Zanitro

The Indian corporation Mark Biosains Ltd presented the medicinal product for the treatment of protozoal infections - Ornidazole (this is its international name). A wonderful antibacterial agent, which in our pharmacies can be bought under the name Zanitro.

Infection. On it it is necessary, perhaps, the greatest percent of diseases. In my opinion, there is not a single person on Earth who does not have any infectious disease at least once in his life. Particularly "annoying" us pathogenic flora, with which the drug Zanitro is called to fight is an effective antibacterial agent. It is only necessary to remember one important rule that all medications should be attributed to a doctor. Only a specialist is able to correctly diagnose and select an adequate treatment. Do not engage in self-medication - it can cost you your health, and maybe life. 

Indications of the zanitro

Biochemistry itself, with its orientation, makes it possible to determine the area that limits the indications for the use of Zanitro.

• Giardiasis is the pathology of the digestive organs caused by parasitic protozoa (lamblia) and affects, more often than not, the small intestine and liver.
• Amoebic dysentery (intestinal amebiasis) is a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a dysentery amoeba. Acute, severe stage of the disease.
• All extraintestinal amoebiasis.
• Abscess of the liver.
• Anaerobic systemic infections:

• Meningitis - inflammation of the arachnoid and soft membranes of the brain and spinal cord.
• Postpartum sepsis (acute infectious disease, which is caused by penetration into the blood and tissues of pyogenic microorganisms (toxins)).
• Peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum).
• Septicemia (blood poisoning).
• Septic abortion is the most severe complication that can occur when a pregnancy is interrupted.
• Infections entered into the wound channel during or after surgery.
• Endometritis (an inflammatory process that takes place in the mucous membrane of the endometrium of the uterus).

• Preventive drug entry Zanitro allows you to prevent the development of infections of anaerobic genesis. This is especially true in the so-called "purulent surgery", where the probability of infection is quite high (for example, surgery on the colon and rectum, as well as gynecological interventions).

Release form

The presented drug, with the active ingredient ornidazole, is manufactured by the Indian pharmaceutical company Mark Biosains Ltd in the form of a solution that is used for injection through a dropper. This is the only form of release of this medication.

Pharmacodynamics

The principle of the drug is based on the mechanism of its active substance, ornidazole. Pharmacodynamics Zanitro is manifested in the destruction of the structural DNA network of anaerobic bacteria, which are able to react sensitively to it. Ornidazole actively behaves towards microorganisms such as Giardia lamblia (Giardiaintestinalis), Trichomonas vaginalis, Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium spp. Peptostreptococcus spp., Strains of Eubacterium spp

Ornidazole is easily introduced into the cell of the pathogenic flora and breaks the structure of its DNA, blocking the process of self-replication (replication).

Pharmacokinetics

The active substance ornidazole easily and quickly gets into both dense cellular tissues, and into the cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, bile. For him, both blood-brain and placental filters are not an obstacle. Pharmacokinetics Zanitro is such that the maximum content of the drug in the patient's blood plasma (usually 18-26 μg / ml) is maintained in the admission regimen: a starting dose of 15 mg per kilogram of the patient's weight, the subsequent administration (every six hours) involves a dosage reduction of up to 7, 5 mg per one kilogram of weight.

Metabolism of the drug Zanitro largely depends on the pathology, the severity of its manifestation, as well as on the specific characteristics of the patient's body. According to observations, about 30-60% of the incoming medical product is metabolized in the human body.

Due to the active characteristic of the pharmacokinetics of Zanitro, ornidazole is excreted from the human body mainly through the kidneys with urine. This is about 60-80% of the total amount administered. Approximately 20% of it leaves the body in an unchanged form. About 6-15% Zanitro is excreted through the intestine with fecal masses.

Dosing and administration

If the doctor attributed Zanitro during the treatment, the method of administration and dose are appointed, breaking down into age categories and groups of bacteria that caused the infectious disease. The solution itself is injected into the vein of the patient quite slowly, for 15-30 minutes.

In the case of diagnosis of dysentery of amoebic genesis, which is observed in a sufficiently severe form, or in any other form of amoebiasis of extraintestinal localization to adults and adolescents who are already twelve, the starting dosage is administered in an amount of 500-1000 mg. During the second and subsequent injections, the dose is slightly reduced to 500 mg. It is dripped with an interval of twelve hours. The duration of the course of treatment is three to six days.

To children who have not reached 12 years boundary, the daily dosage is carried on two droppers. The quantitative component is obtained from the calculation of 20-30 mg per one kilogram of the child's weight.

