Prostate cancer pills

Malignant lesions of the prostate are second to oncological diseases, yielding to pathologies of the lungs. Tablets from prostate cancer are included in a set of therapeutic procedures aimed at the destruction of pathological cells. Most often, the disease is diagnosed in elderly and middle-aged men. According to statistics, a man over 60 years old has 50% of 100 chances of developing prostate cancer. Every year in the world diagnose this pathology in 40,000 people, 15,000 of them die.

The causes of the disease are not exactly established, very often it occurs against the background of a high level of male sex hormones, due to prolonged exposure to chemicals or when working in galvanic production. Eating foods high in animal fats, viral and bacterial infections, can also trigger pathology.

The success of prostate cancer treatment depends on the timely detection of symptoms and diagnosis. The first signs of the disorder look like this: weakening of the urine stream, pain during urination, frequent urination in the toilet at night, blood in the urine. For diagnosis, use a digital rectal examination, ultrasound, CT, MRI, biopsy of the gland and a number of laboratory tests. In the process of verifying the diagnosis, the doctor establishes the stage of pathology and determines the nature of her therapy.

In the early stages of cancer, the following treatment methods are used:

• Radical prostatectomy
• Radiation therapy
• Brachytherapy
• HIFU (transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of the prostate gland)
• Chemotherapy
• Dynamic monitoring

If the cancer has a localized form, then the treatment is used drug therapy in combination with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. The 10-year survival rate after such procedures is 90%. This method is used for the I and II stages of the disease. Chemotherapy is considered an auxiliary method, as neoplasms of the prostate gland have a low sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. Medications are effective in hormone-resistant forms of generalized oncology.

Casodex

Antiandrogenic non-steroidal agent with anti-tumor properties. The Casodex has a tablet form of release with the active substance - bicalutamide. The drug is a racemic mixture that binds to androgen receptors, suppressing their stimulating effect.

After ingestion, the drug is quickly and completely absorbed from the digestive tract, eating does not affect its absorption. Binding to plasma proteins is high - 96-99%. Metabolizes in the liver, excreted in the urine and bile in equal parts.

• Indications: common prostate cancer. In most cases it is used in combination with an analogue of GnRH, surgical castration. The standard dosage is 50 mg once a day. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician.
• Contraindications: intolerance to the components of the drug, simultaneous use with cisapride, astemizole or terfenadine. It is not used to treat women and children, as well as patients with lactose intolerance, impaired liver function, with lactase deficiency, glucose malabsorption syndrome.

• Side effects: dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea and constipation, hot flashes, transient increase in hepatic enzymes, skin allergic reactions. In rare cases, angioedema develops, interstitial pulmonary pathologies, cardiac or hepatic insufficiency.
• Overdose has similar symptoms with adverse reactions. There is no specific antidote, therefore symptomatic therapy is indicated for treatment. Dialysis is ineffective, mandatory monitoring of vital body functions.

[1],

Bicalutamide

Antitumor pharmacological agent from the group of nonsteroidal antiandrogens. Bicalutamide binds to androgen receptors after ingestion and stops the intake of androgens to the malignant cells. The effect of the drug is based on the effect on the endocrine system.

After oral administration, the active components are rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract. Binding to plasma proteins 96%. Half-life is about 7 days. It is excreted as metabolites by the kidneys and intestines.

• Indications for use: common prostate cancer, locally advanced (used as a monotherapy), without metastasis. Tablets are taken regardless of food, 1 pc. 1 time a day at the same time. The duration of therapy lasts more than 24 months.
• The dosage scheme depends on the stage of the disease and its etiopathogenesis. When monotherapy is prescribed at 150 mg per day, with complex treatment simultaneously with analogues of GnRH at 50 mg per day. Contraindicated use with intolerance of the components of the drug.
• Side effects: headaches and dizziness, insomnia, drowsiness, anemia, muscle weakness and temporary loss of sensitivity, polyuria, dysuria, enuresis, gynecomastia, decreased libido, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, attacks of nausea and vomiting, malaise from the cardiovascular side system, inflammatory lung diseases and allergic reactions to the skin. The likelihood of adverse reactions increases with increasing dosage. Overdose has a similar symptomatology. To eliminate it, symptomatic therapy is used.

[2], [3], [4],

Flutamide

Tablets against prostate cancer with anti-androgenic antitumor activity. Flutamide has an active substance - flutamide 250 mg, which blocks the interaction of androgens with their cellular receptors. Active components interfere with testosterone activity at the cellular level, acting in addition to drug castration GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). The prostate gland and seminal vesicles come under the sight of the drug.

After ingestion, tablets are rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract. Metabolized in the liver, the maximum concentration in the blood plasma is reached after 2 hours. Binding to plasma proteins is 94-96%. It is excreted mainly in the urine, about 5% is excreted with feces within 72 hours after application.

