Diseases of the blood (hematology)

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by antibodies that react with red blood cells at temperatures of 37 C (warm antibody hemolytic anemia) or temperatures < 37 C (cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia).

Hemolytic anemia in adults

At the end of their normal lifespan (-120 days), red blood cells are removed from the bloodstream. Hemolysis prematurely destroys and therefore shortens the lifespan of red blood cells (< 120 days).

Megaloblastic anemias: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Megaloblastic anemias result from vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Ineffective hematopoiesis affects all cell lines, but especially the erythroid line.

Anemia in myelophthisis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Anemia in myelophthisis is normochromic-normocytic and develops with infiltration or replacement of normal bone marrow space by non-hematopoietic or abnormal cells.

Aplastic anemia (hypoplastic anemia): causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Aplastic anemia (hypoplastic anemia) - normochromic-normocytic anemia, is the result of depletion of the reserve of hematopoietic precursors, which leads to bone marrow hypoplasia, a decrease in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Hypoproliferative anemias: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hypoproliferative anemias are the result of erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency or decreased response to it; they are usually normochromic and normocytic

Anemia in chronic disease: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Anemia of chronic disease (anemia due to impaired iron reutilization) is multifactorial and is often accompanied by iron deficiency.

Sideroblastic anemias

Sideroblastic anemias are caused by impaired iron utilization and are usually part of myelodysplastic syndrome, manifesting as normocytic-normochromic anemia with a high red blood cell distribution width (RDW) or microcytic-hypochromic anemia with increased levels of serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation.

Iron deficiency anemia

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia and is usually due to blood loss.

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