Diseases of the blood (hematology)

Acute leukemia

Acute leukemia is formed by malignant transformation of the hematopoietic stem cell into a primitive undifferentiated cell with an abnormal life span. Lymphoblasts (ALL) or myeloblasts (AML) exhibit an abnormal proliferative capacity, displacing normal bone marrow tissue and hematopoietic cells, inducing anemia, thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia.

Leukemia

Leukemia is a malignant tumor of leukocyte germ, involving the pathological process of bone marrow, circulating leukocytes and organs, for example the spleen and lymph nodes.

Secondary erythrocytosis (secondary polycythemia): causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Secondary erythrocytosis (secondary polycythemia) is erythrocytosis, which develops again due to the influence of other factors. Frequent causes of secondary erythrocytosis are smoking, chronic arterial hypoxemia and tumor process (tumor-associated erythrocytosis). Less common are hemoglobinopathies with an increased affinity for hemoglobin to oxygen and other hereditary disorders.

True polycythemia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

True polycythemia (primary polycythemia) is an idiopathic chronic myeloproliferative disease characterized by an increase in the number of erythrocytes (erythrocytosis), increased hematocrit and blood viscosity, which can lead to the development of thromboses.

Myelofibrosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Myelofibrosis (idiopathic myeloid metaplasia, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia) is a chronic and usually idiopathic disease that is characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, splenomegaly and anemia with the presence of immature and drop-shaped erythrocytes.

Essential thrombocythemia

Essential thrombocythemia (essential thrombocytosis, primary thrombocythemia) is characterized by an increase in the number of platelets, megakaryocytic hyperplasia and a tendency to bleeding or thrombosis. Patients may complain of weakness, headaches, paresthesias, bleeding; splenomegaly and ischemia of the fingers can be detected during the examination.

Myeloproliferative diseases: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Myeloproliferative diseases are characterized by a violation of the proliferation of one or more hemopoietic cell lines or connective tissue elements. This group of diseases includes essential thrombocythemia, myelofibrosis, true polycythemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Histiocytosis from Langerhans cells (histiocytosis X): causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Histiocytosis from Langerhans cells (granulomatosis from Langerhans cells, histiocytosis X) is the proliferation of dendritic mononuclear cells with diffuse or local organ infiltration. The disease is mainly found in children. The manifestation of the disease includes lung infiltration, bone damage, skin rash, hepatic, hemopoietic and endocrine dysfunction.

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (disseminated eosinophilic collagenosis, eosinophilic leukemia, Loeffler fibroplastic endocarditis with eosinophilia) is a condition that is determined by eosinophilia of peripheral blood over 1500 / μL continuously for 6 months with the involvement or dysfunction of organs directly caused by eosinophilia in the absence of parasitic, allergic or other causes of eosinophilia. Symptoms are varied and dependent, the dysfunction of which organs is present. Treatment begins with prednisolone and may include hydroxyurea, interferon a and imatinib.

Eosinophilia

Eosinophilia is an increase in the number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood of more than 450 / µl. There are many reasons for increasing the number of eosinophils, but more often there is an allergic reaction or parasitic infections. Diagnosis is a selective survey directed to a clinically suspected cause. Treatment is focused on the elimination of the underlying disease.

Health