Octreid

Octride is a medicinal product, a representative of the pharmacotherapeutic series of hypothalamic hormones for systemic use. Refers to octreotide derivatives.

Octride is available only upon presentation of a doctor's prescription.

Indications Octreid

For the treatment of acromegaly (increased production of growth hormone) - if the effectiveness of surgical treatment was insufficient, as well as to support the body between therapeutic courses, or if it is impossible to perform surgery on the patient;

• for the treatment of oncological pathologies of the endocrine system (digestive tract), namely carcinomas, insulin, VIP, gastrin, glucagon;
• for the treatment of somatoliberin (neoplasms accompanied by hyperproduction of hypothalamic growth hormones);
• to prevent adverse effects after surgery in the pancreas;
• to stop bleeding and prevent recurrence of bleeding from esophageal vessels affected by varicose veins (in combination with sclerosing treatment).

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Release form

The medicine is produced in 1 ml ampoules, in a cardboard package, with enclosed instructions for medicinal use.

Each ampoule contains:

• octreotide acetate (analogue of octreotide) 100 mcg;
• additional ingredients: 2 mg acetic acid, 2 mg sodium acetate trihydrate, 7 mg sodium chloride, water for injection up to 1 ml.

Octride is a transparent, colorless liquid. The ampoule has a blue dot marking for opening and an orange rim at the point of breaking.

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Pharmacodynamics

The active component of the drug is an analogue of the releasing factor, which inhibits the production of pituitary hormones, with similar pharmacotherapeutic properties, but with a prolonged (extended in time) effect.

Octride inhibits excessively increased production of somatotropin, as well as substances that are produced in the digestive endocrine system.

In a normal state, the active substance is capable of inhibiting the synthesis of growth hormone, provoked by arginine, physical exercise or hypoglycemia. Injections of the drug are not accompanied by hormonal hypersecretion by the type of negative feedback.

Patients with acromegaly achieve a stable decrease in the amount of somatotropin and stabilization of the IGF-1 (somatomedin C) content by administering the drug.

In a significant number of patients, Octride reduces the severity of symptoms such as headaches, hyperhidrosis, numbness of the extremities, arthralgia, neuropathy, and apathy. In some cases, injections of the drug helped reduce the size of tumors.

In carcinomas, the use of the drug can alleviate symptoms such as dyspepsia and hot flashes. In most patients, the relief is combined with a decrease in the level of serotonin in the blood and the excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid by the kidneys.

In neoplasms with excessive VIP production, Octride treatment reduces the manifestations of intestinal hypersecretion, which significantly improves the patient's quality of life. At the same time, a decrease in the number of electrolyte metabolism disorders is achieved, for example, low potassium levels in the blood. This makes it possible to avoid additional administration of fluid and electrolytic mixtures. According to tomographic data, many patients experience inhibition of tumor growth, or even its regression, especially metastatic foci in the liver. Relief of clinical manifestations may be accompanied by stabilization of VIP in the blood.

Using Octride in glucagon therapy can eliminate the rash, although the drug has no effect on the course of diabetes itself. No adjustment of insulin or hypoglycemic agents is required. Along with the elimination of diarrhea symptoms, body weight may increase. The improvement in condition is usually long-lasting and stable.

When treating gastrinos, Octride may reduce the production of gastric juice, which in turn will affect bowel function. Sometimes a decrease in the level of gastrin in the blood may be observed.

When treated with insulin, Octride reduces the IRI content in the blood. When preparing for surgery, the drug can facilitate the restoration and stabilization of blood sugar levels.

Octride alleviates the symptoms of acromegaly by suppressing the production of somatotropin, peptides and serotonin. At the same time, the level of IGF-1 is normalized.

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Pharmacokinetics

1. With subcutaneous injection, the active component is easily absorbed. The maximum content in the blood is observed after half an hour.

2. The connection with plasma proteins is about 65%, with blood cells – in small quantities.

3. Total clearance rates are within 160 ml per minute. Half-life is 100 minutes. The main amount of the drug is excreted with feces, approximately 32% is excreted unchanged with urine. When administered intravenously, the drug is excreted in two stages, which corresponds to 10 and 90 minutes.

