Ventolin for inhalations for children and adults

The drug Ventolin for inhalations is part of the group of drugs for symptomatic therapy of respiratory diseases and refers to bronchodilators of selective beta-adrenostimulators.

Synonyms of Ventolin, containing the same active component in their composition, are preparations with such trade names as: Salbutamol, Salbumol, Salvobent, Salamol, Albuterol, Aloprol, Asmatol, Ventilan, Proventil, Ekovent.

Indications of the ventolin for inhalations

Ventolin has the following indications for use:

• chronic and recurrent bronchitis (obstructive, allergic, asthmatic, atopic);
• bronchial asthma and asthmatic status;
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
• emphysema of the lungs with bronchospasm.

The drug is recommended for rapid relief of attacks of bronchial asthma and attacks of suffocation with cough and dyspnea associated with bronchial obstruction in their inflammation.

Release form

This product is available in the following forms: Ventolin aerosol for inhalation and aerosol Ventolin Evohaler (in cylinders with a dispenser); Ventolin Nebulas for inhalations in the form of a solution in plastic ampoules containing 2.5 mg of salbutamol sulfate and 2.5 ml of saline.

[1]

Pharmacodynamics

Due to the effect of active substance sulfate salbutamol Ventolin for inhalation relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi, resulting in their expansion and cessation of spasms.

Pharmacodynamics of salbutamol is provided by its stimulating effect on membrane beta2 receptors of epinephrine of smooth muscle cells of terminal and respiratory bronchioles. This leads to activation of adenylate cyclase in the cells of the transmembrane enzyme and an increase in the synthesis of cyclic 3'-5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which mediates and enhances the signal interaction of the cells. Due to the increase in intracellular concentrations of cAMP, protein kinase A is activated which inhibits the regulating activity of intracellular energy metabolism. Myosin-contractile protein phosphorylation in smooth muscle cells cells Simultaneously, the concentration of positively charged calcium ions in cells decreases.

The result is a rapid relaxation of the smooth muscles of all the airways, from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles, and the expansion of their lumen.

Elevated concentrations of cAMP also inhibit the release of mediators (prostaglandins, IgE, histamine) from mast cells in the respiratory tract. Therefore, bronchodilators based on salbutamol reduce edema of the bronchi, reduce inflammation and promote an increase in mucociliary clearance.

[2], [3], [4], [5]

Pharmacokinetics

Not more than four times the dose of sprayed and inhaled Ventolin (an aerosol or solution for inhalation) falls into the bronchi and lungs, and three quarters of the drug settles on the above located mucous membranes. Despite this, the bronchodilator effect of the drug manifests itself within 15 minutes and lasts 3-5 hours.

Salbutamol penetrates into the blood; mean peak plasma concentrations of approximately 3 ng / ml (using Ventolin Evochaler aerosol with HFA 134a propellant). The potential half-life of salbutamol from the plasma is approximately 4 hours.

The drug undergoes biotransformation with hepatic enzymes to phenolic sulfuric acid compounds, most of which are eliminated by the kidneys. The process of excretion of metabolites after a single dose of Ventolin for inhalations lasts about three days.

[6], [7], [8], [9]

Dosing and administration

Aerosol Ventolin and Ventolin Nebula solution are for inhalation use only.

The solution of Ventolin Nebula already contains saline solution, so it is not necessary to dilute it. How to dilute Ventolin for inhalations, if on the recommendation of a doctor it is necessary to increase their one-time duration? It is recommended to use 2-3 ml of 0.9% saline for this purpose.

The standard single dose of Ventolin sprayed with a nebulizer is 2.5 mg, the maximum dose is 5 mg. The optimal number of inhalations is no more than four times during the day. In severe airway obstruction, an increase in the daily dose of 6-8 times and an increase in the number of inhalations are permissible.

A single dose of Ventolin for inhalations for children is 0.1-0.2 mg (no more than two sprays at a time); up to four inhalations per day.

