Antibiotics for adenoids: after removal, with inflammation

Drug treatment for adenoids is not always prescribed, but only in those cases when a surgical operation is contraindicated for some reason. In particular, antibiotics for adenoids are used only with the attachment of microbial infection in the upper respiratory tract.

Antibiotics are selected and prescribed by a medical specialist, usually on the basis of sowing mucus from the nasopharynx and assessing the resistance of bacteria to antibacterial drugs.

Are adenoids treated with antibiotics?

Doctors do not always prescribe antibiotics for the treatment of adenoids, since the use of such drugs is not always advisable and can adversely affect the state of the digestive and urinary system.

Antibiotics may be appropriate:

• when joining a bacterial infection;
• with a high probability of complications;
• at the preparatory stage before the surgical intervention.

[1], [2]

Indications of the antibiotics for adenoids

Adenoids are palatine tonsils, the main purpose of which is filtration of incoming air from microbes and viruses. With frequent and severe viral or microbial infectious diseases, adenoids can increase, or grow.

Often with such growth, the ENT doctor prescribes antibiotic therapy. To do this is appropriate only in the presence of microbial infection, which is revealed by the method of taking analyzes with the mucosa. If the tests show a positive result, then after that the analysis for the resistance of microbes to medicines of antibacterial action must be submitted. Based on the results of all the results, a specific antibiotic is prescribed.

From this we can conclude: an antibiotic for inflammation of adenoids can be prescribed only after a positive result of the analysis for the presence of bacteria. If the result is negative, then there is no special sense in the use of antibiotics for adenoids.

In some situations, the use of antibiotics is practiced during the preparation of the patient for surgical intervention for the removal of adenoids. This appointment is appropriate in cases where the patient has foci of infection, which can give complications, accompanied by the spread of bacteria.

Antibiotic after removal of adenoids is prescribed to prevent complications of microbial etiology. In such a situation, the medicine is taken for a maximum of five to six days.

[3], [4], [5]

Release form

For the treatment of adenoids, the doctor can offer antibiotics in various dosage forms, even if the active component of the drug is the same:

• Liofilizate - a powder for the manufacture of liquid for injection. As a rule, it is produced in vials and is used for complicated and severe infectious lesions, when it is necessary to ensure a high concentration of antibiotic in a tissue in a short time.
• Tablets or capsules are used to treat children who can already swallow the drug themselves.
• Suspension for internal use is very convenient for giving a small child. The suspension can be given with a spoon or mixed with water or compote.
• Children's suppositories for rectal administration are suitable for treating both young children and older patients. Also can be used in cases where oral medication is not possible for some reason.
• Syrup - this form is especially easily perceived by children. Can be produced in the form of granules for the preparation of syrup, or as a ready-made product.

External forms - such as ointments or creams, are not used to treat adenoids.

Titles

If there is a need to prescribe an antibiotic for adenoids, then you need to consider which of the medications the patient used for treatment the day before, in order to avoid the development of "addictive". Most often the doctor chooses from the following list of antibiotics:

• Antibiotics penicillin series - most often are the drugs of choice in adenoids, because they are considered the most safe and effective:

1. Amoxicillin;
2. Flemoxin Solutab.

• The macrolide series of antibiotics possesses extensive antibacterial activity and can be prescribed with intolerance to penicillins:

1. Azithromycin;
2. Macropean.

• The cephalosporin series of antibiotics is the drug of the third choice group, when there is no possibility of treatment with penicillins and macrolides:

1. Panzef (Cefixime);
2. Zinnat.

[6], [7]

Antibiotic Fluimucil for inhalations

Immediately it is worth noting that the use of steam inhalations in adenoids is prohibited. Hot steam can provoke further proliferation of tissues, as well as lead to the appearance of purulent complications in the nasopharynx.

Among pharmacies for use in a nebulizer, the most suitable isotonic sodium chloride solution and alkaline mineral water. In addition, on the recommendation of a doctor, you can also use an antibiotic - for example, Fluimucil IT, with a significant inflammatory reaction.

It is necessary to clarify: many people confuse pharmacies similar in name Flumucil and Fluimucil Antibiotic IT. In fact, these are two completely different medicines:

• Fluimucil is a mucolytic agent that does not have any antibacterial activity and is used as an expectorant for coughing;
• Fluimucil Antibiotic IT - this is fundamentally another drug that refers to amphenicolam - antimicrobial agents of systemic action. It is this medication that can be prescribed for inhalation in adenoids. As a rule, it is used for 125-250 mg to twice a day (1-2 ml of solution per procedure).

