radical and an active substance, and therefore, their action does not begin immediately), cause a minimum of adverse reactions. The main disadvantages of such tablets include high cost and a small selection of drugs. Before taking it is necessary to consult with a specialist, since each drug contains a different active substance and the expediency of taking this or that tool will help to determine only the doctor after a preliminary examination.

Tablets from allergies that do not cause drowsiness of the third generation are used in various conditions, for example, Telfast is indicated in severe cases (Quincke's edema), and Xizal refers to drugs with a wide spectrum of action and is prescribed for different types of allergy.

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Indications for use

Allergy tablets are prescribed for the treatment and prevention of allergic rhinitis, medication, seasonal, food allergies, dermatoses, neurogenic allergic diseases (neurodermatitis).

Allergy-free tablets that do not cause drowsiness are usually prescribed for seasonal allergic reactions, since such drugs do not affect the lifestyle of a person, have fewer adverse reactions and effectively reduce allergic manifestations (rash, itching, lachrymation, runny nose, etc.).

Form of issue

Tablets from allergies that do not cause drowsiness are released as tablets, syrups, suspension and solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection (injections are usually used during hospital treatment or in severe cases).

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Pharmacodynamics

Preparations against allergies are divided into three groups: antihistamines, stabilizers of mast cell membranes, corticosteroids.

Antihistamines suppress the production of a substance that appears in the blood under the influence of allergens (irritants) and causes unpleasant symptoms (itching, redness, swelling, etc.).

Preparations of the first generation (Diphenhydramine, Tavegil, Diazolin) are also capable of influencing the functioning of histamine receptors, as a result of which side reactions such as drowsiness may occur.

Allergy-free tablets that do not cause drowsiness belong to second and third generation drugs, they do not affect receptors, have fewer adverse reactions and should be taken once a day, unlike first-generation drugs.

Stabilizers of membranes of mast cells are appointed with prolonged allergic reactions - eczema, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis. The principle of action of such drugs is based on the destruction of the membrane of a certain type of leukocytes - basophils. As a result, during the arrival of the allergen in the body, a substance that causes allergy symptoms is not produced.

Corticosteroids are hormonal agents and represent an analogue of hormones produced by the adrenal glands. Such drugs have a powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect and are prescribed in especially severe cases.

The main disadvantage of such drugs is a large number of adverse reactions.

Pharmacokinetics

Tablets from allergies that do not cause drowsiness belong to the second and third generation of drugs from this disease.

Means of the second generation (Loratadine, Claritin, Fenistil, Kestin) are not addictive, the effect after taking one tablet persists for a long time, so you can take a smaller amount of the drug.

Most of the drugs in this group have an effect on the heart rhythm, after taking a decrease in the production of a substance that causes unpleasant allergy symptoms.

Means of the third generation (Telfast, Cetirizine, Zodak, Fexofenadine, Cetrin, Erius) act exclusively on receptors prone to the action of allergens without affecting other tissues, and therefore, such drugs have virtually no adverse reactions.

To date, these drugs are the safest, do not cause drowsiness, do not affect the cardiovascular system, attention, rapid response and coordination of vdizheny, in addition, due to their persistent effect they can be taken several times a week.

The half-life is between 3 and 30 hours, depending on the active substance and mechanism of action, most of it is excreted in the urine.

Dosing and Administration

Usually, these medications are taken one at a time. Tablets should be taken at the same time, not chewed.

Use during pregnancy

During pregnancy, almost all drugs for allergies are contraindicated. The decision on the need to take tablets against allergies should only be taken by a specialist taking into account the condition of the woman and the course of pregnancy.

Most tablets cause a reduction in smooth muscles, which increases the likelihood of spontaneous miscarriage, and possibly a negative effect on the fetus (stop weight gain, developmental pathology, etc.).

Tablets from allergies that do not cause drowsiness and are resolved during pregnancy: loratadine, cetrin.

These drugs belong to the second generation of antihistamines and are taken one tablet a day.

Contraindications for use

Tablets from allergies that do not cause drowsiness of the second and third generation (Cetrin, Loratadin, Fenistil, Zirtek, Erius, Zodak, etc.) can not be taken with increased sensitivity to the main component of the drug, pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as with kidney failure.

For children under two years of age, they usually use drugs in the form of syrups or suspensions.

Side effects

Allergy tablets that do not cause drowsiness can provoke dry mouth, headaches, discomfort in the digestive system, increased gas production, vomiting (in rare cases).

Overdose

Tablets from allergies that do not cause drowsiness in a higher dosage can cause an increase in adverse reactions (headaches, vomiting, indigestion), and also affect the heart rate.

Interactions with other drugs

Tablets from allergies that do not cause drowsiness during clinical trials have practically not shown significant interactions with other medicinal products.

With the simultaneous administration of loratadine or its analogues (active ingredient loratadine) with erythromycin, ketoconazole, cimetidine, an increase in loratadine in the blood is observed.

Cetirizine and analogues (Zirtek, Zodak, Cetrin, Allertec, and others) are cautiously prescribed concomitantly with sedatives.

Storage conditions

Tablets from allergies that do not cause drowsiness should be stored in a dry dark place, away from small children. Storage temperature should not exceed 300C.

Shelf life

These drugs are suitable for 2 to 5 years (depending on the drug).

Tablets from allergies that do not cause drowsiness refer to the latest antihistamines, which rarely cause side effects. The advantage of these drugs is that they begin to act fairly quickly (15-20 minutes after administration) and the effect of one pill is saved 24 hours, i.e. You need to take only once a day.