Drugs for thrombophlebitis

Thrombophlebitis is an insidious vascular disease in which thrombi form in the veins, and an inflammatory process occurs. The disease is quite common, so many are interested in the question of which drugs for thrombophlebitis are the most effective.

It should be noted immediately that such drugs should be taken only after consultation with the doctor:

• agents that help to dissolve thrombus;
• means preventing thrombosis.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Indications for use

Drugs for thrombophlebitis appoint:

• with inflammation of the venous walls and increased thrombosis;
• with phlebitis, thrombosis;
• with varicose veins;
• with ulcerous lesions of the skin due to varicose veins;
• with thrombotic complications after surgical interventions on vessels (after sclerotherapy or resection of venous nodes);
• with injuries of muscles, vessels, tendons;
• with traumatic subcutaneous hemorrhages (hematomas);
• with chronic venous insufficiency, trophic disorders in varicose veins;
• with hemorrhoids;
• atherosclerosis (as an additional treatment).

It is justified to use drugs for thrombophlebitis in postthrombophlebitic disease, when the operation is not possible, and the process can move to the underlying recanalized venous vessels.

Form of issue

Drugs for thrombophlebitis can be designed for external and internal use. As a rule, the application of medicines to the skin is often combined with oral administration of drugs - this significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment.

External medicinal products can be presented in the form of ointments, creams, gels.

Means for ingestion are tablets, capsules, drops and dragees.

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Pharmacodynamics of drugs for thrombophlebitis

Anticoagulant drugs are medicines that prevent the formation of fibrin and prevent the formation of blood clots. In addition, such drugs inhibit the progression of already formed thrombi, and also increase fibrinolytic activity.

By the mechanism and duration of exposure, anticoagulants are divided into direct and indirect drugs.

Drugs of direct action are drugs that directly affect the blood coagulation system. The main components of such drugs are heparin, hirudin, sodium hydrocitrate. These components can block the biological production of thrombin, inhibit the formation of fibrin, reduce platelet aggregation, weaken the action of hyaluronidase. External use of such drugs has antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous effects. Local irritation of the skin during application is not observed.

Preparations of indirect action can disrupt the production of coagulation factors. The effect of such drugs is observed only when they enter the body, since they do not act directly on the blood, but affect the coagulation through a certain chain of biological and chemical reactions occurring in the liver. As a result of this influence, thrombin formation is inhibited.

In addition to anticoagulants, thrombophlebitis can be prescribed drugs such as antiaggregants (counteract the activity and aggregation of platelets) and fibrinolytic (destroy fibrin, which is the basis of the blood clot).

Pharmacokinetics of drugs for thrombophlebitis

Anticoagulants are perfectly adsorbed by the digestive system. With the circulation of blood, substances pass to the liver and other organs, where their metabolism occurs. The duration of action, half-life and the rate of absorption of drugs can be different. Excretion from the body is through the kidneys, which contributes to giving the urine a pink hue.

Antiaggregants are fully absorbed in the digestive tract. Regardless of the form of the drug, the active substance is completely excreted as metabolites through the urinary system or with feces.

Fibrinolytics affect for several hours, and their effect can be preserved even after removing the drugs from the body. Nevertheless, the half-life of fibrinolytics is very short: streptokinase - 23 minutes, urokinase - 20 minutes, prourokinase - 4 minutes.

For more precise information on pharmacokinetic properties, see the instructions for the specific preparation.

Names of drugs for thrombophlebitis

There are many options for treating thrombophlebitis, and among them, medication therapy plays an important role. The doctor decides which of the medicines to prescribe. The patient should have an idea of the most common means used to eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of the disease, as well as the standard way of using and dosing such medications.

