Monural Cystitis

A popular antibiotic for treating cystitis and urinary system infections is Monural. Consider the features of its use, the mechanism of action, analogues.

Cystitis or inflammation of the bladder mucosa is one of the most common diseases of the urinary system. It has several types and forms. Most often, patients are diagnosed with an infectious, bacterial form.

Features of the disease:

1. Because of the anatomical structure of the urogenital system, women most often encounter cystitis, men are much less likely.
2. Inflammation develops due to a violation of the vaginal microflora, infection, due to non-compliance with personal hygiene, endocrine pathologies, overcooling of the body or as a complication of other diseases.
3. Without timely diagnosis and proper treatment, the pathology becomes chronic, manifested by frequent relapses and increasing painful symptoms.

Very often, antimicrobial agents of systemic use are used for treatment. This pharmacological group includes Monural. It is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent with an active component - fosfomycin.

Phosphomycin is a phosphonic acid derivative, a structural analogue of phosphoenol pyruvate. Shows bactericidal action against such microorganisms:

• Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
• Gram-negative bacteria: Citrobacter spp., Essherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia spp.

The active component of monural inhibits the first stage of membrane synthesis of microbial walls, which leads to their death. The drug belongs to the prescription, so it is available only on medical prescription.

Treatment of cystitis with monural

Treatment of inflammation of the bladder directly depends on the cause of the disease, its stage, the nature of the course. The main objective of therapy is the destruction of pathogens. Rational and reasonable use of antibiotics can completely cure the chronic form of the disease in 1-2 weeks, and stop the acute symptoms in a couple of days.

In the treatment of acute lower urinary tract infections, Monural is administered only once. One sachet of the drug is enough to relieve painful symptoms and defeat the infection.

The high efficacy of the drug is based on its pharmacological properties:

• Bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect against gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms.
• Rapid absorption after ingestion. The long half-life provides a high concentration of the drug in the urine for 48-72 hours. The maximum concentration is observed 3-4 hours after taking a single dose of 3 g.
• Anti-adhesive effect - after 72 hours after a single dose of medication, the concentration of fosfomycin in urine exceeds the inhibitory concentration of pathogens 16 times. Due to this, bacteria cannot invade the walls of the bladder and exert their pathogenic effect.
• The antibiotic creates high concentrations in the urine and is 95% eliminated with urine unchanged. The high efficacy of monural when taken once allows you to prevent the emergence of resistant forms of bacteria.

Monural cystitis refers to the first-line drugs for the treatment of acute inflammation. It is approved for use during pregnancy and lactation, as well as for the prevention of infectious complications after diagnostic and surgical interventions on the organs of the genitourinary system.

Indications Monular

Monural is indicated for use in such cases:

• Acute form of bacterial cystitis.
• Recurrent bacterial cystitis.
• Nonspecific bacterial urethritis.
• Massive asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy.
• Infections of the urinary system of bacterial etiology in the postoperative period and after diagnostic transurethral interventions.

The drug is approved for use in men, women and children over 12 years. The drug should be taken for medical purposes and after passing the diagnosis to determine the pathogen.

Monural with hemorrhagic cystitis

One form of bladder inflammation is hemorrhagic cystitis. The main symptom of the disease is the discharge of blood and blood clots during urination. Pathology develops due to the destruction of the mucous membrane of the bladder with a high permeability of its blood vessels. In most cases, mucosal lesions are associated with the action of pathogens or chemicals.

The treatment of this form of lesion of the lower urinary tract begins with a complete diagnosis. Subsequently, the patient is placed a catheter into the bladder, which ensures the normal flow of urine and prevents the formation of blood clots. At the next stage, the patient is prescribed antibacterial and antimicrobial agents.

Monural received wide popularity in the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis. The drug has a strong effect against a wide range of infections. The drug is taken once. This dosage is quite enough to relieve the acute symptoms and destroy the bacteria. In addition to taking antibiotics to speed up recovery, bed rest, heavy drinking and therapeutic diet are shown. In severe cases, when there is severe blood loss, hemostatic drugs are prescribed to patients.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]

Monural radiation cystitis

Radiation cystitis is a side effect of radiation therapy when treating tumors of the pelvic organs. According to medical statistics, about 20% of patients who have undergone a course of radiation are confronted with a radiation form of inflammation of the bladder. The disease develops due to damage to the cells of the mucous membrane of the organ. Because of this, ulcers and cracks are formed, which are penetrated by pathogens.

Monural has a wide spectrum of action, so it can be prescribed for radiation cystitis. The dosage of the drug and the duration of its use are determined by the attending physician. Evaluation of the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy is noted 72 hours after the start of treatment.