• Indications: metastatic prostate cancer with suppression of testosterone. The medication is used at the beginning of the combination therapy with GnRH agonists, with surgical castration, for the treatment of oncological patients already receiving GnRH agonists. Dosage, as a rule, is standard - 1 tablet 3 times a day, every 8 hours. Treatment is discontinued if there is evidence of progression of the disease or with a persistent positive effect.
• Contraindications: intolerance of the components of the drug, expressed violations of liver function. With special care is used to treat patients with reduced liver function, with cardiovascular disease and propensity to thrombosis.
• Side effects: most often patients encounter such reactions - gynecomastia, galactorrhea, decreased libido, suppression of spermatogenesis. Less common are symptoms of nausea and vomiting, increased appetite and activity of transaminases, insomnia, headaches and dizziness, decreased visual acuity, skin allergic reactions, swelling, and urination disorders.
• Overdose manifests itself as an aggravation of side effects. To eliminate adverse symptoms, it is necessary to induce vomiting, take absorbents and conduct symptomatic therapy with monitoring of vital functions.

[5], [6], [7]

Diferelin

The drug with the active substance is tryptorelin, which is a synthetic analogue of natural GnRH. Diferelin stimulates the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland and inhibits it, suppressing the function of the testes and ovaries. Long-term use of the drug causes chemical castration in men and artificial menopause in women. The therapeutic effect is observed 20 days after the initiation of therapy. Diphereline is available in the form of lyophilizate in vials of 0.1 mg, 3.75 mg and 11.25 mg with ampoules of solvents in the kit.

• Indications for use: adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer (with metastases, localized), breast cancer, uterine myoma. Can be used to stimulate fertilization in female infertility in IVF programs. Treatment is long, the dosage is determined by the attending physician. When a prostate is affected, 1 ampoule is prescribed 3.75 mg every 28 days.
• Side effects: Quincke's edema and other allergic reactions, bone demineralization, pain syndrome, headaches and muscle pains, increased sweating, ureteral obstruction, breast size change, testicular diminishment, nausea and vomiting attacks, weight gain, temporary sensitivity disorders of different parts of the body, hematuria, tachycardia, alopecia.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to triptorelin, mannitol and their analogues, osteoporosis, hormone-resistant prostate cancer, pregnancy and breastfeeding, condition after surgical castration. Overdosing is manifested by increased adverse reactions. Treatment is symptomatic, with severe conditions, hospitalization is indicated.

[8], [9], [10]

ECHO 7 Rigvir

Genetically unmodified viral agent used in virotherapy. ECHO 7 Rigvir selectively affects malignant cells in sensitive neoplasms, without affecting healthy tissues. The virus contained in the preparation does not multiply in the body. Its cytolytic action is associated with oncolytic and oncotropic properties or the ability to kill cancer.

• Indications for use: removal of the primary tumor and prevention of metastases of PCa. Effective in melanoma, stomach cancer, rectum and colon, pancreas, bladder, kidney. It is prescribed for various types of sarcoma. Can be combined with other antitumour agents, radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Its therapeutic effect is higher by 40% compared to other agents. Use the medicine only in a hospital under strict medical supervision.
• The medication is available in the form of intramuscular injections of 2 ml. It contains the ECHO-7 strain of the virus. Intramuscular injections are carried out cyclically, the duration of the first course is 3 months. Total duration of treatment is about 3 years with subsequent maintenance therapy. During treatment it is very important to monitor the condition of the immune system and monitor the state of vital functions.

Firmagon

Selective antagonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Firmagon contains the active substance - deharrelix, which binds to hypophyseal GnRH, reducing the yield of gonadotropins. Thus, the level of testosterone secretion in the testes decreases. Produced in for injections for subcutaneous injection.

Indications: prostate cancer progressing hormone-dependent. Contraindicated apply with increased sensitivity to the active component. The drug is injected subcutaneously into the abdomen, periodically changing the place of administration. The initial dosage of 240 mg, as a rule, it is divided into two doses of 120 mg. After applying the initial dose, the supporting dose is shown to be 80 mg.

Side effects are manifested on the part of many organs and systems, but most often patients experience such reactions: insomnia, headaches and muscle pains, decreased libido, micturition, irritation, cardiovascular disorders, dry mouth and constipation, cough, anemia, urticaria, hepatic insufficiency, local allergic reactions.

[11], [12], [13], [14]

Triptorelin

Cytostatic agent, analogue of gonadorelin. Triptorelin blocks the release of gonadotropic hormones by the pituitary gland. The maximum therapeutic effect develops on day 21 of therapy. Bioavailability with intramuscular injection is 39%, with subcutaneous 69%. Distribution of tissues and organs takes about 3-4 hours. It is withdrawn slowly, in the form of metabolites with urine.

• Indications for use: PCa to suppress the secretion of testosterone, ovarian carcinoma of the epithelial etiology, endometriosis, uterine myoma, premature puberty, IVF program (in vitro fertilization).
• Dosage and route of administration: with subcutaneous administration of 0.5 mg per week with further maintenance of 0.1 mg per day. Before using the drug, it is very important to control the level of sex hormones, to exclude pregnancy and to control the rate of decrease in the size of fibroids.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the drug components, hormone-independent prostate adenoma, ovarian polycystic osteoporosis, osteoporosis, post-prostatectomy condition, pregnancy and breastfeeding.
• Side effects: decreased libido, increased fatigue, muscle and headaches, discomfort during intercourse, paresthesia, impaired vision, nausea and vomiting, increased cholesterol, hyperemia, itching at the injection site, demineralization of bone tissue, hot flashes, impotence. To correct them, I adjust the dosage, and carry out symptomatic treatment.