Drugs for thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities:

• Gepatrombin ointment is a complex agent with antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. Designed for outdoor use. The active ingredient is heparin, a well-known anticoagulant, which prevents the formation of blood clots. Additional substances are allantoin (metabolic stimulant, anti-inflammatory component) and dexpanthenol (a stimulant for the assimilation of heparin, an activator of granulation and reduction). Ointment should be applied to the skin over the lesion site up to 3 times a day, neatly, without excessive friction. Can be applied directly to the skin, or in the form of dressings impregnated with the drug. Duration of treatment is individual.
• Lyoton 1000 is an antithrombotic external gel that effectively removes edema, eliminates inflammation, prevents thrombosis. The drug contains sodium heparin. The gel should be evenly and gently rubbed into the skin from 1 to 3 times a day. Can be used for a long time.
• Heparin ointment, gel - a direct anticoagulant, which accelerates the antifoaming effect of antithrombin. Penetrating through the skin the substance acts against inflammation, stimulates local blood circulation and tissue metabolism, reduces the severity of edema. Ointment or gel is used externally, 2 or 3 times a day, until signs of inflammation (about 5-7 days) are eliminated.
• Venen (Doctor Tais Venen gel) - venotonizing external preparation on a plant basis, reducing capillary permeability, removing puffiness and eliminating inflammation. The composition of the preparation is represented by extracts from calendula and horse chestnut seed. The gel should be applied in the morning and at night, gently massaging the skin. Also Venen is available in the form of a dragee for oral administration (2 units three times a day, then - on the recommendation of a doctor).

Drugs for varicose veins and thrombophlebitis

• Troxerutin is a venotonic bioflavonoid drug that protects vessels from damage. Reduces the permeability of the vascular wall, facilitates local blood circulation, eliminates swelling. When varicose disease is recommended for use, both at early and late stages of the pathology. Often, troxerutin is prescribed in combination with vitamin C, which greatly enhances the effect of the drug. The product is available as an external gel (Vramed, Vetprom) and oral capsules (Zentiva). The gel is used in the morning and at bedtime, rubbing to dry skin, or laying under the bandage. Capsules are taken during meals. The standard scheme of admission is 1 capsule 3 times a day, and for prevention - 2 times a day.
• Troxevasin is a derivative of the routine used in the treatment of chronic varicose veins. The drug increases vascular tone, strengthens the walls of blood vessels. After the course of treatment, discomfort and severity disappear, swelling is removed, tissue nutrition is facilitated. Produced Throxevasin in the form of capsules (with meals 1-2 capsules per day for 20-30 days) or gel (topically in the morning and at bedtime).
• Indovazin is a complex drug based on the action of the active ingredients indomethacin and troxerutin. After application to the skin, the drug eliminates edema, soreness and normalizes the local temperature, tones the vessels and protects the small capillaries from damage. The duration of treatment with Indovazine is no more than 10 days. Do not use gel to treat children under 14 years old.
• Tenflex is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug based on benzidamine hydrochloride. Eliminates leg pain and inflammation in varicose dilated veins. Available in the form of a spray and 0.15% solution for external application (1-2 times a day).

[11], [12], [13], [14]

Medications for Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis

• Indobufen is a drug that prevents platelet adhesion and the formation of a blood clot. It is prescribed after eating 1-2 tablets a day. Is an analogue of the drug Ibustrin.
• Warfarin is an indirect coagulant, a drug that inhibits blood clotting. The action of the drug inhibits the function of vitamin K, which significantly reduces the risk of blood clots. Tablets are taken 2 times a day, washed down with liquid, in the intervals between meals. Treatment can last for a long time (often six months and a year), with the optimal amount of the drug selected individually.
• Cardiomagnet - a drug of combined action, which includes acetylsalicylic acid and magnesium hydroxide. As you know, acetylsalicylic acid has long been used to dilute blood, moreover, this remedy perfectly eliminates inflammation and lowers the temperature. In this magnesium hydroxide reduces the irritating effect of aspirin on the gastric mucosa, thereby preventing some side effects of the drug. Tablets can be broken, grind - this property does not change the drug. Use Cardiomagnesium, regardless of the meal, in the amount of 1-2 tablets per day. The duration of treatment is determined individually.
• Dipiridamole - a drug that used to be used only with angina and other heart diseases. However, after the ability of this agent to block the formation of the blood clot was discovered, dipyridamole was successfully used to prevent thromboses, including deep veins of the lower limbs. The drug is taken orally 1 tablet three times a day. Duration of treatment can vary from 2-3 weeks to six months.
• Tromboneet is an effective drug based on the substance clopidogrel. It is used for the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboses. Prescribe the drug most often at 75 mg per day at a time, regardless of food intake. The course of treatment is up to 1 year.

