Sprays from nasal congestion

Nasal congestion appears due to inflammation of the epithelium of the nasal mucosa of various etiologies and increased permeability of the blood vessels that are there. Usually this is not an isolated disease, but one of the symptoms of such diseases as allergies, colds, SARS or influenza. To improve their condition, many people use sprays from nasal congestion.

[1], [2], [3]

Indications for use

The main indications for the use of drugs that help cope with nasal congestion (in the form of a spray) are the following diseases:

1. Runny nose with cold or flu.
2. Sinusitis (diseases of the nasal sinuses, including sinusitis).
3. Vasomotor and allergic rhinitis.

When using such drugs, their main components act on adrenaline receptors located on the mucosa of the nasal cavity. This leads to a narrowing of the vessels, a decrease in nasal congestion, it becomes easier for the patient to breathe.

It is important to follow the recommended dosage of the drug, otherwise after stopping the intake of the swelling of the nasal mucosa may even increase.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Consider the pharmacodynamics of sprays from nasal congestion on the example of the popular drug "Rinonorm."

This drug is an alpha-adrenomimetic, which is used topically to treat nasal congestion. The main substance that is part of the spray, xylometazoline, helps to narrow the arterioles and capillaries, which reduces the swelling of the nasal passages of the mucosa. Also reduces the amount of mucus secreted.

Almost immediately after the application, the patient feels relief. It lasts six to eight hours, after which it is necessary to inject the spray again. During this time, there is a restoration of patency in the nostrils, eustachian tubes and sinuses. After such a patient feels much better, the possibility of complications decreases.

Consider the pharmacokinetics of sprays from nasal congestion with the example of the popular drug "Rinonorm".

Xylometazoline with local use is almost not absorbed into the body. In the blood plasma are not visible large amounts of this substance, so analytically they can not be determined.

Names of sprays from nasal congestion

To cure a common cold you usually use sprays, which you can buy at the pharmacy without a doctor's prescription. If from different names of drugs your eyes run out, we recommend that you pay attention to the following features.

First of all, all sprays from nasal congestion can be divided into several separate categories (by composition and direction of action).

The most popular sprays today are vasoconstrictive drugs, which usually contain the substance decongestant. This allows you to suspend for a while symptoms of the disease, improve breathing and excretion of mucus. This also stops sneezing.

There are several drugs that contain a decongestant:

1. With xylo formazoline :

Rinonorm. Contains the active substance xyloenzorazoline hydrochloride, which helps reduce flushing, swelling and the amount of mucus secreted.

Rhinonorm 0.1% is used three times a day in each nostril (one push on the piston). In this case, you can not use the drug more than seven times a day (between receptions should take at least four hours). Before you enter the product, you need to clean the nostrils.

Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding, dry rhinitis, early age (up to 2 years), intolerance to xylo formazoline, closed-angle glaucoma.

Adverse reactions are rare, but nevertheless it is necessary to beware of such symptoms as: headache, irritations of the mucous membrane, arrhythmia, nausea, skin rash.

Tizin Xylo Bio. It is also based on the action of xyloenzene hydrochloride. It is used three times a day for one dose in each nasal passage. But the dosage may vary depending on the severity of the patient's condition.

If the patient has chronic rhinitis, then the remedy is used only under the strict supervision of a specialist. Clinical studies of the effect of the drug on the fetus were not conducted, therefore during pregnancy it is prohibited to apply it.

Contraindications: thyrotoxicosis, some types of rhinitis, including, atrophic, cardiovascular diseases, early age (up to 2 years), allergy to drug components. Side effects from the use of the drug: a burning sensation that appears before sneezing, insomnia, headache, depression, tachycardia.

Ximelin. It can be used from two years (once or twice a day) one injection per pass. Adults are prescribed thrice a day. Dosage can be increased. It is applied no longer than a week.

Contraindicated: during pregnancy, during lactation (sometimes under the supervision of a specialist is still appointed), with such diseases as: tachycardia, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, atrophic rhinitis.

With frequent or prolonged use, side effects may occur: dryness in the nasal passages, sneezing, burning, vomiting, headache, migraine attacks, disturbed sleep rhythm and insomnia, depression.

2. With oxymetazoline:

Nazol. Intranasally inject two to three injections into each nostril twice a day (adults and children from twelve years old). Dosage for children from six to twelve is slightly less: one injection twice a day. The duration of therapy is not more than three days. In case of an overdose, breathing may become more difficult, and swelling may appear. If you notice these symptoms, you should immediately stop treatment.

Contraindications: the period of bearing, breastfeeding, children under seven, atrophic rhinitis, individual intolerance. Among the side effects sometimes a burning sensation and dryness in the nasal cavity, reactive edema, headache and migraine attacks, nausea and vomiting, vertigo, a disturbance in the rhythm of sleep and insomnia.

