List Diagnostics – E
When performing endoscopy of the esophagus in the cervical region of the esophagus, the longitudinal folds of the mucous membrane touch their apices. Fold the folds and inspect the mucous membrane of this department is possible only with intensive air injection, it is difficult to achieve full wrinkle expansion. At the time when the esophagus easily disappeared under the action of air, we can say that the end of the endoscope reached the thoracic part of the esophagus.
Inspection (endoscopy) of ENT organs is the main method in assessing their condition. For a more effective implementation of this procedure, a number of general rules should be observed.
Endoscopic treatment of peptic ulcer is used as an addition to the ongoing drug therapy for poorly treatable ulcers.
Two-stage polypectomy is also used for multiple polyps. With a successful operation and a good state of patients, one can strive for one-step cutting and extraction of all polyps (up to 7-10). But if the patients do not tolerate the introduction of the endoscope, 3-5 polyps can be removed, and after 2-3 days repeat the operation.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a combination of endoscopy (for detection and cannulation of the ampoule of the Fater's nipple) and X-ray examination after the introduction of a contrast agent into the bile and pancreatic ducts.
Endoprosthetics of the joints are considered one of the most effective methods of surgical treatment of patients with rheumatological diseases. This operation has become an integral part of restorative treatment of patients with rheumatic pathology and musculoskeletal injuries, since it not only allows to stop pain syndrome, but also returns functional activity, improves the quality of life.
The study of the endometrium is based on the appearance of characteristic changes in the mucosa under the influence of steroid hormones of the ovary. Estrogens cause proliferation, and progesterone - secretory transformation.
Electroretinography is a method for recording the total bioelectrical activity of all retinal neurons: negative a-wave - photoreceptors and positive b-wave - hyper- and depolarizing bipolar and Mueller cells.
Electrooculography - registration of the permanent potential of the eye with the help of skin electrodes applied to the area of the outer and inner margins of the lower eyelid.
Electroneuromyography is performed for the purpose of topical diagnosis and evaluation of the lesions of various departments of the peripheral neuromotor apparatus and determining the effectiveness of the current therapy for neuroinfections.
Electromyography, as defined by the International Society for Urine Retention. - registration of the bioelectrical potential of the muscle. In the urodynamic study, EMG is used to record the activity of striated pelvic floor muscles: pubic-coccygeal muscle (M. Pubococcygeus), muscle lifting the anus (m.levator ani), anal sphincter (rabdosphincter).
Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical waves characterized by a certain rhythm. When analyzing the EEG, attention is paid to the basal rhythm, symmetry of brain electrical activity, spike activity, response to functional tests. The diagnosis is based on the clinical picture.
The use of electroconvulsive therapy (synonyms - electroconvulsive therapy, electroshock therapy) for the treatment of mental disorders has a nearly 70-year history.
Electrocardiography is a study that remains out of the competition for its clinical significance. It is usually performed in dynamics and is an important indicator of the state of the heart muscle.
The method of elastometry of the liver makes it possible to assess the presence of fibrosis by generating vibrational pulses and, judging by the results of computer analysis, to judge the changes in the elastic properties and rates of progression of fibrosis.
Currently, echography is the leading method of obstetrics research. The use of modern equipment allows you to determine the pregnancy already at 4.5 weeks (counting from the 1st day of the last menstruation).
Echoencephaloscopy (Echo, synonym - M method) is a method for detecting intracranial pathology based on the echolocation of the so-called sagittal structures of the brain, normally occupying a middle position with respect to the temporal bones of the skull. When a graphic recording of the reflected signals is made, the study is called echoencephalography.
Echocardiography is the most important technique in the diagnosis of various structural and / or functional changes in the heart. Echocardiography accurately displays the anatomical details, it is possible to measure the structure of the heart, and their movements are clearly traced throughout the heart cycle.
ECG in children is important for the diagnosis of heart damage. The technique of ECG removal, the system of leads and the theoretical basis of the method are common for all age groups.
The cartilage of the auricle develops from six tubercles. If its parts do not merge densely with each other, fistulas (usually a small fistula in front of the goat) or additional ears (cartilaginous bodies located between the corner of the mouth and the goat) can form.