Sodium sulfacyl

Sulfacyl sodium is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections of the eye and its surrounding tissues. The active ingredient in sulfacyl sodium is sulfacyl sodium, which has antimicrobial properties against a variety of bacteria, including those that can cause eye infections.

Sulfacyl sodium is available in various forms such as eye drops and ointment and is commonly used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye), keratitis (inflammation of the cornea of the eye), blepharitis (inflammation of the edges of the eyelids), and other infections of the eye.

The use of sulfacyl sodium is generally recommended only for confirmed or suspected bacterial infection of the eye and should be administered under the supervision of a physician. Before using sulfacyl sodium, it is important to consult an ophthalmologist to determine the correct diagnosis and prescription of appropriate treatment.

Indications Sodium sulfacil

1. Bacterial conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye that can be caused by a variety of bacterial pathogens.
2. Keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea of the eye that can occur due to infection by bacteria or other harmful microorganisms.
3. Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelid margins, often caused by bacterial infection.
4. Meibomitis: Inflammation of the meibomian glands located in the eyelids caused by bacterial infection.
5. Dacryocystitis: Inflammation of the lacrimal sac, which can also be associated with bacterial infection.
6. Prevention of postoperative eye infections: Sulfacyl sodium is sometimes used to prevent the development of infections after eye surgery.

Release form

1. Eye drops

• Concentrations: Sulfacyl sodium eye drops are usually available in concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%.
• Packaging: Drops are often packaged in sterile droppers or vials with a dispenser with a volume of 5 to 10 ml. This is the most common form of release, as it provides convenience of administration and dosing.

2. Eye ointment

• Concentration: Sulfacyl sodium ointments containing 10% or 20% of active ingredient.
• Packaging: The ointment is usually packaged in tubes of 5-10 g. The ointment is intended for use in cases where longer contact of the medicine with the eye surface is required, for example, at night.

3. Powder for solution

• Description: Solution powder is sometimes available for more specialized medical applications or for larger medical facilities.
• Application: The powder is diluted with sterile water according to the required concentration and used for eye wash in medical conditions.

Pharmacodynamics

Sulfacyl sodium is an antibacterial agent from the group of sulfonamides, the main active ingredient of which is sulfacyl sodium. It inhibits the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid in bacteria, which leads to disruption of deoxyribonucleic acid and protein formation, which in turn leads to the death of bacterial cells.

Sulfacyl sodium is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including:

1. Streptococci (Streptococcus spp.) - including Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus).
2. Staphylococcus spp. - including Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (Staphylococcus epidermalis).
3. Pneumococci (Pneumococcus ) - Streptococcuspneumoniae.
4. Escherichia coli are primarily gram-negative bacteria, including strains that cause urinary tract infections.
5. Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium that causes respiratory infections.
6. Proteas (Proteus spp.) are gram-negative bacteria often associated with urinary tract infections.
7. Klebsiella spp. Is another group of gram-negative bacteria that causes urinary tract infections and other infections.

Thus, the pharmacodynamics of sodium sulfacyl is based on its ability to inhibit bacterial growth and multiplication, making it effective against a wide range of bacterial infections.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: When applied topically in the form of eye drops or ointments, sulfacyl sodium is practically not absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes and is almost undetectable in the systemic bloodstream.
2. Distribution: Administered topically as eye drops, sodium sulfacil is distributed in the conjunctiva and lacrimal sac, forming high concentrations at the site of infection.
3. Metabolism: Sulfacyl sodium is not metabolized in the body.
4. Excretion: It isexcreted from the ocular conjunctival sac at the next trigger point of the lacrimal system.
5. Half-excretion: Since sodium sulfacyl is metabolized and eliminated from the body very rapidly, its half-excretion from the body is quite short, usually within a few hours.

Dosing and administration

Eye drops:

• Application: Drops are applied by injection directly into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye. Before application, hands and eye area should be thoroughly cleaned to avoid additional infection or ingestion of foreign particles.
• Dosage for adults and children: It is usually recommended to inject 1-2 drops into each affected eye every 3-4 hours during the day. In cases of acute infection, the frequency of administration can be increased as directed by the doctor.
• Duration of treatment: The course duration is usually 7 to 10 days, but can be adjusted depending on the degree and speed of improvement.

