Reflin

Reflin is an antibacterial medication for systemic administration. Included in the subgroup of cephalosporins.

The cefazolin component is an antibiotic with a wide range of bactericidal antimicrobial effects (1st generation). Similar to penicillins, it inhibits the binding of the bacterial cell membrane. The drug destroys bacteria due to its ability to suppress the production of cell membrane elements. [1]

The substance ceftriaxone is active against gram-negative and -positive microbes.

Indications Reflin

It is applied in case of such violations:

• respiratory tract infection;
• lesions in the ENT organs;
• infection of the urethra or kidneys;
• diseases affecting the genitals (among them gonorrhea);
• epidermal infections or soft tissue infections;
• lesions of the peritoneum (for example, peritonitis );
• infectious pathologies associated with bones and joints;
• wound infections;
• sepsis (systemic infection of the body) or mastitis;
• endocarditis and meningitis;
• disseminated form of tick-borne borreliosis.

Release form

The drug is released in the form of a lyophilisate for the preparation of a medicinal solution (inside bottles with a volume of 1 g).

Pharmacodynamics

The drug demonstrates activity with respect to such elements:

• gram-positive bacteria from the group of staphylococci (producing or not producing penicillinase), many strains of streptococci, including pneumococci, as well as diphtheria corynebacterium;
• gram-negative microbes, including Escherichia coli, Shigella, Klebsiella with Salmonella, Enterobacteriaceae aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis with Haemophilus influenzae, and gonococci.

Does not affect the indole-positive strains of Proteus (Proteus vulgaris, Morgan's bacteria and Röttger's Providence) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, it does not affect viruses with protozoa, fungi and rickettsia.

Pharmacokinetics

After application, the medication is absorbed at a rapid rate. About 90% of the dosage used is synthesized with protein. The blood Cmax is noted after 1 hour from the moment of the injection. The bactericidal values inside the blood persist for a period of 8-12 hours.

After an intravenous injection, a high blood count of the drug is formed, but it is secreted faster (the half-life is approximately 2 hours).

Cefazolin passes into many tissue fluids. The substance almost does not participate in metabolic processes; most of the applied portion is excreted unchanged with urine (approximately 90%); excretion with bile is negligible.

The drug crosses the placenta and enters the umbilical cord blood with amniotic fluid. Small indicators of drugs are observed inside the mother's milk. The medication passes well into the articular cavities through the inflamed membrane of the synovium.

Dosing and administration

The medicine is injected intravenously or intramuscularly. Before starting therapy, you should eliminate the risk of developing allergies by performing an epidermal test.

For an adult, a dosage of 0.5-1 g is usually used, administered at 12-hour intervals.

In case of severe infection or weak effectiveness of the medication, the daily portion is allowed to be increased to 4 g.

The use of antibiotics continues for another 48-72 hours from the moment of temperature stabilization and analyzes.

• Application for children

It is forbidden to administer to newborns under the age of 1 month.

Use Reflin during pregnancy

Reflin can cross the placenta, which is why it is not used during pregnancy.

The active ingredient of the drug in small concentrations is excreted in breast milk, and therefore it is necessary to refuse breastfeeding during therapy.

Contraindications

It is contraindicated to use if the patient has an intolerance to cephalosporins (if there is an allergy to penicillins, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of cross-reaction).

Caution is required in case of administration to persons with impaired renal function or intestinal pathologies (colitis).

Side effects Reflin

The main side effects:

• lesions associated with lymph and the blood system: leuko-, thrombocyto- or granulocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, eosinophilia, an increase in creatinine values and an increase in PTT values, agranulocytosis and disorders of coagulation processes;
• digestive disorders: glossitis, obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, stomatitis, pancreatitis and nausea. Occasionally, the development of a pseudomembranous form of enterocolitis (intestinal inflammation associated with the action of Clostridium dificile) is noted;
• problems with the work of the hepatobiliary system: a curable form of cholelithiasis, deposition of Ca salts inside the gallbladder and an increase in the values of liver enzymes inside the blood (ALT, AST or ALP);
• infectious infections: lesions associated with the activity of resistant microbes, mycosis in the genital area and fungal infections of the secondary type;
• lesions of the subcutaneous layer or epidermis: urticaria, exanthema, rash, TEN, swelling, allergic dermatitis, itching and erythema polyformis;
• disorders associated with urinary processes: the formation of renal calculi, glucosuria, kidney failure, oliguria or hematuria;
• systemic disorders: headaches, anaphylactoid or anaphylactic symptoms, dizziness, chills and fever.

Overdose

In case of poisoning with Reflin, symptomatic actions must be taken.

Interactions with other drugs

Probenecid is able to weaken the processes of excretion of cephalosporins by the renal tubules, which increases the rate and duration of the blood circulation of the latter.

The data obtained in experimental tests with the participation of animals who were injected with cephalosporins show that the use with potent diuretics (ethacrynic acid or furosemide) may increase the likelihood of nephrotoxicity.

There may be a false positive response when determining intra-urine sugar values through the administration of Fehling's or Benedict's reagents, as well as Cu sulfate test tablets.

Perhaps the development of false positive (indirect and direct) Coombs' antiglobulin tests in newborns (in cases where their mothers were injected with cephalosporins during pregnancy).

Storage conditions

Reflin must be kept in a dry place at temperatures no more than 25 ° C.

Shelf life

Reflin can be used within a 36-month term from the date of manufacture of the therapeutic substance.

Analogs

Analogs of the medication are Zolin, Orpin, Ifizol with Ancef, Cefazolin and Cefezol with Natsef. In addition, Cefaprim, Totacef, Cefoprid and Intrazolin, Cefamezin, Kefzol, Cezolin with Lysolin and Cefazex are on the list.