4. In old age, clearance may decrease and half-life may increase. In chronic severe kidney damage, clearance may decrease by half.

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Dosing and administration

Octride is administered as subcutaneous or intravenous injections.

The initial dosage is 50 mcg per day (subcutaneously 1-2 times). Then the frequency of injections and dosage can be increased, which is determined by the tolerability of the drug, the clinical effect and the positive dynamics of treatment.

Most often, injections are prescribed up to 3 times a day.

For the treatment of acromegaly, the drug is used subcutaneously from 50 to 100 mcg every 8-12 hours. Then the dosage is determined depending on the results of hormonal studies, changes in clinical symptoms, and the patient's condition. Most often, the daily amount of the drug can be from 200 to 300 mcg. The maximum amount is 1500 mcg per day. Treatment is stopped if the expected effect is not achieved after three months.

For the treatment of endocrine neoplasms of the digestive tract, Octride is administered subcutaneously, initially at 50 mcg up to 2 times a day. The dosage can then be revised upwards, to 100 or 200 mcg, up to 3 times a day.

To prevent postoperative complications, the solution is administered subcutaneously: 100 mcg 60 minutes before laparotomy, and 100 mcg three times a day after surgery (for a week). In some situations, the dosage is revised on an individual basis.

If the maximum permissible dosage does not produce the desired effect within a week, treatment is discontinued.

To stop bleeding from esophageal vessels affected by varicose veins, Octride is administered intravenously, by drip, for 5 days. The rate of administration is 25 mcg per hour.

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Use Octreid during pregnancy

To date, there is insufficient practical experience of using Octride by pregnant women. In relation to the potential danger to the unborn child, the drug belongs to category B. Thus, Octride is recommended to be prescribed during pregnancy only in situations where the expected effect for the woman is estimated to be higher than the possible risk to the unborn child.

There is no reliable information on whether the active component of the drug penetrates into breast milk. For this reason, caution should be exercised if Octride is planned for use in a nursing woman.

Contraindications

The drug should be avoided if the patient is prone to an allergic reaction to the active substance of the drug.

Octride should be used with extreme caution and under mandatory medical supervision during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and in patients with diabetes and gallstone disease.

Side effects Octreid

The medicine may have a number of side effects:

• weight loss, bouts of vomiting and nausea, painful spasms in the epigastric region, increased gas formation, diarrhea, formation of stones in the biliary system;
• acute inflammation of the pancreas, cholelithiasis, liver disorders (inflammation of the liver parenchyma without bile stasis), hyperbilirubinemia;
• slowing of heart rate;
• latent diabetes mellitus, sometimes persistent hyperglycemia, less often hypoglycemia, glucose metabolism disorder;
• allergic reactions (rashes, skin redness, swelling);
• locally – pain in the area of drug administration, swelling, burning sensation, hyperemia;
• rarely - transient baldness.

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Overdose

Tests with doses of the drug in the amount of 2000 mcg subcutaneously three times over 2-3 months were tolerated by patients without problems.

Use in higher doses may cause the following symptoms:

• decreased heart rate, facial flushing, pain and spasms in the abdominal cavity, diarrhea, bouts of nausea, a feeling of an “empty stomach”.

The listed symptoms completely disappeared within 24 hours after the administration of a single, high dose of the drug.

Administration of excessive doses was not accompanied by reactions that posed a threat to the patient's viability.

In case of accidental administration of large doses of the drug, symptomatic treatment may be prescribed.

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Interactions with other drugs

Octride reduces the rate of absorption of cyclosporines and cimetidine.

The combined use of the drug leads to an increase in the bioavailability of bromocriptine.

When taken simultaneously with diuretics, ß-blockers, calcium channel blockers, as well as hypoglycemic agents, insulin, glucagon, dosage adjustment is required.

Combination with drugs that are metabolized with the participation of cytochrome P150 isoenzymes should be used with extreme caution. This also includes drugs such as quinidine and terfenadine.

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Storage conditions

The medicine is stored in dark, dry places, preferably in a special refrigerator, at temperatures from +2°C to +8°C. Children should not be allowed near the places where the medicine is stored.

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Shelf life

The shelf life is up to 3 years, after which the medicine should be thrown away.

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