Omeprazole

Omeprazole oppresses the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, inhibiting the process of exchange of hydrogen ions.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Indications of the omeprazole

The medicine is used to treat the following disorders:

• Ulcers of the duodenum or stomach;
• Reflux esophagitis;
• Ulcers of the duodenum or stomach, having an erosive character and developed as a result of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• Stress caused by ulcers;
• For the complex treatment of erosive forms of ulcers of the duodenum or stomach that have arisen due to Helicobacter pylori;
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

[7], [8],

Release form

The medicine is produced in a 10-capsule cell plate. One packet contains 2-3 plates. Also available in polymer cans (30-40 pcs.). One packet contains 1 such bank.

[9],

Pharmacodynamics

Omeprazole slows down the exchange process of hydrogen ions in the system of the enzyme H + -K + -ATPase, occurring in the gastric lining cells, thereby preventing the completion of the last stage of the formation of hydrochloric acid. Regardless of the initial acidity, omeprazole reduces the indices of stimulated and basal secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen. With a single dose of the drug, the action begins already in the first hour and lasts throughout the day, reaching a maximum effect 2 hours after application. The intragastric pH values remain at level 3 for 17 hours after 20 mg of the drug (in patients with duodenal ulcer). Complete restoration of the secretion of hydrochloric acid occurs 3-5 days after the cessation of use of the drug.

[10], [11], [12], [13]

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption of omeprazole occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in plasma reaches after half an hour-hour. Bioavailability indicators are 30-40%, with proteins being connected by approximately 90%. Metabolization of the substance occurs almost entirely in the liver. Half-life lasts half an hour-hour. Excretion is usually carried out through the kidneys in the form of metabolites. If there is a renal failure in a chronic form, the excretion rates decrease in accordance with the decrease in creatinine clearance. In elderly patients, the level of bioavailability increases, but the elimination rates are reduced. In the presence of liver failure half-life is 3 hours, and bioavailability is 100%.

[14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19],

Dosing and administration

The medication is administered orally (orally), without chewing capsules. It is necessary to wash the preparation with water.

When exacerbating duodenal ulcers, one capsule / day should be drunk for 2-4 weeks (if the case is resistant, increase the dose to 2 capsules / day).

When the gastric ulcer is exacerbated or the erosive-ulcerative form of esophagitis is prescribed, 1-2 caps / d. For 1-2 months.

Erosive-ulcerative disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, which arose because of the use of NSAIDs - 1 caps. / D. For 1-2 months.

Eradication Helicobacter pylori - 1 capsule twice a day for a week (along with antibacterial drugs).

The treatment of an ulcer of the duodenum or stomach directed to the prevention of relapse presupposes the administration of 1 caps. / D.

Antiretroviral therapy for elimination of reflux esophagitis - appointment 1 caps. / D. For a long period of time (up to six months).

With Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, dosage is prescribed individually - this depends on the indices of gastric secretion. In general, the dose is at least 60 mg / d. If necessary, it can be increased to 80-120 mg / day, and in this case it will be divided into 2 receptions.

[27], [28], [29], [30], [31]

Use of the omeprazole during pregnancy

When pregnancy, use the drug is prohibited.

Contraindications

Omeprazole is contraindicated in such cases:

• With high sensitivity to individual components of the drug;
• Children;
• During pregnancy or during the lactation period.

[20], [21], [22]

Side effects of the omeprazole

Occasionally due to taking medication the following side effects can be observed:

Gastrointestinal organs: constipation or diarrhea, vomiting with nausea, pain in the abdomen, flatulence, a feeling of dryness in the mouth, disruption in the work of taste buds, stomatitis, transient increase in liver transaminases in plasma; with a previously diagnosed severe liver disease, in particular hepatitis (possibly with jaundice), impaired hepatic function.

Nervous system: frequent dizziness and severe headaches, frequent drowsiness or insomnia, arousal, the appearance of hallucinations, the development of a depressive state, paresthesia; patients suffering from severe physical illnesses, or who have previously suffered a serious liver disease, may develop encephalopathy.

Musculoskeletal: muscle pain and weakness, joint pain.

Hemopoietic system: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia; sometimes there may be a sharp decrease in the number of leukocytes or pancytopenia.

On the skin: itching; occasionally there is photosensitization, multi-form exudative erythema or alopecia.

Allergies: bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, urticaria, the onset of angioedema.

Other: the appearance of peripheral edema, problems with vision, increased sweating, gynecomastia, feverish condition; In rare cases, the appearance of glandular cysts in the stomach in the course of prolonged treatment (due to drug suppression of hydrochloric acid release), tubulointerstitial nephritis.

[23], [24], [25], [26]

Overdose

When an overdose of the drug, there may be increased manifestations of side effects.

[32], [33], [34]

Interactions with other drugs

Omeprazole does not interact with antacids.

Affects the bioavailability of all drugs, the absorption of which is dependent on pH (for example, iron salts).

[35], [36], [37],

Storage conditions

Keep the medicine in a dry place, closed from the sun. The air temperature is not more than 25 ° C.

[38], [39], [40]

Shelf life

Omeprazole is allowed to be used within 24 months from the date of manufacture.

[41], [42], [43]