Release form

Monural is available in the form of granules / powder for the preparation of oral solution. Granules have white color and aroma of mandarin. Each bag of the drug contains the following components: phosphomycin trometamol 3 g, sucrose, flavoring, saccharin. An antibiotic is available on medical prescription.

Powder

One form of monural release is a powder for preparing a suspension for oral administration. The powder is packaged in bags of 8 g of which 3 g is the active component of fosfomycin trometamol. For children over 12 years old, Monural is released in 2 g sachets, which are also taken once, diluted in 1/3 cup of warm water.

For adult patients, 1 sachet per day is prescribed. In the acute course of the disease, a single dose of the drug is sufficient. If the inflammation occurs in a chronic form, the treatment is long and is adjusted by the attending physician. The drug is recommended to use a couple of hours before meals or 2-3 hours after emptying the bladder.

[9], [10]

Pills

Monural has two forms of release - it is powder and granules for the preparation of oral solution. The drug is not available in pill form. To combat acute inflammation in the bladder, a single antibiotic is indicated.

Granules

Another form of antibacterial release with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action is the granules for the preparation of the solution. The granules have a white color with a characteristic smell of tangerine flavor. The drug is packaged in a sachet with the active ingredient fosfomycin 3g. For children produce bags of 2 g.

The contents of the package is dissolved in 1/3 glass of water and taken once a day. If the cystitis has just begun and is acute, then a single dose of the drug is sufficient. In other cases, medical advice is required.

Pharmacodynamics

Antibacterial agent has a broad spectrum of action against most strains of pathogens of urinary tract infections. Monural is effective in gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus) and Gram-negative (Citrobacter spp., Essherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterob-ae-ae-ae-ae-de ae-ae-ae-ae-ae-ae-ae-ae-ae, ae-ape, affec-ae, an ape. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia spp.) Microorganisms.

The active ingredient acts on strains resistant to other antibacterial drugs. It has an anti-adhesive effect on bacteria, preventing their adhesion to the urinary tract epithelium.

How does monural act in cystitis?

Antibacterial drug has antibacterial properties. It is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Its mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of the first stage of the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. The active component of monural is a structural analogue of phosphoenol pyruvate, it enters into a competitive interaction with the enzyme N-acetyl-glucosamino-3-o-enolpyruvil-transferase.

Due to this, selective and irreversible suppression of this enzyme occurs. This ensures the absence of cross-resistance with other antibiotics. The active ingredient reduces the adhesion of pathogens to the epithelium of the urinary tract.

[11], [12], [13]

How much does cystitis go through with monural?

After oral administration, the active components of monural penetrate the gastrointestinal tract, creating high concentrations in the renal tissue and urine. Fosfomycin enters the fight against pathogenic microflora two hours after application and maintains its activity for 72 hours.

With a single use of the drug, its bioavailability is 35-65%. A standard dosage of 3 g of fosfomycin provides the highest degree of bactericidal action against urinary tract infection. Monural prevents the growth of microbes and is completely excreted from the body along with urine.

Based on this, it is possible to get rid of the symptoms of acute cystitis in less than 80 hours. Chronic and recurrent forms of the disease require prolonged therapy.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, fosfomycin is rapidly absorbed from the intestines. The maximum plasma concentration is observed after 2.5-3 hours. The half-life is 2 hours. Thanks to glomerular filtration, about 90% of the drug components are excreted by the kidneys in an unchanged and biological form. The remaining 10% is excreted in the feces.

Fosfomycin accumulates in the kidney tissue. With the help of enterohepatic circulation, the drug maintains the active level of the active component for 48-72 hours. During this period of time sterilization of urine and etiological recovery takes place.

[14], [15], [16], [17], [18]

Dosing and administration

Monural is intended for oral administration. To prepare the solution, the contents of the sachet are dissolved in 1/3 cup of warm water and taken 1 time per day, 1-2 hours after the last meal and emptying of the bladder.

Adult patients are prescribed 3 g once, the duration of treatment is 1 day. With recurrent bacterial infections, repeated administration of the drug is possible.

If the drug is used as a preventive measure before operative or diagnostic manipulations, then the medication is drunk 3 hours before the planned procedure. Re-admission is carried out after 24 hours. The dosage for children is determined by the attending physician.

If the inflammation of the bladder occurs in an acute form, then to alleviate its painful symptoms and destroy the pathogenic flora, one-time administration of the drug Monural is sufficient. 1 antibacterial sachet quickly cope with the infection and speed up the healing process.

How to take monural with chronic cystitis?

At the first signs of exacerbation of cystitis, it is necessary to take Monural. Timely therapy will prevent the further development of chronic inflammation. The medicine is taken once - 1 sachet per 1/3 cup of water.