Eye ointment:

• Application: The ointment is gently squeezed into the conjunctival sac of the lower eyelid. Hands and the area around the eyes should be clean.
• Dosage: The ointment is applied 2-3 times a day, especially recommended to be applied before going to bed to ensure a long-lasting effect during the night.
• Duration of treatment: Like drops, the ointment is usually used for 7-10 days, depending on the doctor's advice and response to treatment.

Special Instructions:

• Avoid touching the dropper tip or ointment tube to the eye or any other surfaces to prevent contamination of the product.
• Do not use contact lenses while you are being treated for eye infections, especially if you are using eye drops or ointment.
• If symptoms do not improve or worsen after several days of treatment, you should contact your doctor.
• Discontinue use and consult a physician immediately if pain, vision changes, persistent redness or eye irritation occurs.
• Store the preparation in a cool place, protected from light and out of reach of children.

Use Sodium sulfacil during pregnancy

The use of sodium sulfacil during pregnancy should only be used for strict medical reasons and under the supervision of a doctor. As with other medicines, you should discuss the potential risks and benefits of using sodium sulfacil during pregnancy with your doctor before using it.

Sulphacyl sodium is commonly used to treat infections of the eye and ocular appendages. When prescribing it to pregnant women, the doctor should carefully assess the benefits of treatment and possible risks to the mother and fetus.

Contraindications

1. Hypersensitivity: People with known hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or other components of the drug should not use sulfacyl sodium because of the risk of allergic reactions, including skin rashes, angioedema, and anaplaxia.
2. Porphyria: In the presence of porphyria, the use of sodium sulfacil may lead to exacerbation of the disease.
3. Severe renal impairment: Patients with severe renal impairment should avoid the use of sodium sulfacil due to possible worsening of the condition.
4. Severe disorders of hematopoiesis: Sulfacyl sodium may cause aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and other disorders of hematopoiesis. In the presence of such conditions, the use of the drug should be limited or prohibited.
5. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The use of sodium sulfacil during pregnancy can be dangerous, especially during the trimester of pregnancy, as it can penetrate the placenta and cause toxic effects in the fetus. In addition, sulfacyl sodium is excreted with the milk of a nursing mother and may cause allergic reactions in the infant.
6. Children less than 2 months of age: The use of sulfacyl sodium in children less than 2 months of age may be hazardous because of the risk of toxic effects, including hemolytic anemia.
7. Suppression of diuresis: Sulfacyl sodium may lead to suppression of diuresis and worsening of renal function. In the presence of such conditions, the use of the drug should be limited or prohibited.
8. Gastrointestinal diseases: The use of sodium sulfacil may be contraindicated in the presence of gastric or duodenal ulcer, colitis or other gastrointestinal diseases.

Side effects Sodium sulfacil

1. Redness or irritation of the eye: Some people may experience redness, irritation, or burning in the eye after using sulfacyl sodium.
2. Allergic reactions: Some patients may develop allergic reactions to the components of the drug, manifested as itching, skin rash, swelling or redness of the eyes.
3. Dry eye: With long-term use of sulfacyl sodium, some people may experience a sensation of dryness in the eye.
4. Temporary visual disturbance: Some patients may experience temporary visual disturbance after sulfacil sodium administration, especially immediately after the drug is administered.
5. Turbidity or sediment in the eye: Sometimes when sulfacyl sodium is used, a cloudy sediment or small particles may form in the eye.
6. Rare side effects: In rare cases, more serious side effects such as allergic conjunctivitis, increased tearing or skin reactions may occur.

Overdose

Sulfacyl sodium overdose may lead to various undesirable effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reactions, renal and hepatic dysfunction, and possible increase in blood pressure.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Other topical eye preparations: The use of several topical eye preparations at the same time may cause dilution and decrease their effectiveness. Therefore, it is recommended to keep intervals between the use of different eye medications, if necessary.
2. Contact lens preparations: The use of eye drops or ointments while wearing contact lenses may cause their contamination or change their condition. Before using sulfacil sodium, it is recommended to remove contact lenses and refrain from wearing them for a certain period of time after application of the drug, as indicated in the instructions for the drug.
3. Drugs that reduce the pH of the ocular environment: Some eye medications can change the pH of the ocular environment. Changes in pH may affect the efficacy of sodium sulfacil. Therefore, the use of such medications at the same time as sodium sulfacil may need to be timed differently.
4. Drugs causing allergic reactions: If allergic reactions to ocular medications are present, a physician should be consulted before using sodium sulfacil.