Tablets from diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is divided into two types - the first and second, that is, diabetes, which does not require the introduction of insulin, and insulin-dependent. Therefore, tablets from diabetes can be different, depending on the type of disease. There are many such drugs. For convenience, they can be divided into the following categories:

• medicines that stimulate the production of insulin;
• medicines that enhance the sensitivity of tissues to the action of insulin;
• means for regulating the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines and removing them from the body;
• preparations of combined action.

Let's try to understand the most common medical appointments for the treatment of diabetes.

Indications for the use of antidiabetic tablets

In the world practice, the main indicator of the forced prescription of tablets from diabetes is the amount of glycohemoglobin - a specific protein that reflects the average level of glucose in the blood for a long period (up to 3 months). However, we do such an analysis very rarely. Most often, the doctor determines the need for drug therapy according to the results of a glucotest, by which the blood sugar level is assessed for an empty stomach and 2 hours after eating.

In most cases, the tablets are prescribed after the first unfavorable results of a glucotest. As the disease progresses, therapy can be strengthened with additional medications. To do this, the doctor regularly conducts repeated tests, which allows you to track the need to increase the dose or use of ancillary drugs. If the level of glucose in the blood remains unchanged, then the treatment scheme remains the same.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Each drug that can be used to treat diabetes has its own unique pharmacological properties.

The main effects of hypoglycemic drugs are the following effects:

• lowering of blood glucose level;
• stimulation of insulin production by beta cells;
• increased sensitivity of peripheral tissues;
• limiting the absorption and deposition of glucose and removing it from the bloodstream.

Pharmacokinetic properties may differ depending on the prolonged action of a particular drug. Systemic absorption is about 95%. Half-life can last from 10 to 24 hours.

Names of tablets from diabetes mellitus

If the prescription of tablets can not be avoided, the doctor will most likely offer the patient hypoglycemic drugs. Their action can be different - lowering the absorption of glucose by the body or increasing the sensitivity of tissues to insulin. It is advisable to use medicines in cases when the body is not able to regulate the amount of glucose in the blood.

Tablets from type 1 diabetes can be prescribed additionally, in addition to basic insulin treatment. Insulin preparations may be different in duration of exposure, form of release, in level of purification and in origin (animals and human insulins).

Tablets from type 2 diabetes are the following drugs, the main purpose of which is to compensate for high blood glucose and slow the progression of the disease. Medications are prescribed if the treatment methods such as diet and exercise therapy are ineffective, and also with an elevated blood sugar level for 3 or more consecutive months.

• Metformin is a known anti-diabetic agent, a derivative of biguanides. Tablets are able to lower the level of sugar, both on an empty stomach and after eating. Metformin does not affect the production of insulin, so it does not provoke the development of hypoglycemic coma.
• Siofor is a remedy analogous to the previous preparation, in which the active ingredient is represented by metformin.
• Galvus is a tableted drug-inhibitor of DPP-4. Vildagliptin is the active substance of the drug. Galvus is a stimulant of the islet apparatus of the pancreas. After its administration, the secretion of the glucagon-like peptide and the sugar-dependent polypeptide from the digestive system to the circulatory system is increased. At the same time, the sensitivity of beta cells of the pancreas increases: this promotes the activation of sugar-dependent insulin production.
• Dialect (correctly - Diallex) is a biological additive, the active ingredient of which is the Sinvestra Gymnema - an acid substance that regenerates damaged pancreatic cells.
• Glucophage is a complete analogue of Metformin, considered above.
• Forsiga (Dapaglyflozin, or Forsen) is a remedy for stimulating the excretion of glucose by the kidneys. Thanks to the drug, blood sugar levels drop, both on an empty stomach and after eating. In addition, the level of glycohemoglobin also decreases.
• Amaryl is a drug based on glimepiride, a known hypoglycemic agent from the third generation sulfonylurea group. Amaryl has a complex action: it improves the production and release of insulin, and increases the susceptibility of muscle and fat tissue.
• Maninil is a drug-sulfonamide, which acts thanks to the glibenclamide included in the composition. The main property of Maninil tablets is an increase in the secretion of insulin by the pancreas.
• Diabeton is an antidiabetic drug based on glycazide, a representative of the sulfonylurea of the second generation of drugs. Has a combined effect, like Amaril.
• Yanumet (incorrectly - Yanulit) is a complex drug based on the combined effect of metformin and sitagliptin. Yanumet has a pronounced complementary hypoglycemic action: increases insulin synthesis and inhibits the production of glucose in the liver.
• Glybometh is an antidiabetic pill that combines the effects of metformin and glibenclamide. In addition to the hypoglycemic effect, Glybometh reduces the concentration of fats in the bloodstream, accelerates muscle energy expenditure, blocks the production of glucose and the absorption of carbohydrates by the digestive system.
• Chinese Diabetes Tablets:
  • Sanjou Tantai is a herbal preparation that restores and stimulates the function of the damaged pancreas;
  • Cordyceps - a drug based on mycelium, regenerating pancreatic tissue and having a general strengthening effect;
  • Fitness 999 - a drug that is recommended for taking diabetes mellitus, which is taking place against the background of obesity.

