Fenspiride

Phenspiride is a drug that has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and mucolytic properties. It is widely used to treat a number of respiratory diseases such as cough, bronchitis, bronchial asthma and others.

Before taking the drug, it is important to consult your doctor to clarify the correct dosage and duration of treatment depending on your health condition and the nature of the disease.

Indications Fenspirida

1. Cough: Fenspiride is often used to relieve dry or wet cough in various respiratory conditions such as acute and chronic bronchitis, ARVI, tracheitis and others.
2. Bronchial Asthma: This medication may be used to reduce cough and shortness of breath in patients with bronchial asthma.
3. Rhinitis: The drugmay be used to treat associated cough and relieve nasal congestion in rhinitis, including allergic rhinitis.
4. Sinusitis: For sinusitis, the drug may help soothe symptoms and reduce the separation of mucous from the nose.
5. Other respiratory infections: Fenspiride may also be prescribed for other respiratory conditions such as pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheobronchitis etc. To reduce cough and inflammation.
6. Allergic reactions: In some cases, the drug may be used to treat symptoms of allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching, runny nose and cough.

Release form

1. Tablets: The medicine is usually supplied as tablets for oral (by mouth) administration. The tablets usually have different dosages, such as 50 mg or 100 mg.
2. Syrup: Some manufacturers offer Phenspiride in syrup form, which is convenient for patients, especially children or those who have difficulty swallowing solid medications.
3. Capsules: In some cases, the drug may be available as capsules, usually hard gel capsules containing a liquid form of the drug.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Mucolytic action: The drug reduces the viscosity ofmucus in the respiratory tract. It stimulates the activity of secretory cells and improves the rheological properties of bronchial mucus, which facilitates its expectoration.
2. Expectant action: Fenspiride stimulates the activity of respiratory epithelial cells, which helps to increase the amount of mucus secreted in the respiratory tract. This helps to improve mucus expectoration and clear the airways.
3. Antihistamine action: The drug has antihistamine properties that may help in reducing symptoms of allergic reactions such as itching, runny nose and sneezing.
4. Anti-inflammatory effects: Some studies have shown that fenspiride may have anti-inflammatory effects that may help reduce inflammation in the airways in various respiratory diseases.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: Fenspiride is usually taken orally in the form of tablets or syrup. After oral administration, it is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Distribution: The drug is well distributed in the body tissues, including the respiratory tract and lungs, where it exerts its therapeutic effects.
3. Metabolism: Phenspiride is metabolized in liver with formation of inactive metabolites. The main metabolite is 4'-hydroxyphenspiride.
4. Excretion: Approximately 60-70% of the drug dose is excreted from the body through the kidneys as metabolites, and the remainder through the intestine with bile.
5. Concentration: Maximum plasma concentrations of fenspiride are usually reached 1-2 hours after oral administration.
6. Pharmacodynamics: The drug has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and also reduces the viscosity of respiratory secretion, which facilitates expectoration and reduces cough.
7. Duration of action: The effect of fenspiride usually lasts for 12 hours, which allows it to be taken 2 times a day to ensure a permanent therapeutic effect.
8. Interactions with other drugs: The drug may interact with other drugs, especially those that are also metabolized in the liver or excreted through the kidneys, which may require dose or regimen adjustment.

Dosing and administration

The dosage and route of administration of Fenspiride may vary slightly depending on the formulation and manufacturer's instructions, so it is important to follow the directions on the drug package and your doctor's instructions. However, in general:

1. Pills:

   • It is usually taken 1 tablet (usually 50 mg or 100 mg) 2-3 times a day after meals.
   • Tablets should be swallowed whole with water.

2. Syrup:

   • For children and adults, it is generally recommended to take 15 mL of syrup (which usually contains 2.5 mg/mL of fenspiride) 2-3 times daily after meals.
   • For accurate dosing, use the measuring spoon or syringe provided with the drug.

3. Capsules:

   • The dosage of capsules is usually similar to that of tablets and is taken in the same time frame.

Use Fenspirida during pregnancy

The use of fenspiride during pregnancy may be limited as there is limited data regarding its safety in pregnant women and the developing fetus. There are no reliable clinical studies confirming its safety in pregnancy. Therefore, it is generally recommended to avoid the use of fenspiride during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester when the fetal organs are forming.

If a pregnant woman has problems with respiratory problems, she should always consult her doctor before taking any medication, including fenspiride. The doctor can assess the benefits of the drug compared to the potential risks and recommend the safest alternative treatments or medications, if necessary.

