Omeprazole

Omeprazole inhibits the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach by inhibiting the process of hydrogen ion exchange.

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Indications Omeprazole

The medicine is used to treat the following disorders:

• Ulcers of the duodenum or stomach;
• Reflux esophagitis;
• Ulcers of the duodenum or stomach that are erosive in nature and developed as a result of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• Stress-induced ulcers;
• For the complex treatment of erosive ulcers of the duodenum or stomach that arise due to Helicobacter pylori;
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

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Release form

The medicine is available in a cell plate of 10 capsules. One pack contains 2-3 plates. It is also available in polymer jars (30-40 pcs.). One pack contains 1 such jar.

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Pharmacodynamics

Omeprazole slows down the exchange process of hydrogen ions in the H+-K+-ATPase enzyme system, which occurs in the parietal cells of the stomach, thereby preventing the final stage of hydrochloric acid formation. Regardless of the initial acidity, omeprazole reduces the rates of stimulated and basal secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen. With a single dose of the drug, the effect begins in the first hour and lasts for 24 hours, reaching the maximum effect 2 hours after administration. Intragastric pH values remain at 3 for 17 hours after administration of 20 mg of the drug (in patients with duodenal ulcer). Complete restoration of hydrochloric acid secretion occurs 3-5 days after discontinuation of the drug.

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Pharmacokinetics

Omeprazole is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. It reaches its maximum plasma concentration after half an hour to an hour. Bioavailability rates are 30-40%, approximately 90% is bound to proteins. The substance is almost completely metabolized in the liver. The half-life lasts half an hour to an hour. Excretion is usually through the kidneys in the form of metabolites. If chronic renal failure is observed, excretion rates decrease in accordance with a decrease in creatinine clearance. In elderly patients, bioavailability increases, but excretion rates decrease. In the presence of liver failure, the half-life is 3 hours, and bioavailability is 100%.

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Dosing and administration

The medication is taken orally, without chewing the capsules. The medication should be washed down with water.

In case of exacerbation of a duodenal ulcer, you need to take 1 capsule/day for 2-4 weeks (if the case is resistant, increase the dose to 2 capsules/day).

In case of exacerbation of gastric ulcer or erosive-ulcerative form of esophagitis, 1-2 capsules/day are prescribed for 1-2 months.

Erosive and ulcerative disorders in the gastrointestinal tract that arose due to the use of NSAIDs - 1 capsule/day for 1-2 months.

Helicobacter pylori eradication – 1 capsule twice a day for a week (along with antibacterial drugs).

Treatment of duodenal or gastric ulcers aimed at preventing relapse involves taking 1 capsule/day.

Anti-relapse therapy to eliminate reflux esophagitis – administration of 1 capsule/day over a long period of time (up to six months).

In Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the dosage is prescribed individually - it depends on the indicators of gastric secretion. Basically, the dose is at least 60 mg / day. If necessary, it can be increased to 80-120 mg / day, and in this case it will be divided into 2 doses.

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Use Omeprazole during pregnancy

It is prohibited to use the drug during pregnancy.

Contraindications

Omeprazole is contraindicated in the following cases:

• In case of high sensitivity to individual components of the drug;
• For children;
• During pregnancy or lactation.

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Side effects Omeprazole

Rarely, the following side effects may occur as a result of taking the medication:

Gastrointestinal tract: constipation or diarrhea, vomiting with nausea, abdominal pain, flatulence, dry mouth, taste bud dysfunction, stomatitis, transient increase in liver transaminase levels in plasma; with previously diagnosed severe liver disease, in particular, hepatitis (possibly with jaundice), liver dysfunction.

Nervous system: frequent dizziness and severe headaches, frequent drowsiness or insomnia, agitation, occurrence of hallucinations, development of a depressive state, paresthesia; in patients suffering from severe somatic diseases or having previously suffered from severe liver disease, encephalopathy may develop.

Musculoskeletal system: muscle pain and weakness, joint pain.

Hematopoietic system: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia; sometimes a sharp decrease in the number of leukocytes or pancytopenia may be observed.

On the skin: itching; rarely, photosensitivity, erythema multiforme exudative or alopecia are observed.

Allergies: bronchospasms, anaphylaxis, urticaria, occurrence of angioedema.

Others: the appearance of peripheral edema, vision problems, increased sweating, gynecomastia, fever; in rare cases, the appearance of glandular cysts in the stomach is possible during long-term treatment (due to the suppression of hydrochloric acid secretion by the drug), tubulointerstitial nephritis.

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Overdose

In case of overdose of the drug, increased manifestations of side effects may be observed.

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Interactions with other drugs

Omeprazole does not interact with antacid drugs.

Affects the bioavailability of all drugs whose absorption depends on pH values (for example, iron salts).

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Storage conditions

The medicine should be stored in a dry place, protected from sunlight. The air temperature should not exceed 25 °C.

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Shelf life

Omeprazole is approved for use within 24 months from the date of manufacture.

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