Diseases of the blood (hematology)

Plasma cell diseases: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Plasma cell diseases (dysproteinemias; monoclonal gammopathies; paraproteinemias; plasma cell dyscrasias) are a group of diseases of unknown etiology, characterized by disproportionate proliferation of one clone of B cells, the presence of structurally and electrophoretically homogeneous (monoclinal) immunoglobulins or polypeptides in the blood serum or urine.

Fungal mycosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Mycosis fungoides is less common than Hodgkin's lymphoma and other types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mycosis fungoides has an insidious onset, often manifesting as a chronic itchy rash that is difficult to diagnose. Starting locally, it can spread, affecting most of the skin. The lesions are similar to plaques, but can manifest as nodules or ulcers. Subsequently, systemic damage to the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs develops, and systemic clinical manifestations are added, which include fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss.

Berkitt's lymphoma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Burkitt lymphoma is a B-cell lymphoma that occurs predominantly in women. There are endemic (African), sporadic (non-African), and immunodeficiency-associated forms. Burkitt lymphoma is endemic in central Africa and accounts for up to 30% of childhood lymphomas in the United States. The African endemic forms manifest as lesions of the facial bones and jaw.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by monoclonal proliferation of malignant lymphoid cells in lymphoreticular zones, including lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, liver, and gastrointestinal tract.

Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)

Hodgkin lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease) is a localized or disseminated malignant proliferation of cells of the lymphoreticular system, affecting primarily the tissue of the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Symptoms include painless lymphadenopathy, sometimes with fever, night sweats, gradual weight loss, pruritus, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Diagnosis is based on lymph node biopsy.

Lymphomas

Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplastic diseases originating from the reticuloendothelial and lymphatic systems. The main types of lymphomas are Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Myelodysplastic syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndrome includes a group of diseases characterized by cytopenia in peripheral blood, dysplasia of hematopoietic precursors, hypercellularity of the bone marrow and a high risk of developing AML.

Chronic myeloleukemia

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (chronic granulocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) develops when, as a result of malignant transformation and clonal myeloproliferation of pluripotent stem cells, significant hyperproduction of immature granulocytes begins. The disease is initially asymptomatic.

Chronic lympholeukemia (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

The most common type of leukemia in the West, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by abnormally long-lived mature neoplastic lymphocytes. There is leukemic infiltration in the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Symptoms may be absent or include lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and nonspecific symptoms due to anemia (fatigue, malaise).

Acute myeloid leukemia (acute myeloblastic leukemia)

In acute myeloid leukemia, malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of abnormally differentiated, long-lived myeloid progenitor cells causes the appearance of blast cells in the circulating blood, replacing normal bone marrow with malignant cells.

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