Zanitro

The Indian corporation Mark Bioscience Ltd. has introduced a drug for the treatment of protozoan infections to the pharmaceutical market – Ornidazole (this is its international name). An excellent antibacterial drug, which can be bought in our pharmacies under the name Zanitro.

Infection. It probably accounts for the largest percentage of diseases. In my opinion, there is not a single person on Earth who has not suffered from some infectious disease at least once in his life. Pathogenic flora is especially “annoying” us, which is what the drug Zanitro is designed to fight - an effective antibacterial agent. You just need to remember one important rule - all medications must be prescribed by a doctor. Only a specialist can correctly diagnose and select adequate treatment. Do not self-medicate - it can cost you your health, and maybe even your life.

Indications Zanitro

Biochemistry itself, with its focus, allows us to determine the area that limits the indications for the use of Zanitro.

• Giardiasis is a pathology of the digestive organs caused by parasitic protozoa (giardia) and most often affecting the small intestine and liver.
• Amebic dysentery (intestinal amebiasis) is a gastrointestinal tract disease caused by the dysenteric amoeba. Acute, severe stage of the disease.
• All extraintestinal types of amebiasis.
• Liver abscess.
• Anaerobic systemic infections:

• Meningitis is an inflammation of the arachnoid and pia mater of the brain and spinal cord.
• Postpartum sepsis (an acute infectious disease caused by the penetration of pyogenic microorganisms (toxins) into the blood and tissues).
• Peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum).
• Septicemia (blood poisoning).
• Septic abortion is the most severe complication that can occur during pregnancy termination.
• Infections introduced into the wound channel during or after surgery.
• Endometritis (an inflammatory process occurring in the mucous membrane of the uterine endometrium).

• Preventive administration of the drug Zanitro allows preventing the development of infections of anaerobic genesis. This is especially relevant in the so-called "purulent surgery", where the probability of infection is quite high (for example, operations on the colon and rectum, as well as gynecological interventions).

Release form

The presented drug, with the active substance ornidazole, is produced by the Indian pharmaceutical company Mark Bioscience Ltd. in the form of a solution, which is used for administration through a dropper. This is the only form of release of this drug.

Pharmacodynamics

The principle of action of the drug is based on the mechanism of its active substance ornidazole. The pharmacodynamics of Zanitro is manifested in the destruction of the structural network of DNA of anaerobic bacteria, which are able to react sensitively to it. Ornidazole is active in relation to such microorganisms as Giardia lamblia (Giardiaintestinalis), Trichomonas vaginalis, Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium spp. Peptostreptococcus spp., strains of Eubacterium spp.

Ornidazole is quite easily introduced into the cell of pathogenic flora and disrupts the structure of its DNA, blocking the process of self-reproduction (replication).

Pharmacokinetics

The active substance ornidazole easily and quickly penetrates both dense cellular tissues and cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, and bile. Hematoencephalic and placental filters are not an obstacle for it. The pharmacokinetics of Zanitro is such that the maximum content of the drug in the patient's blood plasma (usually 18-26 mcg/ml) is maintained with the following dosage regimen: starting dose of 15 mg per kilogram of the patient's weight, subsequent administration (every six hours) involves reducing the dosage to 7.5 mg per kilogram of weight.

The metabolism of the drug Zanitro largely depends on the pathology, the severity of its manifestation, as well as on the specific characteristics of the patient's body. According to observations, approximately 30-60% of the incoming medicine is metabolized in the human body.

Due to the active pharmacokinetics of Zanitro, ornidazole is excreted from the human body mainly through the kidneys with urine. This is about 60-80% of the total administered amount of the drug. Approximately 20% of it leaves the body unchanged. About 6-15% of Zanitro is excreted through the intestines with feces.

Dosing and administration

If the doctor prescribed Zanitro during treatment, the method of application and doses are prescribed, divided into age categories and groups of bacteria that caused the infectious disease. The solution itself is injected into the patient's vein quite slowly, over 15-30 minutes.

In case of diagnosis of dysentery of amoebic genesis, observed in a rather severe form, or in any other form of amoebiasis of extraintestinal localization, adults and adolescents who have already turned twelve, the starting dosage is administered in the amount of 500-1000 mg. During the second and subsequent injections, the dose is slightly reduced to 500 mg. It is administered dropwise at intervals of twelve hours. The duration of the course of treatment is three to six days.

For children under 12 years of age, the daily dosage is divided into two droppers. The quantitative component is calculated at 20-30 mg per kilogram of the child's weight.

