Diseases of the blood (hematology)

Anemic syndrome

Anemic syndrome is a pathological condition caused by a decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin in a unit of circulating blood. True anemic syndrome must be distinguished from hemodilution, which is caused by massive transfusion of blood substitutes and is accompanied by either an absolute decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells or a decrease in their hemoglobin content.

Diseases of the spleen

Primary diseases of the spleen are extremely rare, and even then they are mainly degenerative processes and cysts. But as a symptom, splenomegaly is quite common and is a manifestation of many diseases.

Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare (orphan) disease. Mortality in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is about 35% within 5 years from the onset of the disease.

Blood loss correction in surgery

Blood loss in surgery is an inevitable aspect of surgical intervention. In this case, not only the localization of the surgical intervention is important, but also the volume, diagnosis, presence of concomitant pathology, and the initial state of blood parameters.

Primary hemochromatosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Primary hemochromatosis is a congenital disorder characterized by severe iron accumulation, causing tissue damage. The disease does not manifest clinically until organ damage has developed, often irreversibly. Symptoms include weakness, hepatomegaly, bronze pigmentation of the skin, loss of libido, arthralgia, manifestations of cirrhosis, diabetes, cardiomyopathy.

Iron overload diseases: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

When iron (Fe) is taken in in quantities exceeding the body's needs, it is deposited in tissues as hemosiderin. Iron deposition leads to tissue damage (with a total iron content in the body > 5 g) and is called hemochromatosis. Local or generalized iron deposition without tissue damage is called hemosiderosis.

Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (myelomatosis; plasma cell myeloma) is a plasma cell tumor that produces monoclonal immunoglobulin that invades and destroys nearby bone.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined character

In monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, M-protein is produced by non-malignant plasma cells in the absence of other manifestations of multiple myeloma. The incidence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) increases with age, from 1% in people aged 25 years to 4% in people over 70 years.

Macroglobulinemia

Macroglobulinemia (primary macroglobulinemia; Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia) is a malignant plasma cell disorder in which B cells produce large amounts of monoclonal IgM. Manifestations include hyperviscosity, bleeding, recurrent infections, and generalized adenopathy.

Diseases of heavy chains: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Heavy chain diseases are neoplastic plasma cell disorders characterized by overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chains. Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment vary according to the specificity of the disease.

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