Homeopathic tablets from diabetes are very popular in recent years. They do not cause drug dependence, do not have side effects, are easily tolerated by patients and are combined without problems with other drugs.

• Coenzyme compositum - restores endocrine status, is effective at "diabetic foot".
• Gepar compositum - restores lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, improves liver function.
• Mukoza compositum - eliminates signs of inflammation in the pancreas, soothes pancreopathy.
• Momordika compositum - stabilizes the production of insulin, restores the tissues of the pancreas.

Treatment with listed products is recommended to repeat 1-2 times a year.

In addition to sugar-reducing tablets, drugs can be prescribed to reduce body weight (if obesity is present). These are tools such as Orlistat or Sibutramine. To improve metabolic processes, the reception of complex mineral and vitamin preparations is indicated.

What tablets are allowed for hypertension in diabetes mellitus?

For patients with diabetes mellitus it can sometimes be difficult to choose medications: impaired metabolic processes and the inability to take drugs with sweeteners limit the choice of medications. Tablets against hypertension in diabetes should meet the following requirements:

• effectively stabilize blood pressure;
• have a minimum number of side effects;
• do not influence the blood glucose level;
• do not influence the amount of cholesterol;
• do not stress the cardiovascular system.

In small doses with hypertension, the use of thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide) is possible. These drugs do not affect the level of glucose and are "neutral" to cholesterol. Under the ban for diabetics, such diuretics as potassium-sparing and osmotic agents - spironolactone, mannitol.

It is also permissible to use cardioselective beta-blockers, such as Nebivolol, Nebilet.

Often, patients with diabetes at elevated blood pressure are prescribed ACE inhibitors. These drugs themselves are capable of increasing the sensitivity of tissues to insulin and can serve as a preventive measure of type 2 diabetes.

What are the tablets for urinary incontinence in diabetes mellitus?

Tablets that are prescribed for urinary incontinence are nootropic drugs, adaptogens and antidepressants. Such medicines are prescribed only by a medical specialist. Take them yourself without prescribing a doctor is contraindicated.

Most often, with diabetes and urinary incontinence, the drug is prescribed. Mininin is a tablet drug based on desmopressin. Mininin reduces the frequency of urination and is successfully used in adult patients and children from 5 years.

Can I take pills from smoking with diabetes?

Tablets that help get rid of nicotine addiction, exist both on a plant and on a synthetic basis. Of the most common drugs known as Tabex, Lobelin, Cytisin, Gamibazin and other drugs that limit the need for a person in nicotine.

Take or not take pills from smoking while treating diabetes, the doctor must decide. To date, there is insufficient experience of using such drugs in diabetics, so most experts recommend refraining from their admission.