Nazivin. The dosage of the drug is as follows: children from one to six years can do one or two injections of the drug (0.025%) twice-thrice a day. Adults prescribe one or two injections of the drug (0.05%) twice-thrice a day. The peculiarity of this remedy is the fact that it can be used to treat infants.

Contraindications: pregnancy and breastfeeding (can be used only in very rare cases), a closed-angle view of glaucoma, some types of rhinitis, including atrophic, intolerance to oxymetazoline. Side effects: burning sensation of the nasal mucosa, which can cause sneezing, fatigue, unreasonable anxiety, nausea and vomiting, migraine and headaches.

3. With naphazolin:

Naphthysine. Dosage is completely individual, it depends on the complexity of the course of the disease, and also on the species. During pregnancy and during breastfeeding, the spray from nasal congestion can be prescribed only in extreme cases and applied only under the supervision of a specialist.

Contraindications: children under one year old, hyperthyroidism, arterial hypertension, chronic atrophic rhinitis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, eye diseases. Side effects: irritation, swelling, the appearance of atrophic rhinitis, tachycardia, nausea and headaches.

4. Homeopathic sprays from nasal congestion:

Euphorbium Compositum. Complex homeopathic preparation, which is based on the action of mineral and plant substances. Has anti-allergic, reparative, anti-inflammatory effect. Due to the composition of the drug, it is easy to stabilize the metabolic processes in the nasal cavity.

Spray the drug directly into the nasal passages (one dose) three to five times a day. A special feature of the drug is the fact that it can be used to treat children from one year. Can not be used when components are intolerant. Side effects of the drug are rare. Sometimes the patient may feel itching or burning.

Spray from nasal congestion in children

To treat nasal congestion in young children, it is necessary to use safe preparations with sea salt.

Aquamaris. The composition of this drug includes sea water with natural microelements from the Atlantic Ocean. That is why Aquamaris can be prescribed from the first day of life to treat nasal congestion. Dosage in newborns is as follows: two injections into each nasal passage four times a day. Adults can use the drug up to eight times a day.

Contraindications: intolerance of components. Side effects are almost not manifested, although sometimes there may be dryness in the nostrils and burning.

The way of using nasal congestion sprays

1. Before using any spray from nasal congestion, you need to thoroughly clean the nostrils.
2. Pinch one nostril and then start spraying the drug into another.
3. During the injection, take a shallow breath.
4. To treat babies you can use only children's sprays.
5. If the disease has a chronic form or during pregnancy, you should carefully use vasoconstrictor and hormonal drugs.
6. After the spray has got into your nose, try not to blow your nose and sneeze.

Use of nasal congestion sprays during pregnancy

Almost all sprays that are prescribed for the treatment of the common cold are contraindicated in pregnancy, since they have a vasoconstrictive effect. The decision on what drugs can be used to treat nasal congestion can only be taken by a qualified specialist. The best option for a pregnant woman are sprays based on sea water (Aquamaris, Salin).

Many doctors recommend turning their attention to homeopathic remedies, which are based on herbal natural ingredients. To such concerns, for example, Euphorbium compositum.

Completely contraindicated for pregnant women are considered sprays based on oxymetazoline (Nazol, Nazivin).

Contraindications and side effects

Even common and common for each of us sprays can have contraindications and unpleasant side effects. It is worth taking seriously the health of your body and carefully read the instructions for the sprays. Some components that make up such preparations can cause allergies. Sprays can have such contraindications:

1. Cardiovascular diseases.
2. Diabetes.
3. Hyperplasia.
4. Problems with the endocrine system.
5. Arterial hypertension of varying severity.
6. BPH.

The most frequent side effects can be: dryness in the nasal passages, allergy, irritation, heart rhythm disturbances, high blood pressure, headaches, insomnia, nausea.

[4], [5], [6], [7]

Overdose and interactions with other drugs

Cases of an overdose of sprays from nasal congestion are quite rare. They occur mainly in childhood. In case of an overdose, arrhythmia and an increase in blood pressure may occur, which leads to loss of consciousness. To reduce the intensity of these symptoms, therapy is performed under the supervision of a doctor.

The effect of drugs with xylometazoline can be enhanced with simultaneous use of tetracyclic antidepressants. With MAO inhibitors, blood pressure may increase.

Storage conditions and shelf life

Spray from nasal congestion should be stored in a place inaccessible to children at a low temperature (not above +25 degrees).

After you open the bottle, the spray can be stored for no longer than one year. With the bottle closed, the expiration date is three years.

Effective sprays from a cold and nasal congestion

What spray from the common cold and nasal congestion is the most effective to solve only you. The fact is that the same drug can help in one case and not bring a positive result in another. Today, the most effective sprays are: Nazivin, Aquamaris, Nazol, Tysin, Rhinonorm.

[8], [9]