It is also important to remember that self-medication during pregnancy can be dangerous to the health of both mother and child.

Contraindications

1. Hypersensitivity: Patients with known hypersensitivity to fenspiride or other components of the drug should avoid its use due to the risk of allergic reactions.
2. Gastric and duodenal ulcer disease: Use of the drug may be contraindicated in patients with active gastric or duodenal ulcers due to the possibility of mucosal irritation and increased bleeding.
3. Hypertension: Patients with severe arterial hypertension should use fenspiride with caution, as some forms of the drug may increase blood pressure.
4. Tachyarrhythmias: The drug may cause cardiac rhythm disturbances, therefore its use may be contraindicated in patients with severe cardiac rhythm disturbances.
5. Diabetes mellitus: Fenspiride administration may require dosage adjustment in patients with diabetes mellitus due to the effect on blood glucose levels.
6. Aging: Special caution should be exercised when using the drug in elderly patients, as they may be more susceptible to side effects of the drug.
7. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Use of fenspiride during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be under medical supervision and only if the potential benefit to the mother exceeds the potential risks to the fetus or child.

Side effects Fenspirida

Fenspiride is usually well tolerated by most patients, however, like any other medication, it can cause side effects in some people. The following are possible side effects that may occur when using the drug:

1. Drowsiness or dizziness: Some patients may experience fatigue, drowsiness, or dizziness after taking fenspiride.
2. Dry mouth: This drug may cause a dry mouth sensation in some patients.
3. Abdominal pain or diarrhea: Some people may experience abdominal pain or diarrhea while using the drug.
4. Changes in appetite: Some patients may experience a loss of appetite or, conversely, an increase in appetite after taking the drug.
5. Allergic reactions: In rare cases, allergic reactions such as skin rash, pruritus, angioedema or anaphylaxis may occur.
6. Cardiac rhythm disturbances: Some patients may experience cardiac rhythm disturbances while using fenspiride, although such cases are rare.
7. Other rare side effects: Other possible side effects of the drug may include headache, decreased blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, etc.

Overdose

Information on overdose of fenspiride is limited, and cases of overdose are relatively rare. However, in case of overdose or signs of overdose, you should seek immediate medical attention or contact a medical center of toxicology.

Signs of overdose may include:

1. Increased unwanted side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting and stomach upset.
2. Hypersensitivity to antihistamine effects such as dry mouth, difficulty urinating, increased heart rate, and others.
3. It is possible to develop serious reactions, including allergic reactions or anaphylaxis.

In case of suspected overdose, it is important to get medical attention as soon as possible. Treatment of the overdose will be aimed at symptomatic relief of the patient's condition and maintenance of the patient's functions.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Sedatives: Fenspiride may increase the sedative effects of medicines such as sleeping pills, anxiolytics or medicines affecting the central nervous system. This may lead to increased drowsiness and slower reactions.
2. Anti-allergic drugs: The drug may increase the effect of antihistamines used to treat allergic reactions. It may increase sedation and cause drowsiness.
3. Drugs affecting the CNS: Fenspiride may interact with other drugs affecting the central nervous system, such as alcohol, barbiturates or antidepressants, which may result in increased sedation and respiratory depression.
4. Anti-infective drugs: The drug may interact with some antibiotics or antiviral drugs, which may increase their concentration in the blood or reduce their effectiveness.
5. Drugs metabolized in the liver: Fenspiride may interact with other drugs metabolized in the liver, which may alter their metabolic pathway or blood concentrations.
6. Drugsexcreted through the kidneys: The drug may interact with drugs excreted through the kidneys, which may lead to an increase in their concentration in the blood or increase the risk of toxic effects.

Storage conditions

Fenspiride is usually stored at room temperature, in a dry and light-protected place. It is important to observe the following storage conditions:

1. Temperature: The drug should be stored at a temperature between 15 and 30 degrees Celsius (59 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit).
2. Humidity: The drug should be stored in a dry place to prevent decomposition or aggregation.
3. Light: Fenspiride should be stored in a light-protected place to avoid exposure to direct sunlight or other light sources that may affect its stability.
4. Packaging: The drug should be stored in its original packaging or container to minimize exposure to external factors.
5. Additional recommendations: It is important to follow the instructions on the product package regarding storage conditions. Some manufacturers may provide additional recommendations depending on the specifics of the product.