Examination of the body

Computer methods of analysis of an electroencephalogram

The main methods of computer EEG analysis used in the clinic include spectral analysis using the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm, instantaneous amplitude mapping, spike detection, and 3D localization of an equivalent dipole in the brain space.

Decoding of the results of electroencephalography

EEG analysis is performed during the recording and finally after its completion. At the time of recording, the presence of artifacts (focusing of the field of the network current, mechanical artifacts of the electrodes movement, electromyogram, electrocardiogram, etc.) is evaluated, take measures to eliminate them. The frequency and amplitude of the EEG are evaluated, characteristic graph elements are identified, their spatial and temporal distribution is determined.

Method of electroencephalography

In normal practice, the EEG is removed using electrodes located on intact head covers. Electrical potentials are amplified and recorded. In electroencephalographs, 16-24 or more identical amplifying-recording blocks (channels) are provided, allowing one-time recording of electrical activity from a corresponding number of pairs of electrodes mounted on the patient's head.

Examination of patients in a coma

Coma is the most profound oppression of consciousness, in which the patient is unable to enter into verbal contact, execute commands, open eyes and react in a co-ordinated manner to pain stimuli. The coma develops with a bilateral diffuse lesion (anatomical or metabolic) of the cortex and subcortex of the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem or with combined lesions at these levels.

Research of the autonomic nervous system

To evaluate vegetative functions in many cases, a careful analysis of the patient's complaints and anamnestic information about the function of the genitourinary and rectum, the presence of excessive sweating, mandatory urination, urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction (in men) is sufficient in many cases.

Sensitivity study

The most common complaint related to a violation in the sensory sphere is pain. The sensitivity evaluation is entirely based on the patient's self-report on his subjective sensations, therefore, when performing a neurological examination, sensitivity is investigated in the last place.

Study of coordination of movements

Violations of coordination of movements are designated by the term "ataxia". Ataxia is the mismatch of the work of various muscle groups, leading to a violation of the accuracy, proportionality, rhythmicity, speed and amplitude of voluntary movements, as well as to a violation of the ability to maintain balance. Violations of coordination of movements can be caused by the defeat of the cerebellum and its connections, disorders of deep sensitivity; asymmetry of vestibular influences. Accordingly, distinguish cerebellum, sensitive and vestibular ataxia.

Research of reflexes

A deep (miotatic) reflex is an involuntary contraction of the muscle in response to stimulation of the muscle spindle receptors contained in it, which in turn is due to passive stretching of the muscle. Such stretching in clinical practice is usually achieved by a short, abrupt impact of the neurological malleus over the muscle tendon.

Research of muscle strength

The strength of the muscle is a quantitative measure that expresses the ability of the muscle to contract during counteraction to its external force, including gravity. Clinical research of muscle strength first of all reveals its decrease. A preliminary, tentative evaluation of muscular strength begins with finding out whether the subject can carry out active movements in all joints and whether these movements are carried out in full.

Research of cognitive functions

In the clinical practice of a neurologist, the evaluation of cognitive functions includes the study of orientation, attention, memory, counting, speech, writing, reading, praxis, gnosis.

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