Avertid

Medication Avertide promotes the treatment of Ménière syndrome, which manifests itself in various symptoms that interfere with the normal life of the patient.

Indications Avertid

Indications for the use of the drug Avertid is the presence of the disease and Meniere's syndrome. They are accompanied by such symptoms as:

• dizziness (sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting);              
• hearing loss (hearing loss);             
•  noise in ears.                                                      

The drug Avertide provides the possibility of symptomatic treatment, when the patient has vestibular dizziness.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Release form

A drug is a solution that is administered orally. The main active substance in Avertide is betagistin. One milliliter of Avertide solution contains eight milligrams of betagistin dihydrochloride.

[6], [7]

Pharmacodynamics

The main active substance of the drug - betagistin - affects the histamine H3 and H1 receptors of the labyrinth and vestibular nuclei of the central nervous system. The avertid shows a pronounced H1-antagonistic effect on the receptors of the vessels of the inner ear, which results in local vasodilation and a significant improvement in blood circulation in stria vascularis. Due to the H3-antagonistic action of the drug on the receptors of the vestibular nuclei, microcirculation, capillary permeability improves, histamine release increases, fluid exchange at the level of the microcirculatory channel of the vascular stripe increases, and the endolymph pressure in the labyrinth and cochlea normalizes. Thanks to beta-histidine, the processes of neuronal transmission are improved due to the increased concentration of serotonin in the synapses.

Averthid is an inhibitor of the enzyme diaminoxidase, which inactivates histamine. In addition, beta-histidine binds to the potential-dependent calcium channels of nerve cells, which are directly involved in processes of ischemic origin. Avertid does not affect H2-gastaminoreceptors of the stomach, therefore secretion and concentration of hydrochloric acid, both basal and stimulated, increases. Betagistin has no sedative effect, the indices of systemic arterial pressure from it do not change. Beta-histidine is not characterized by extrapyramidal disorders compared to other similar agents, such as, for example, compared with cinnarizine, flunarisin. Therefore, Avertide can be used freely in the treatment of elderly people who have Parkinson's syndrome. 

[8], [9], [10], [11], [12]

Pharmacokinetics

After the solution enters the human body there is complete absorption of betahistine in the gastrointestinal tract, only a small part of the substance can be contacted with blood proteins. Avertide is not peculiar to accumulation in the tissues of oranism, it also does not inherent cumulative effect. Together with urine, betahistine is fully excreted as an inactive metabolite of 2-pyridylacetic acid during the day. The time interval of three to four hours is the half-life of the drug. 

[13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]

Dosing and administration

Medication is prescribed to adults twice or thrice a day, after or during meals. Avertid is used orally, the dose is measured with a syringe, which is attached to the package. Sometimes the solution is not diluted, then it is better to drink it with a small amount of liquid. Another way is to spread the drug Averted with water. For treatment, Avertide is usually used from fourteen days to a period of three months - depends on the clinical effects that will manifest. It is best to use Avertide if it is taken for a long time.

Dosages of Averted:                              

Adults take the mouth of Avertide in the amount of eight milligrams three times a day. If the symptoms of the disease are vivid or the treatment is ineffective, then the dose is increased to sixteen milligrams (two milliliters) three times a day or to take the drug in the amount of twenty-four milligrams (three milliliters) twice a day.

As much as a day, doctors recommend taking forty-eight milligrams of medication. 

[29], [30], [31],

Use Avertid during pregnancy

Medical practice to date does not have a significant experience in the application of Avertid in fetal fetalization, a sufficient number of observations are absent. Because this drug is recommended to use only in extreme cases: if the benefits of the drug for pregnant women will be much more potential risks for the future baby. In pregnancy, only the doctor can decide whether to use Avertide. Taking Avertide and at the same time breastfeeding the baby is contraindicated, breastfeeding should be stopped at this time. 

Contraindications

Contraindications to the use of the drug is the presence of hypersensitivity to the components that contains Avertide pheochromocytoma, treatment with disulfiram derivatives (in the preparation contains 5% of the volume of ethyl alcohol).

[20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25],

Side effects Avertid

The medication has the following side effects and can lead to:

•  disorders of immunity (hypersensitivity, including immediately, of the type such as anaphylaxis;
•  disorders of the nervous system, for example, headache;                        
•  gastrointestinal disorders, nausea and variance often occur. Sometimes patients get complaints about upset stomach - vomiting, pain in the gastrointestinal tract. Usually such effects are observed if you take the drug with food or reduce the dose.
• the skin surface and subcutaneous tissue change: the skin becomes hypersensitive - there is the appearance of angioedema, rash, itching and urticaria. 

[26], [27], [28],

Overdose

If a person has increased sensitivity to the components that are part of the drug Avertide, pheochromocytoma, treatment with derivatives of disulfiram (in Avertide, five percent of the volume of the solution is ethyl alcohol). 

[32]

Interactions with other drugs

When Avertid is used together with blockers of histamine H1 receptors, the main active substance of the drug Avertyde acts less efficiently. Therefore, before you start taking the drug, doctors recommend stopping using antihistamines.

In Avertide, five percent of ethyl alcohol is contained, this should be taken into consideration when disulfiram or its derivatives are treated, or when drugs are used that cause the blocking of acetaldehyde disintegration enzymes (eg, metronidazole, nitrofuran derivatives). 

[33], [34], [35], [36],

Storage conditions

The drug is stored for two years at an air temperature that is twenty-five degrees Celsius. It is recommended to restrict children's access to medicines. 

[37], [38], [39]

Shelf life

Shelf life of the drug is two years.                    

[40], [41], [42],