Diseases of the blood (hematology)

The syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation (ICD): causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation (ICE, consumption coagulopathy, defibrillation syndrome) is a disorder with pronounced generation of thrombin and fibrin in the circulating blood.

Coagulation disorders due to circulating anticoagulants: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Circulating anticoagulants are usually represented by autoantibodies that neutralize specific clotting factors in vivo (eg, autoantibodies against Factors VIII and V) or inhibit protein-bound phospholipids in vitro. Sometimes a late type of auto-antibody causes bleeding in vivo, binding prothrombin.

Violation of blood clotting

Pathological bleeding may occur as a result of diseases of the blood coagulation system, platelets or blood vessels. Coagulation disorders can be acquired or congenital.

Hyperhomocysteinemia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hyperhomocysteinemia may contribute to the development of arterial or venous thromboembolism, which may be due to damage to the vascular wall endothelial cells. The level of plasma homocysteine increases more than 10 times in homozygotes with a deficiency of cystathionine synthase.

Deficiency of antithrombin: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Antithrombin is a protein that inhibits thrombin and factors Xa, IXa, Xla. The prevalence of heterozygous deficiency of plasma antithrombin is from 0.2 to 0.4%. Venous thromboses develop in half of heterozygotic individuals.

Protein Deficiency Z: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Protein Z is a vitamin K-dependent protein that functions as a cofactor of the process of inhibiting blood clotting by forming a complex with a plasma protein, a Z-dependent protease inhibitor.

Protein Deficiency C: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Since activated protein C leads to the breakdown of factors Va and VIIIa, it is thus a natural plasma anticoagulant. Decreased protein C as a result of genetic or acquired causes provokes the emergence of venous thrombosis.

V Factor Resistance to Activated Protein C: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

The activated protein C cleaves the factors Va and VIIIa, thereby inhibiting the clotting process. Any of several mutations of factor V causes its resistance to activated protein C, thereby increasing the tendency to thrombosis. The most common factor V mutation is the Leyden mutation. Homozygous mutations to a greater extent increase the risk of thrombosis than heterozygous.

Thrombophilia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

In healthy people, the hemostatic balance is the result of the interaction of procoagulant (clot-promoting), anticoagulant and fibrinolytic components.

Von Willebrand's disease in adults

Von Willebrand disease is a congenital deficiency of vWF, which leads to platelet dysfunction. It is usually characterized by mild bleeding. Screening shows an increase in bleeding time, a normal number of platelets and, possibly, a slight increase in partial thromboplastin time.

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