Examination of the body

Kidney examination

The investigation (diagnosis) of the kidneys is a rather difficult task, since most of the so-called nephrologic diseases have a latent flow for a long time, it does not appear with subjective symptoms (unpleasant sensations, and glavio - with pains) that make it necessary to consult a doctor.

Diagnosis of the liver and gallbladder

Among diseases of the liver and bile ducts, chronic diffuse lesions of the liver - chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver, as well as cholecystitis (stone and non-calcified) and cholangitis, are of the greatest clinical importance.

Diagnosis of the pancreas

Pain in the abdomen, quite diverse in duration and nature, are localized most often in the upper half of the abdomen, mainly in the epigastric region or the left hypochondrium, radiating into the back.

Examination of the esophagus

Dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing, passing food through the esophagus. Pharyngeal dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing a food lump (sometimes with a cough), it is usually caused by neuromuscular disorders.

Examination of the abdomen

For examination and further examination of the abdomen, it should be sufficiently exposed. It is necessary that the inguinal areas be inspected in full. The patient should lie in a comfortable position. The room should be warm.

Oral examination

Examination of the oral cavity includes examination of the lips, teeth, gums, tongue, palate, tonsils, mucous membranes of the cheeks and pharynx.

ECG analysis and interpretation

ECG displays the processes of occurrence of arousal and its conduct. The teeth are recorded when there is a potential difference between the areas of the excitable system, i.e. One part of the system is agitated, and the other is not. The isopotential line appears in the absence of a potential difference, i.e. When the whole system is not excited or, on the contrary, is swept by excitement.

Electrocardiography (ECG)

Electrocardiography is a study that remains out of the competition for its clinical significance. It is usually performed in dynamics and is an important indicator of the state of the heart muscle.

Venous pulse and venous pressure

The venous system ensures the flow of blood to the right heart. Therefore, with increasing pressure in the right atrium, corresponding to an increase in central venous pressure, in connection with heart failure, peripheral veins expand (swell), primarily visible veins on the neck.

Human arterial pulse

Pulse (pulsus) is a rhythmic oscillation of the artery wall, caused by a change in its blood filling as a result of cardiac contractions. The main clinical method for assessing the condition of the arteries and their pulsations is sensation.

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