Ventolin for inhalations for children

As noted in the official instruction, to use Ventolin for inhalations for children under two years is contraindicated.

Ventolin solution for inhalation is used with a nebulizer. To facilitate coordination of spraying and inhalation, an aerosol Ventolin Evohaler with a dispenser is intended.

Especially for children there is a spacer (auxiliary device for inhalation), in this case - beebihaler.

[18], [19]

Use of the ventolin for inhalations during pregnancy

During pregnancy, Ventolin should be used only in cases of extreme need. This drug penetrates the placenta (as evidenced by an increase in the heart rate of the fetus) and has an effect on the fetus category C (FDA). This means that animal reproduction studies have shown a teratogenic effect on the fetus, but no adequate clinical studies have been used during pregnancy in women.

Contraindications

Use Ventolin for inhalations is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to salbutamol or auxiliary components of the drug.

Clinical studies have shown that inhalations of Ventoline and other beta-adrenergic agonists can have a significant cardiovascular effect, for this reason, their use in chronic heart failure and arterial hypo or hypertension requires caution.

Relative contraindications include hyperthyroidism and the presence of a pheochromocytoma in an anamnesis.

[10], [11], [12]

Side effects of the ventolin for inhalations

Possible side effects when using Ventolin for inhalations include:

• a feeling of discomfort in the chest;
• dizziness and nausea;
• rash, hives, angioedema;
• decrease or increase in blood pressure:
• increased heart rate;
• tremors and convulsions;
• excitement and insomnia.

With prolonged use of beta-adrenostimulators, the level of potassium decreases and the blood glucose level increases.

[13], [14], [15], [16], [17]

Overdose

In case of an overdose of salbutamol, blood pressure decreases, the heart rate increases, an arrhythmia occurs, vomiting occurs, and muscle cramps are possible.

Treatment of these symptoms is performed in a medical institution (since there is a risk of cardiac arrest ) - beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists (selective cardiac beta-adrenoblockers).

[20], [21], [22]

Interactions with other drugs

It is not allowed simultaneous application of Ventolin for inhalations and group preparations:

• nonselective beta-blockers;
• nootropics;
• theophylline;
• systemic corticosteroids;
• loop diuretics.

[23], [24], [25], [26], [27]

Storage conditions

Ventolin is stored at t <30 ° C, in a place protected from light; freeze aerosol and solution is not allowed.

[28], [29], [30]

Shelf life

Shelf life Ventolin Aerosol and Ventolin Nebulas for inhalations - 24 months, after autopsy - three months; Ventolin solution for inhalation is suitable for three years (the solution remaining in the nebulizer is not subject to storage).

Ventolin analogues for inhalations

There are beta-adrenoreceptor stimulants with another substance, but analogous to pharmacological action are the analogs of Ventolin for inhalations: Iazdrin, Antastmin and Bronchodilatin (with isoprenaline); Terbutaline (other trade names - Terbutol, Brikanil, Brikalin, Ironil); Fenoterol ( Berotek, Arutherol, Segamol), Salmeterol (Serevent), and others.

Reviews

In general, reviews about this anti-asthmatic agent are positive. But very few people noticed that among the excipients of the solution for inhalation Ventolin Nebula there is dilute sulfuric acid, an emulsifying additive of E 513, which increases the acidity of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, which negatively affects the functions of the ciliary and alveolar epithelium.

And, apparently, not all have read in the instruction to the aerosol Ventolin Evohaler recommended for inhalations to children from two years of age, information about the content of this medication in the propellant HFA 134a, that is tetrafluoroethane or freon-134A. This fluorohydrocarbon refrigerant is used in domestic refrigeration and conditioning equipment. Under the action of tetrafluoroethane begins to decompose rubber, swells with PVC and polypropylene. HFA 134a is three times denser than air, so if inhaled during inhalation with Ventolin this gas displaces air in the lungs, which explains the development of the so-called paradoxical bronchospasm and can lead to asphyxia.