As soon as the disease state returns to normal, tests for the presence of chronic infections should be done and consult with your doctor regarding the recurrence of cystitis and methods for their prevention.

How to take monural with acute cystitis?

Since the antibacterial agent is produced in the form of granules and powder for solution preparation, Monural is used only orally. The contents of the bag of granules / powder is diluted in 1/3 cup of warm water and taken orally. The drug should be taken a couple of hours before or after a meal, and the bladder should be emptied before therapy.

How quickly helps monural with cystitis?

The curative effect of monural in urinary system infections develops within 60 minutes and lasts more than 72 hours. If the cystitis is in acute form with severe painful symptoms, one day after taking the medicine, the patient will feel significant relief. After 72 hours, the bacteria will leave the body naturally through urine.

How many times to drink?

In the acute inflammatory process in the bladder in adults and children over 12 years of age, a single dose of monural is shown. The antibiotic begins to act within two hours after application, creating high concentrations in the renal tissues and urine. Elevated levels of fosfomycin are maintained for more than 72 hours, which allows you to completely overcome the infection.

If the disease occurs in a chronic form with frequent relapses, then the duration of therapy and the dosage of the antimicrobial agent are determined by the attending physician, individually for each patient.

How many days to take?

The duration of monural treatment depends on the type of cystitis, the nature of its course and stage. If the disease is acute without any complications, then the drug is taken once. Monural is a potent antibiotic, so even after 1 day of therapy it is able to eliminate the infection.

In case of complicated, chronic and recurrent forms of inflammation, complex treatment is carried out with simultaneous medication of different pharmacological groups. In this case, all dosages and duration of therapy are adjusted only by the attending physician.

Monural for the prevention of cystitis

An antibacterial agent with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action is used for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. If symptoms of exacerbation of cystitis appear, a single dose of monural is indicated. This helps prevent further development of the disease.

Also, the drug is used to prevent bacterial infections of the urinary system before and after surgical interventions, transurethral diagnostic procedures.

Monural is taken once 3 hours before the planned operation with repeated administration after 24 hours. For patients with renal failure, an increase in the interval between the use of the drug or a decrease in its dosage is indicated.

Monural cystitis in women

One of the most common diseases among women is cystitis. It provokes frequent urging to the toilet, pain and burning during urination, and can also cause complications. The prevalence of inflammation of the bladder among women is explained by the peculiarities of the structure of their urethra. In women, it is wider and shorter than in men. Because of this, bacterial pathogens are much easier to penetrate into the bladder.

For the treatment of the disease, in most cases, drug therapy is used. Before prescribing drugs, laboratory diagnostics are shown to determine the type of bacteria and its sensitivity to antibiotics.

One of the most effective drugs for cystitis in women is Monural. An antibacterial and antimicrobial agent is prescribed if gram-negative or gram-positive microorganisms are the cause of inflammation. The contents of the sachet with the drug is dissolved in 1/3 cup of water and taken once. If the cystitis has a chronic course, then prolonged therapy is indicated.

Monural children with cystitis

Antibacterial agent is allowed to be used for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in children over 12 years old. As for younger patients, Monural is not recommended, because there is no data regarding the safety of drugs for children's bodies.

Use Monular during pregnancy

To date, adequate research on the safety of the drug Monural for treatment during pregnancy has not been conducted. Use of the drug is possible in the case when the expected effect for the mother is higher than the potential risks to the fetus.

Monural should be prescribed only by the attending physician, taking into account the possible teratogenic risk. The active ingredient of the antibiotic penetrates the placental barrier and is secreted into breast milk. If necessary, therapy during lactation, breastfeeding is stopped.

Contraindications

Monural, like any antibacterial agent has a number of contraindications to the use of:

• Allergic reactions to fosfomycin and other components of the drug.
• Severe renal failure (creatinine clearance <10 ml / min).
• Hemodialysis
• Patients under 12 years old.

With extreme caution, the drug is used during pregnancy and lactation, taking into account all possible risks for both women and children.

[19], [20], [21],

Side effects Monular

A single use of fosfomycin can cause such side reactions:

• Disorders in the digestive tract, diarrhea.
• Vulvovaginitis.
• Headaches and dizziness.
• Paresthesias.
• Tachycardia.
• Abdominal pain.
• Various allergic reactions, itching and rashes.
• Increased fatigue.

Symptomatic therapy is indicated for treatment. In severe cases, you must seek medical attention.

[22], [23]

Overdose

If the dosage prescribed by a doctor or the duration of treatment is not followed, Monural may cause the following overdose symptoms:

• Vestibular disorders.
• Hearing impairment.
• Reduced taste perception.
• Metallic taste in the mouth.

Symptomatic and supportive therapy is indicated for treatment. If necessary, forced diuresis is carried out.