As you can see, there are a lot of drugs that are used to treat thrombophlebitis. And the drugs listed by us are not a complete list of such drugs. How to choose the best medicine for thrombophlebitis?

If the doctor does not insist on the operation and believes that in your case it is enough to use medicines, then the question of choosing a medicine should be addressed only to him. Only the doctor knows your specific situation:

• stage of the disease;
• prescription of pathology;
• the degree of clotting and the risk of developing thrombosis;
• condition of venous vessels and their possibilities;
• the level of platelets, fibrinogen in the blood (test results);
• your lifestyle, your eating habits and your bad habits, and so on.

Perhaps, the doctor will advise you to apply complex treatment with several drugs. Often this is quite effective: simultaneous use of external agents and preparations for internal reception.

If you notice that for a few weeks of treatment the medication you prescribed does not help, then consult a doctor - he will replace the drug with another, more effective.

Use during pregnancy

Most often, drugs that dilute blood are not recommended for admission during the period of bearing a child. Especially it concerns the third trimester of pregnancy. This is due to the high risk of bleeding in a pregnant woman, for example, during labor.

If the doctor still prescribed medications for thrombophlebitis, then their administration should be done under careful medical supervision, with regular delivery of tests to determine the degree of blood coagulation.

In breast feeding, the use of such drugs is also undesirable, since in most cases studies of the effect of antithrombotic drugs on the infant have not been conducted. The consequences of such treatment for the child are unknown.

Contraindications for use

External drugs for thrombophlebitis can have the following contraindications:

• individual susceptibility to allergy to any of the constituents of the drug;
• hemophilia;
• idiopathic form of thrombocytopenic purpura;
• significant degree of thrombocytopenia;
• ulcers and areas of necrosis in the area affected by thrombophlebitis;
• bleeding of any location;
• trauma and damage to the skin in the place of applying ointments and gels.

Preparations for oral administration also have their contraindications:

• excessive sensitivity of the body to the ingredients of the drug;
• period of pregnancy (especially the first trimester);
• stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer, acute gastritis;
• kidney failure;
• children and senile age;
• recent trauma with a tendency to bleeding.

Before taking the drug, carefully read the instructions to him: this list of contraindications may be incomplete.

[8], [9], [10]

Side effects

Diseases from the skin:

• rashes;
• itching sites;
• red spots on the skin;
• edema;
• burning;
• small hemorrhages;

Allergic manifestations:

• local reactions of hypersensitivity;
• general allergic phenomena, up to Quincke's edema.

In some cases, temporary redness of the skin on the face, tachycardia is possible.

If any side effects occur, be sure to consult a doctor.

Overdose

With external use, an overdose of drugs is unlikely. Information on the reactions associated with accidental ingestion of topical agents is not available. If signs of excessive action of the drug are still evident, then symptomatic treatment is used.

If ingested, an overdose may result in increased side effects, although no reliable cases and reports of excess dosage with thrombophlebitis medications have been observed. If this does happen, then it is advisable to use gastric lavage and the use of enterosorbent drugs.

There is no special antidote.

Interactions with other drugs

As a rule, simultaneous reception of drugs for thrombophlebitis with the following drugs can trigger a number of effects:

• with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - increased hypocoagulation, risk of bleeding;
• with sleeping pills - weakening of anticoagulant effect, risk of thrombus formation;
• with cimetidine - increased risk of bleeding.

Anticoagulant drugs for oral administration in combination with heparin-containing external agents may induce prolongation of the prothrombin index.

Storage conditions and shelf life

Drugs for external use are stored in a cool place, without removing from the original packaging. Do not allow the heating and freezing of gels and ointments from thrombophlebitis.

Preparations for oral administration are usually stored at room temperature, in places hard to reach for children.

The shelf-life of medicines may be different, so carefully read the instructions for the drugs.

Many of the medicines can be purchased at the pharmacy without a prescription. However, a doctor should prescribe a cure for thrombophlebitis: self-medication can aggravate the disease and worsen the prognosis.