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Method and dosage of tablets from diabetes mellitus

The dosage of the drugs is calculated by the endocrinologist, making up an individual treatment regimen. Such a scheme depends:

• from the level of glucose and glycohemoglobin in the blood;
• from the presence of other diseases in the body;
• from the age of the patient;
• from the efficiency of the kidneys and liver of the patient.

If the patient accidentally misses the drug, then it should not be taken together with the next dose, and continue treatment as usual.

If the standard treatment with tablets does not bring the expected effect, then it is advisable to switch to insulin therapy.

Using pills from diabetes during pregnancy

Most tablets from diabetes are contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding, due to lack of information about the effect of such drugs on the course of the gestation process and directly on the child. With insulin-dependent disease, it is recommended to take insulin - the only remedy that is really allowed during pregnancy.

Contraindications for use

Tablets from diabetes are not prescribed:

• with a tendency to allergy to any of the components of the selected drug;
• at critical diabetic conditions (ketoacidosis, precoma or coma);
• with severe violations of the liver or (and) kidneys;
• during pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• in childhood.

Elderly patients, people with alcoholism, as well as patients with other endocrine disorders, tablets from diabetes are prescribed with great care and only under the supervision of a doctor.

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Side effects

The side effects of taking pills from diabetes mellitus may include:

• dyspeptic disorders (nausea and vomiting);
• hyperhidrosis, "stickiness" of the skin;
• cholestasis, jaundice;
• agranulocytosis;
• hyponatraemia;
• anemic syndrome;
• rashes and other allergic phenomena.

With irregular intake of food or starvation, hypoglycemia may develop, accompanied by headache, a strong sense of hunger, dyspepsia, irritability, confusion, the development of a coma, up to the death of the patient.

Overdose Symptoms

Overdose usually develops hypoglycemia.

If the symptoms of hypoglycemia are moderately expressed, then increase the intake of carbohydrate food and reduce the subsequent dose of tablets. Constant medical supervision of the patient is established until the patient is fully stabilized.

With persistent hypoglycemia with impaired consciousness or neurologic symptoms, the patient is injected with a solution of glucose intravenously. Resuscitation measures are conducted for at least two days.

Dialysis in case of an overdose is ineffective.

Interactions with other drugs

Tablets from diabetes are not recommended to combine:

• with miconazole and phenylbutazole (the risk of hypoglycemic coma increases);
• with ethyl alcohol;
• with large doses of antipsychotics and anticoagulants.

In order to avoid drug interactions, the administration of any medication should be agreed with the attending physician.

Storage conditions and shelf life

The only condition for proper storage of tablets from diabetes is their inaccessibility to children. Temperature for storage - room.

Shelf life is determined for each particular drug individually and most often is 3 years.

It is impossible to unequivocally answer the question, what can be the most effective tablets from diabetes. Everything depends on the degree of the disease, on nutrition, lifestyle, etc. One thing is certain: universal tablets from diabetes do not exist. Treatment is always selected individually, based on the results of analysis and research. And if such therapy is supplemented by diet and healthy lifestyle, you can significantly improve the condition and even achieve a persistent reduction in glucose levels to normal rates.

Tablets for coughing with diabetes: which of them are safe?

Standard pharmacy products from cough in the form of syrups and potions to diabetics are contraindicated, since they contain sugar and alcohol additives. Sugar and some other sweeteners cause an increase in the level of glucose in the blood, and alcohol worsens the already broken work of the pancreas. Therefore, when choosing drugs, you should pay more attention to the tablet preparations, and carefully study the composition.

As a rule, tablets for resorption, as well as candies, contain the majority of sugar, and are therefore also not suitable for patients with diabetes.

The output is preparations for oral administration and herbal remedies. Suitable options are expectorant medications (lazolvan, ambroksol). However, the taking of both these and any other tablets with diabetes should be approved by the attending physician.