[24]

Interactions with other drugs

For the successful treatment of cystitis, the doctor draws up a treatment regimen that includes several drugs. In this case, the doctor takes into account the possibility of their interaction.

So, Monural is not recommended to be combined with metoclopramide, since this leads to a decrease in the concentration of fosfomycin (the active substance of monural) in the blood plasma and urine. This is observed when used simultaneously with drugs that increase the motility of the gastrointestinal tract.

Simultaneous food intake significantly slows down the absorption of the drug, so it is recommended to take it on an empty stomach or 2-3 hours after a meal. Particular care should be taken in patients with diabetes mellitus, fructose intolerance, glucose galactose, and sucrose-isomaltase deficiency, since a single dose of monural contains 2.213 g of sucrose.

Monural and Kanefron in cystitis

Very often, patients with cystitis are prescribed several drugs of different pharmacological groups at the same time. This therapy allows you to comprehensively affect the painful condition. One of the most effective drug combinations for cystitis is monural and canephron.

Canephron is a drug with anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. It is used in urology and contains active components of plant origin. The composition of the medication includes: the grass of the thousandth, lubish root, rosemary leaves and excipients. The interaction of plant components reduces the intensity of the inflammatory process, relieves spasms from the urinary tract, has a diuretic effect.

• Indications for use: acute and chronic forms of infectious diseases of the kidneys and bladder. Pyelonephritis, cystitis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial cystitis, condition after removal of urinary calculi.
• How to use: orally, 2 capsules 2-3 times a day. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician, individually for each patient.
• Side effects: allergic skin reactions and skin hyperemia, nausea, vomiting, stool disorders. In rare cases, the appearance of blood impurities in urine, urination disorders and acute urinary retention may occur.
• Contraindications: intolerance to the components of the drug, peptic ulcer in the period of relapse, cardiac and renal failure, children under 12 years of age. It is prescribed with special care for patients with impaired renal function. Use during pregnancy and lactation is possible only for medical purposes.
• Overdose: in most cases, the drug is well tolerated and does not cause overdose symptoms. In rare cases, there are signs of intoxication. Symptomatic therapy is carried out for treatment.

Form release: tablets, coated on 20 pieces in a blister, 3 blisters per pack.

[25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30]

Monural and phytolysin together

With the complex treatment of advanced forms of cystitis, patients are prescribed several drugs at the same time. One of these combinations is Monural and Fitolysin together.

Phytolysin has anti-inflammatory, diuretic, analgesic and bacteriostatic properties. Promotes loosening and removal of urinary stones. The composition of the drug includes an extract of the dried mixture of vegetable raw materials: wheatgrass rhizomes, onion peels, fenugreek seeds, parsley roots, goldenrod grass, horsetail grass and highlander bird, lovage roots.

• Indications for use: infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary system. Treatment and prevention of urolithiasis, including after surgical removal of calculus.
• Method of application: a teaspoon of pasta is dissolved in ½ cup of warm sweet water and taken 3-4 times a day after meals. The course of treatment depends on the severity of the disease state and ranges from 2 to 6 weeks.
• Contraindications: intolerance to the components of the drug, increased blood clotting, obstruction of the urinary tract, nephritis, phosphate lithiasis, nephrosis. Not used for renal or heart failure and other conditions for which reduced fluid intake is indicated. The use of drugs during pregnancy and lactation is possible only for medical purposes. Prohibited for children under 18 years old. Overdose has similar symptoms, symptomatic treatment.
• Side effects: gastrointestinal disorders, flatulence, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, renal colic, headaches and dizziness, allergic reactions, photosensitization.

Form release: pasta 100 g for the preparation of suspensions for oral administration. The paste has a soft texture, a dark green color and a rather peculiar smell.

Storage conditions

Monural must be stored in its original packaging, protected from sunlight, moisture and inaccessible to children. The optimum storage temperature is not higher than 25 ° C. If these conditions are violated, there is a risk of premature deterioration of the medication.

[31]

Shelf life

Antibacterial agent should be used within 36 months from the date of its production. Open sachets with monural can be stored no more than 24 hours. After the expiration date of the drug is contraindicated for medicinal purposes.

[32], [33]

Reviews

Today, in order to learn more about the effectiveness of the selected drug, its mechanism of action and adverse reactions, it is enough to read reviews about it on the Internet.

Monural cystitis has many positive reviews. Many women note that this is the only effective drug that helps to quickly deal with bacteria in the bladder during pregnancy and lactation. The antibiotic is active against a wide range of pathogens, has a minimum of contraindications and adverse reactions.

But it is better to take Monural after consulting with your doctor and testing for pathogenic flora. This will allow you to create a correct treatment plan and, if necessary, prescribe additional medications.