Diseases of the blood (hematology)

Essential thrombocythemia

Essential thrombocythemia (essential thrombocytosis, primary thrombocythemia) is characterized by an increase in the number of platelets, megakaryocytic hyperplasia and a tendency to bleeding or thrombosis. Patients may complain of weakness, headaches, paresthesias, bleeding; splenomegaly and ischemia of the fingers can be detected during the examination.

Myeloproliferative diseases: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Myeloproliferative diseases are characterized by a violation of the proliferation of one or more hemopoietic cell lines or connective tissue elements. This group of diseases includes essential thrombocythemia, myelofibrosis, true polycythemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Histiocytosis from Langerhans cells (histiocytosis X): causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Histiocytosis from Langerhans cells (granulomatosis from Langerhans cells, histiocytosis X) is the proliferation of dendritic mononuclear cells with diffuse or local organ infiltration. The disease is mainly found in children. The manifestation of the disease includes lung infiltration, bone damage, skin rash, hepatic, hemopoietic and endocrine dysfunction.

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (disseminated eosinophilic collagenosis, eosinophilic leukemia, Loeffler fibroplastic endocarditis with eosinophilia) is a condition that is determined by eosinophilia of peripheral blood over 1500 / μL continuously for 6 months with the involvement or dysfunction of organs directly caused by eosinophilia in the absence of parasitic, allergic or other causes of eosinophilia. Symptoms are varied and dependent, the dysfunction of which organs is present. Treatment begins with prednisolone and may include hydroxyurea, interferon a and imatinib.

Eosinophilia

Eosinophilia is an increase in the number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood of more than 450 / µl. There are many reasons for increasing the number of eosinophils, but more often there is an allergic reaction or parasitic infections. Diagnosis is a selective survey directed to a clinically suspected cause. Treatment is focused on the elimination of the underlying disease.

Diseases of eosinophils: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Eosinophils are granulocytes and are derived from the same precursor as monocyte-macrophages, non-atrophils and basophils. The exact function of eosinophils is unknown. As phagocytes, eosinophils are less effective than nontrophils in the destruction of intracellular bacteria.

Spleen rupture

Spleen rupture is usually the result of blunt abdominal trauma. The increase in the spleen as a result of fulminant infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis or posttransplantation pseudolymphoma) predisposes to rupture from minimal trauma or even spontaneous rupture. A significant impact (for example, a car accident) can lead to the rupture of even a normal spleen.

Hyperplenism: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hypersplenism is a syndrome of cytopenia caused by splenomegaly. Hypersplenism is a secondary process that can be caused by splenomegaly caused by a variety of causes. Treatment is aimed at the underlying disease. However, if hypersplenism is the single most serious manifestation of the disease (eg, Gaucher's disease), ablation of the spleen can be indicated by splenectomy or radiotherapy.

Splenomegaly

Splenomegaly is almost always secondary to other diseases, which are very many, as well as possible ways to classify them. Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative diseases, accumulation diseases (eg, Gaucher's disease) and connective tissue diseases are the most common causes of splenomegaly in temperate countries, while infectious diseases (eg malaria, kala-azar) prevail in the tropics.

Diseases of the spleen and bleeding

In structure and function, the spleen resembles two different organs. White pulp, consisting of periarterial lymphatic membrane and germinal centers, functions as an immune organ. Red pulp, consisting of macrophages and granulocytes lining the vascular space (chords and sinusoids), functions as a phagocytic organ.

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