Acute cystitis in women

According to medical statistics, in 80% of cases, infectious-inflammatory damage of the genitourinary system is diagnosed in women. This prevalence of the disease is associated with anatomical features of the structure of the female urinary system.

[1], [2],

Causes of the acute cystitis in women

The short and wide urethra is in close proximity to the natural source of pathogens - the anal opening and vagina. Cystitis occurs due to the penetration of pathogenic flora into the urethra and urinary system.

Urological disease is of an infectious and non-infectious nature. In the first case arises because of the conditionally pathogenic microflora: staphylococcus, E. Coli, streptococci, chlamydia, mycoplasma. Non-infectious causes include: hypothermia, weakened immune system, intestinal dysbacteriosis, vaginal dysbiosis, irritation or damage to the mucosa of the bladder.

[3], [4], [5], [6], [7]

Risk factors

There are a number of factors that increase the risk of developing acute cystitis in women:

• Active sex life and frequent change of sexual partners.
• Use of spermicidal contraceptives.
• Endocrine diseases.
• Hormonal disorders.
• The period of menopause.
• Pregnancy and the postpartum period.
• Kidney disease and other foci of infection in the body.

[8], [9], [10], [11], [12]

Symptoms of the acute cystitis in women

Inflammation is manifested by rapid and painful urination, discomfort in the lower abdomen, the appearance of impurities of blood and pus in urine. About other symptoms of acute cystitis read in this article.

[13], [14], [15], [16]

Acute cystitis in pregnancy

Very often frequent urge to urinate is one of the first signs of pregnancy. In this case, cystitis is one of the most common diseases in expectant mothers. According to medical research, a painful condition arises from hormonal and physiological changes in the female body.

Symptoms:

• Frequent urge to urinate with painful urination.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.
• The admixture of blood and pus in the urine.
• Increased body temperature.
• Deterioration of general well-being.

For the detection of infectious and inflammatory pathology, a blood and urine test for pathogenic microorganisms is performed. The treatment is provided by the urologist together with the gynecologist. Pregnant prescribers are plant-based preparations that are safe for the unborn child, but are harmful to viruses and bacteria.

If you leave a painful condition without medical care, then it is dangerous for kidney infection, premature and difficult birth, birth of a baby with low weight and other complications.

[17], [18], [19], [20]

Acute cystitis in a nursing mother

Inflammation of the bladder quite often occurs not only during pregnancy, but also in the postpartum period. Acute cystitis in a nursing mother can be associated with a decrease in the protective properties of the immune system and with infection of the urinary tract.

The main causes of postpartum cystitis include:

• Violation of blood circulation in the organs of the small pelvis.
• Birth trauma.
• The consequence of the prevention of uterine bleeding during the birth process.
• Subcooling the body.
• Complication after catheterization of the bladder.
• Infectious processes in the vagina.
• Insufficient hygiene.

Many women note that in the first days after childbirth, urination becomes more rare. This is due to a decrease in the sensitivity of nerve endings in the pelvic region. Therefore, a full bladder in the early postpartum period can also be one of the factors of inflammation.

[21], [22]

Acute cystitis with menopause

Menopause is the period when the number of female sex hormones of estrogens is significantly reduced. Because of this, the elasticity of the skin and mucous membranes decreases. The pathological process affects the walls of the bladder, because of what the body becomes weaker, thin and poorly supplied with blood.

The main causes of acute cystitis in menopause are:

• Weakened immune system.
• Infectious diseases.
• Sex infections.
• Concrements in the bladder.
• Inflammation of the kidneys and other organs of the genitourinary system.

According to its symptoms, the disease does not differ from inflammation in women of reproductive age. There are pains when going to the toilet and frequent desires in a small way, the urine changes color and smell, the body temperature rises, there is discomfort in the lower abdomen and in the suprapubic region.

[23], [24], [25], [26]

Diagnostics of the acute cystitis in women

For diagnosis, urine and blood are analyzed. Instrumental examinations of the kidneys and bladder are also necessary. Diagnosis is used to prepare the treatment. Therapy begins with arresting the acute inflammatory process and destroying the pathogenic flora. The woman is prescribed hormone replacement therapy to replace the deficiency of estrogen, as well as vitamins and minerals to strengthen the body.

[27], [28]

Treatment of the acute cystitis in women

Treatment of acute cystitis depends on the causes of the disease and the type of acute cystitis. For treatment, antibacterial agents of a wide spectrum of action are used that destroy the pathogenic flora. In most cases, the patient is prescribed herbal preparations, which allow not to interrupt breastfeeding. But if the disease occurs in severe form, then lactation is stopped and a woman is prescribed a course of antibacterial therapy, effective painkillers and other medications.

Analgesics and antispasmodics are also shown to alleviate the painful condition and relaxation of the smooth muscles of the affected organ.

Prevention

Particular attention is paid to preventive measures, which are aimed at preventing recurrence of the disease and general strengthening of the body.

[29], [30], [31], [32]