Antibiotic Fluimucil IT can be prescribed only by a doctor: independent application can be dangerous.

[8]

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacological properties of antibiotics in adenoids can be considered by the example of the most popular drug in this direction - Amoxicillin. This drug represents a group of semisynthetic penicillins of a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, being a 4-hydroxyl analogue of the known Ampicillin.

Amoxicillin has a bactericidal effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes (staphylococcus, streptococcus, Neusheria, Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Klebsiella).

Resistant to the drug are considered bacteria that produce penicillinase.

Cross-resistance between antibiotics such as Amoxicillin and Ampicillin has been found.

The drug becomes more effective if it is combined with an inhibitor of clavulanic acid β-lactamases. This combination leads to an increase in Amoxicillin activity relative to bacteroides, legionella, nocardia, pseudomonas.

[9]

Pharmacokinetics

After ingestion, Amoxicillin is absorbed qualitatively in the digestive tract, without being damaged by gastric acid. Limit content in the serum is detected after 1-2 hours. If the dose is doubled, then the concentration also doubles.

General absorption is not dependent on whether there are food masses in the stomach.

After injection of the antibiotic in the bloodstream, similar concentrations of the drug are found.

The connection of Amoxicillin with plasma proteins is close to 20%.

The antibiotic is well distributed to tissues and liquid media in the body.

The term half-life can be 1-1.5 hours.

Approximately 60% of the total accepted dose leaves the body in unchanged form with urinary fluid by the method of glomerular filtration. A small amount of antibiotic is found in feces.

[10], [11], [12], [13], [14]

Dosing and administration

Antibiotics of penicillin series
Amoxicillin	Used to treat children with a five-year age of 250 mg three times a day. For children from 2 to 5 years, the dose is calculated taking into account the body weight: 20 mg of antibiotic per 1 kg.
Flemoxin Solutab	To treat children with a one-year-old age, 125 mg of antibiotic is used in the morning and evening. Children from six to 12 years - 250 mg in the morning and in the evening.
Macrolide antibiotics
Azithromycin	For the treatment of children under 12 years of age, a dose calculation using the formula 10 mg per kilogram of body weight is used.
Macropen	They are used to treat children from the age of three. The dose is calculated as 40 mg / kg per day (in three divided doses).
Cephalosporin antibiotics
Panzef	It is prescribed at the rate of 8 mg / kg per day, for one or two doses. It is not recommended for use in the treatment of children younger than six months.
Zinnat	It is prescribed for children from the age of three, 125 mg in the morning and in the evening. The drug is not used to treat children under three years old.

[18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24]

Antibiotics for adenoids in children

Of course, there is no need to hurry with the use of antibiotics for adenoids: too many side effects and negative reactions of the body can cause the usual antibacterial agent.

The main indications for antibiotic therapy can be:

• accession of microbial infection;
• a real risk of complications.

So, antibiotics the doctor can appoint or nominate at a secondary otitis, a tonsillitis, inflammatory processes in respiratory system.

It's no secret that the prolonged existence of adenoiditis can be complicated by heart disease, endocarditis, digestive system damage, rheumatism. With the wrong treatment can develop sinusitis, laryngotracheitis, bronchitis and even pneumonia.

Given this, the doctor can prescribe to a patient for the treatment of adenoids, not only local procedures in the form of irrigation, physiotherapy and the use of nasal drops, but also antibiotics.

Exclusively for the prevention of antibiotics for adenoids should not be used.

Antibiotics of penicillin series
Amoxicillin	Used to treat children with a five-year age of 250 mg three times a day. For children from 2 to 5 years, the dose is calculated taking into account the body weight: 20 mg of antibiotic per 1 kg.
Flemoxin Solutab	To treat children with a one-year-old age, 125 mg of antibiotic is used in the morning and evening. Children from six to 12 years - 250 mg in the morning and in the evening.
Macrolide antibiotics
Azithromycin	For the treatment of children under 12 years of age, a dose calculation using the formula 10 mg per kilogram of body weight is used.
Macropen	They are used to treat children from the age of three. The dose is calculated as 40 mg / kg per day (in three divided doses).
Cephalosporin antibiotics
Panzef	It is prescribed at the rate of 8 mg / kg per day, for one or two doses. It is not recommended for use in the treatment of children younger than six months.
Zinnat	It is prescribed for children from the age of three, 125 mg in the morning and in the evening. The drug is not used to treat children under three years old.