If anaerobic infection is differentiated, for the first age category (over twelve years), the starting dose of the drug is prescribed from 500 to 1000 mg of Zanitro. Then the infusion is carried out with a break of half a day at a dosage of 500 mg, or once a day (keeping this period of time), at an infusion of 1 g of the drug. The duration of the treatment course is five to ten days. When the patient's health stabilizes, it is better to change the form of administration and switch to tablets (one piece (500 mg dosage) every 12 hours), in which the active substance is ornidazole.

For children under twelve years of age but weighing more than six kilograms, the daily dosage is divided into two droppers. The quantitative component is calculated at 20 mg per kilogram of the child's body weight. The duration of the treatment course is from five to ten days.

To carry out preventive measures against anaerobic infections when planning a surgical intervention, it is necessary to take 500 to 1000 mg of Zanitro 30 minutes before the operation (the dose is determined by the doctor based on clinical indications). If various infections were diagnosed together, the active substance ornidazole is administered in combination with other medications, while they must be taken strictly separately, spaced out over time.

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Use Zanitro during pregnancy

The conducted studies and clinical monitoring have shown that the use of Zanitro during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unsafe. It is especially not recommended to use this drug in the first trimester of pregnancy. If there is a medical need to introduce it into the treatment process during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, then Zanitro should be taken only as prescribed by your doctor and under his constant supervision.

Due to the ease with which ornidazole penetrates into all tissue structures, including breast milk, this drug should not be taken during lactation. However, in case of absolute indications, it is advisable to stop breastfeeding for the duration of the drug administration.

Doctors do not recommend using Zanitro in the treatment of anaerobic systemic infections in children weighing less than six kilograms.

Contraindications

Contraindications to the use of Zanitro are minor and come down to the following reasons:

• Individual hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
• Multiple atherosclerosis.
• Diseases of the central nervous system of organic origin.
• Chronic alcoholism.
• Epilepsy is a chronic inflammatory process occurring in the human cerebral cortex, the main symptoms of which are epileptic seizures that occur rarely and suddenly and last for a short time.
• Disorders of the circulatory system.

Side effects Zanitro

During the process of taking the drug with the active substance ornidazole, a certain percentage of patients experienced side effects of Zanitro, which were reduced to the following symptoms:

• Swelling and slight coating on the tongue.
• Unpleasant taste in the mouth.
• Liver function tests taken show the changes that have occurred.
• Dyspepsia (digestive system disorder, nausea).
• The appearance of heaviness and painful manifestations in the epigastric region.
• Rapid fatigue.
• Ataxia is a lack of coordination of voluntary movements in the absence of muscle weakness.
• Drowsiness.
• Dizziness and headache.
• Neuropathy is the result of damage to the nerves of the peripheral nervous system.
• Convulsions and tremors.
• Brief loss of consciousness.
• Itching and rash on the skin.
• Mild form of leukopenia (decrease in the number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood.)
• Disorders in the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

Overdose

Before you start taking any medication, you must carefully read the instructions that are necessarily attached to the drug. The introduction of a quantity of Zanitro higher than the clinically justified dosage can lead to undesirable consequences - the so-called drug overdose. In its manifestations, it gives such symptoms.

• Headache and dizziness may occur.
• Brief loss of consciousness.
• Tremors and convulsions appear.
• With a weak stomach, dyspeptic disorders are possible.

Treatment is carried out purely symptomatically, since there is currently no specific antidote for ornidazole overdose.

If you are undergoing a course of treatment using Zanitro, you should not drive a car or engage in work that requires high concentration and quick response.

Interactions with other drugs

It is necessary to take any medicine very carefully in the treatment protocol with monotherapy, but it is much more difficult with this in the case of complex treatment with the appointment of two or more medications at the same time. The interaction of Zanitro with other drugs has not been studied so thoroughly, and the monitoring results are quite few.

For example, it is known that taking indirect anticoagulants together with ornidazole enhances the pharmacodynamics of the former, which requires a change in the quantitative component of both drugs. Zanitro has a positive effect on vecuronium bromide, enhancing and extending its biochemical effect in time.

The drug in question should not be mixed with other injection solutions.

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Storage conditions

The medicine in question must be stored in a place inaccessible to children and teenagers. It must not be frozen and at the same time the room temperature must not exceed 25 ^o C. The storage conditions for Zanitro are not complicated, but in order not to lose the high efficiency of the drug, they must be followed.

Shelf life

Two years is the expiration date of the medicine. Carefully follow the date indicated on the package. If the expiration date of Zanitro has expired, its further use is not recommended.