Diseases of the blood (hematology)

Myelodysplastic syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndrome includes a group of diseases characterized by cytopenia in the peripheral blood, dysplasia of hematopoietic progenitors, bone marrow hypercellularity and a high risk of AML development.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Chronic myeloleukemia (chronic granulocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) develops when as a result of malignant transformation and clonal myeloproliferation of pluripotent stem cells, a significant hyperproduction of immature granulocytes begins. The disease is initially asymptomatic.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

Being the most frequent type of leukemia in the West, chronic lymphocytic leukemia is manifested by mature abnormal neoplastic lymphocytes with an abnormally long lifespan. In the bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes there is leukemia infiltration. Symptoms of the disease may be absent or include lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and nonspecific symptoms due to anemia (fatigue, malaise).

Acute myeloid leukemia (acute myeloblastic leukemia)

In acute myelogenous leukemia, malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of anomalously differentiated, long-lived precursor cells of the myeloid series causes the appearance of blast cells in circulating blood, replacement of normal bone marrow with malignant cells.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (acute lymphocytic leukemia)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (the first lymphatic leukemia), which is the most frequent oncological disease in children, also affects adults of all ages. Malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of anomalously differentiated, long-lived hematopoietic progenitor cells leads to the appearance of circulating power cells, replacement of normal bone marrow with malignant cells and potential leukemia infiltration of the central nervous system and abdominal organs.

Acute leukemia

Acute leukemia is formed by malignant transformation of the hematopoietic stem cell into a primitive undifferentiated cell with an abnormal life span. Lymphoblasts (ALL) or myeloblasts (AML) exhibit an abnormal proliferative capacity, displacing normal bone marrow tissue and hematopoietic cells, inducing anemia, thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia.

Leukemia

Leukemia is a malignant tumor of leukocyte germ, involving the pathological process of bone marrow, circulating leukocytes and organs, for example the spleen and lymph nodes.

Secondary erythrocytosis (secondary polycythemia): causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Secondary erythrocytosis (secondary polycythemia) is erythrocytosis, which develops again due to the influence of other factors. Frequent causes of secondary erythrocytosis are smoking, chronic arterial hypoxemia and tumor process (tumor-associated erythrocytosis). Less common are hemoglobinopathies with an increased affinity for hemoglobin to oxygen and other hereditary disorders.

True polycythemia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

True polycythemia (primary polycythemia) is an idiopathic chronic myeloproliferative disease characterized by an increase in the number of erythrocytes (erythrocytosis), increased hematocrit and blood viscosity, which can lead to the development of thromboses.

Myelofibrosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Myelofibrosis (idiopathic myeloid metaplasia, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia) is a chronic and usually idiopathic disease that is characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, splenomegaly and anemia with the presence of immature and drop-shaped erythrocytes.

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