[25]

Use of the antibiotics for adenoids during pregnancy

Typically, adenoids are found in childhood - from three to seven years. Over the years, the size of the nasopharyngeal tonsil decreases, and lymphoid tissues are almost completely transformed into connective tissue by about 15 years. However, in some cases, the tonsil can continue to exist in adults.

If the adenoids were found in a woman during pregnancy, then most often the doctor takes a waiting attitude: the most radical method of treatment is the removal of adenoids, in the acute period is not practiced. Most likely, the doctor will recommend immunostimulating treatment, a diet to support and strengthen the body's defenses. Antibiotics for adenoids for the treatment of pregnant women can be prescribed only in extreme and very difficult situations.

Contraindications

Antibiotics for adenoids do not apply if there is no clearly defined indication for this.

In addition, antibiotics are inappropriate:

• with severe infections of the digestive tract, with increased sensitivity to penicillins and / or cephalosporins;
• at violations of hematopoiesis, with lymphocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis;
• with severe liver damage;
• at pregnancy and thoracal feeding of the kid.

[15],

Side effects of the antibiotics for adenoids

Antibiotics for adenoids can cause a number of negative symptoms:

• Allergies (skin rash, redness of the skin, swelling, allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis, joint pain).
• Development of superinfection, most often with low resistance of the body.
• Dizziness, fatigue, cramps, mood worsening, peripheral neuropathy.
• Nausea with bouts of vomiting, emaciation, diarrhea, difficulty in bowel movements, abdominal pain, stomatitis, inflammatory processes in the intestine.
• Jaundice, dermatitis.

[16], [17]

Overdose

An overdose of antibiotics in adenoids is most often accidental, and usually in children. This situation occurs when the dose of the medicine is illiterate, or if the doctor's prescriptions are not observed.

Virtually all doses of antibiotics used in pediatrics are calculated "per kilogram of body weight". Therefore, in particular, self-medication can lead to the most adverse consequences due to an improperly selected antibiotic or because of an incorrectly calculated amount.

What are the signs of an overdose of antibiotics in adenoids?

• Signs of general intoxication: fever, pain in the head, joints and muscles, indigestion, blood pressure jumps, tachycardia, increased sweating, impaired consciousness.
• Intoxication of the kidneys: violation of urination, signs of renal insufficiency.
• Intoxication of the liver: pain in the liver, jaundice, skin itching.

In case of an overdose, the child must call an "ambulance", clean the affected stomach, give sorbents and a large amount of water (with an overdose of oral medication).

[26], [27]

Interactions with other drugs

Medicamentous interactions in antibiotics in adenoids may be different. For example, when combined use of aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, Cycloserin, Vancomycin, Rifampicin and Amoxicillin, synergism is found. When a combination of macrolides, Chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides with Amoxicillin, antagonistic action is observed.

Amoxicillin can enhance the effect of indirect anticoagulants, inhibiting the development of intestinal microflora, and also worsen the production of vitamin K and lower the prothrombin index.

Amoxicillin reduces the effectiveness of medications, with the metabolism of which forms PABC.

The concentration of Amoxicillin in the bloodstream may increase under the influence of diuretics, Allopurinol, Probenecid, Phenylbutazone, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Absorption Amoxicillin improves under the influence of vitamin C, and worsens under the influence of anti-acid or laxatives, aminoglycosides, glucosamine.

[28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]

Storage conditions

Antibiotics, which are used in adenoids, it is recommended to store in rooms with a temperature of not more than + 25 ° C, in places difficult to reach for children.

If the antibiotic is a prepared suspension, then it is stored only in a refrigerator, keeping the temperature regime from +2 to +8 ° C.

[34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]

Shelf life

Antibiotics are traditionally retained for three years, subject to appropriate conditions, but this term is better defined in the instructions that are attached to a particular medication.

Self-prepared suspension can be stored for no more than a week in a refrigerator.

[40], [41], [42], [43], [44]

Reviews

Should I use antibiotics to treat adenoids? Only the doctor can answer this question, and even then only on the basis of the results of the analyzes. Such analyzes can be the sowing of swabs from the nasopharynx and the assessment of the sensitivity of bacteria to antibacterial drugs. Independently by the patient or his parents the decision on antibiotic therapy is not accepted.

Of course, if there is a bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract, then antibiotics can not be avoided. And, if you believe the reviews, this treatment in most cases really helps. But the antibiotic should be picked up by the doctor, and the patient's task is to take the drug, strictly adhering to the medical purpose.

If antibiotics are taken incorrectly or inappropriate in adenoids, then such treatment can lead to the directly opposite action: adenoid enlargement will only increase, and the problem will be solved only surgically.