If anaerobic infection is differentiated, for the first age category (over twelve years old), the starting amount of the drug is prescribed from 500 to 1000 mg Zanitro. Further infusion is carried out with a half-day break at a dosage of 500 mg, or once a day (while maintaining this time interval), with an infusion of 1 g of the drug. The duration of the treatment course is five to ten days. When stabilizing the patient's health, it is better to change the form of taking and go to tablets (one piece (500 mg dose) after 12 hours), in which the active substance is ornidazole.

Babies who have not reached the age of twelve, but weigh more than six kilograms, dosage per day is carried on two droppers. The quantitative component is obtained from the calculation of 20 mg per one kilogram of the body weight of the child. The duration of the treatment course is from five to ten days. 

To carry out preventive measures of anaerobic infections in the planning of surgical intervention, it is necessary to take from 500 to 1000 mg Zanitro 30 minutes prior to surgery (the dose is determined by the physician based on clinical indications). If a different infection was diagnosed together, then the active substance ornidazole is administered in combination with other medications, and they should be taken strictly separately, depending on the time.

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Use of the zanitro during pregnancy

The conducted studies and clinical monitoring showed that the use of Zanitro during pregnancy and lactation is unsafe. It is especially not recommended to use this drug in the first trimester of pregnancy. If there was a medical need for its introduction into the medical process during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, then Zanitro should be taken only at the prescription of his attending physician and under his constant supervision. 

Due to the ease with which ornidazole penetrates all tissue structures and including the mother's breast milk, do not take this medication during lactation. But in the case of absolute indications, at the time of medication, it is advisable to stop breastfeeding.

Doctors do not recommend using Zanitro and in the treatment of anaerobic systemic infections in toddlers weighing less than six kilograms.

Contraindications

Contraindications to the use of Zanitro are insignificant and are reduced to the following reasons:

• Individual hypersensitivity to the constituent components of the drug.
• Disseminated atherosclerosis.
• Diseases of the central nervous system of organic origin.
• Alcoholism in chronic form.
• Epilepsy is a chronic inflammatory process that occurs in the human cerebral cortex, the main symptoms of which are rare and sudden, epileptic seizures that occur for a short time.
• Disturbances in the circulatory system.

Side effects of the zanitro

In the process of taking the drug with the active substance of ornidazole, a certain percentage of patients experienced side effects of Zanitro, which were reduced to such symptoms:

• Puffiness and small plaque on the tongue.
• Unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth.
• Taken liver tests show the changes that have occurred.
• Dyspepsia (indigestion, nausea).
• The appearance of heaviness and painful manifestations in the epigastric region.
• Fast fatiguability.
• Ataxia is a mismatch in the coordination of voluntary movements in the absence of muscle weakness.
• Drowsiness.
• Dizziness and headache.
• Neuropathy is the result of damage to the nerves of the peripheral nervous system.
• Cramps and tremors.
• Short-term loss of consciousness.
• Itching and rash on the skin.
• An easy form of leukopenia (a decrease in the quantitative content of leukocytes in peripheral blood.)
• Mismatches in the work of the cardiovascular system.

Overdose

Before you abuse any medication, you must carefully read the instructions, which must necessarily be applied to a medical product. The administration of Zanitro amounts above the clinically valid dosage can lead to undesirable consequences - a so-called overdose of the drug is obtained. In its manifestations, it gives such symptoms.

• There may be a headache and dizziness.
• Short-term loss of consciousness.
• There is tremor and convulsions.
• With a weak stomach, dyspeptic disorders are possible.

Treatment is purely symptomatic, since there is no specific antidote for overdose with ornidazole.

In the case of a course of treatment with the application of Zanitro, for this time it is not necessary to get behind the wheel of the car or to start working, which requires a great concentration of attention and quick response. 

Interactions with other drugs

It is very cautious to take any medicine with a protocol of treatment with monotherapy, but it is much more difficult with this in the case of complex treatment with the appointment of two or more medications simultaneously. The interaction of Zanitro with other drugs has not been studied so thoroughly, and the results of monitoring are quite small.

For example, it is known that the use of indirect anticoagulants together with ornidazole strengthens the pharmacodynamics of the first, which requires a change in the quantitative component of both, one and the other medication. Zanitro has a positive effect on vecuronium bromide, strengthening and stretching in time its biochemical effects.

It is not necessary to mix the considered agent with other solutions for injections.

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Storage conditions

The drug should be stored in a place inaccessible to children and adolescents. It can not freeze and at the same time, the room temperature should not exceed 25 ^to C Zanitro storage conditions are not complicated, but not to lose the high efficiency of the drug, they must adhere to.

Shelf life

Two years - this is the expiration date of the medicine. Carefully follow the date on the packaging. In the case when the expiration date of Zanitro has expired, its further use is not recommended.