Hypertension 1 degree

Elevated blood pressure is perhaps the most common symptom with which a doctor is consulted. The "pressure jump" is caused by constant stresses (at work or at home), improper nutrition, lack of adequate rest, and bad habits. Hypertension 1 degree is the initial degree of a serious disease. This is the period when it is still possible to prevent the possible consequences of constant high blood pressure.

Hypertension 1 degree is characterized by a stable or frequent increase in pressure, and not only in a state of stressful situation, overexcitation or physical overload. In these conditions, increased pressure is considered a variant of the norm. But the increase in indicators without apparent causes to 140/90 mm Hg. Art. And higher may indicate the development of an easy stage of hypertension of the 1st degree.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Variants of risks for hypertension of 1 degree

The diagnosis of grade 1 hypertensive disease can be established if the systolic pressure is increased to 18.7-21.2 kPa (140-159 mm Hg), and the diastolic pressure index is up to 12.0-12.5 kPa (90 -94 mm Hg).

In addition, another value is established, which characterizes the existing probability of complications and adverse consequences of the disease. This value is called a risk and subdivides it into 4 degrees.

1. Hypertension 1 degree 1 risk - is established when the patient has a 15% prognosis that for 10 years he will have cardiovascular complications.
2. Hypertension 1 degree 2 risk - is established if the patient's forecast for the development of cardiovascular complications for the next 10 years is 20%.
3. Hypertension 1 degree 3 risk - is assigned if the estimated prognosis of cardiovascular complications for the next decade is up to 30%.
4. There is also a 4 degree of risk, which has the most unfavorable prognosis - more than 30% of possible complications.

The risk percentage is determined not only by indicators of blood pressure, but also by the state of the heart and blood vessels, by the presence of other diseases (mainly chronic ones). Also pay attention to hereditary predisposition, violations of the hormonal balance, diseases of the urinary system.

Symptoms of hypertension of 1 degree

Hypertension 1 degree refers to the most easy variant of the disease, so the expressed symptoms may not be. Moreover, often a patient discovers that he has high blood pressure accidentally, with a preventive examination, while noting only periodic malaise and headaches.

Changes in the fundus at this stage may not be, cardiac activity is normal, there are also no disorders of urinary function. Occasionally, the patient notes pain in the head, a slight dizziness, a feeling of fatigue and weakness, perhaps - small bleeding from the nose, tinnitus.

The main symptom of hypertension of 1 degree is a pain in the head. Pain is transient, it is fickle, most pronounced in the region of the crown and occiput. Can be combined with dizziness and frequent palpitations. The examination determines the increase in systolic and diastolic pressure indices.

More pronounced and serious symptoms appear already in the transition of hypertension to 2 or 3 severity.

Diagnosis of hypertension 1 degree

Diagnosis of hypertension consists in determining the stability of the increase in blood pressure and assessment of the degree of the disease. In addition, it should be concluded that hypertension is a primary disease, because increased blood pressure may be a sign of some other pathology.

At the first appointment, the doctor must measure the blood pressure on the left and right hand: in subsequent measures, the measurements are taken on the limb where the indices were higher. Sometimes, if necessary, pressure measurements are also made on the lower limbs. For a more accurate diagnosis, it is recommended to conduct two or more measurements with a time interval of one week.

Among the mandatory studies that should be conducted for each patient in the detection of elevated blood pressure, we can distinguish:

• anamnesis of the disease (questioning the patient: when he felt the pressure increase, under what circumstances, whether the family is suffering from hypertension, etc.);
• visual inspection;
• general urine analysis;
• blood test for hemoglobin, hematocrit, creatinine, sugar, for the content of potassium and calcium;
• analysis of lipid composition of blood, cholesterol tests;
• electrocardiography;
• X-ray (thorax);
• assessment of the status of the fundus;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity.

If these studies were sufficient to confirm the primary nature of the disease and determine the degree of hypertension, then at this stage, the diagnostic activities finish.

If other pathologies are found during the examination that can directly influence the increase in blood pressure, then a detailed diagnosis of already detected diseases is prescribed.

[7], [8]

Treatment of hypertension 1 degree

Usually, treatment of hypertension 1 degree is performed without the use of medications, since this degree is the easiest and can be treated by correcting the regime of the day and nutrition. What are the principles of this therapy?

• Reduction of body weight to physiological norm. Simply put, if the patient is overweight, then he should lose weight. It is known that with each dropped kilogram the index of blood pressure decreases by 2 mm of mercury. Art.
• Refusal from bad habits (smoking and drinking).
• Moderate physical activity (not excessive).
• Salt-free diet (no more than 3-5 grams of salt per day).
• Exclusion of stressful and emotional overload.

A great benefit is provided by auxiliary medical methods:

• psychotherapeutic treatment, relaxation;
• acupuncture, manual therapy, massage procedures;
• physiotherapeutic measures (application of diadynamic currents, hyperbaric oxygenation);
• treatment of herbs and medicinal preparations (motherwort, hawthorn, sweet clover, immortelle, etc.).

Tablets that lower blood pressure can be prescribed only if the standard non-drug therapy does not bring the expected effect.

Treatment of hypertension of 1 degree with tablets

To treat hypertension 1 degree, use sedative and antihypertensive drugs, as well as medications that have a positive effect on tissue metabolism.

On the mechanism of action, hypotensive drugs are divided into several categories:

1. Neuro- and psychotropic drugs that have a calming and antidepressant effect. These drugs include tranquilizers (diazepam, trioxazine, chlordiazepoxide), sedatives (bromide preparations, valerian, magnesium preparations, hypnotics), antidepressants (amitriptyline, etc.).
2. Means that influence the sympatho-adrenal system. These medications include medications of central effect (guanfacin, methyldopha, clonidine), peripheral medications (sympatholytic drugs such as guanethidine, or ganglion blockers: pyrilene, imichin, dimecolin, etc.), as well as complex preparations: reserpine, indiral, tracicore, phentolamine, labetalol and the like.
3. Diuretics (diuretics), which reduce the plasma volume, remove sodium salts and water. Such medications include the thiazide group (hypothiazide, indopres, hydrochlorothiazide), ethacrynic acid and furosemide, as well as potassium-sparing "loop" diuretics (veroshpiron, amiloride, mannitol, lasix, spironolactone).
4. Vasodilator preparations of peripheral action that act on the smooth muscle structures of blood vessels of the systemic circulation (apressin, sydnofarm, vazonite, molsidomine, etc.).
5. Medications that are capable of specifically affecting the renin-angiotensin system (berlipril, captopril, diovan, kaptopres, enap, prestarium, ramise, etc.).

Doses of tablets are selected individually for each patient. Typically, the reception starts with the lowest possible dosage - ¼ or ½ tablets once a day or one-time. The schedule of taking and the dose should be calculated by a doctor at an individual reception. Self-medication with antihypertensive drugs is unacceptable!

Nutrition for hypertension 1 degree

An integral part of the treatment for hypertension 1 degree should be nutrition, with the restriction of salt, liquid and animal fats. Fats of animal origin can provoke atherosclerotic changes in the vessels, which negatively affects their clearance. Fats are sharply limited in the diet, and the advantage is given to vegetable crops, dietary low-fat meat and fish, dairy products, herbs.

The amount of salt used is limited to 3-5 g / day, or is removed altogether. The amount of liquid used should be limited to 0.8-1 liter / day.

The main thrust of changes in diet is a decrease in the amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream, a decrease in the volume of circulating blood, and prevention of fluid retention in the tissues of the body.

Protein in the diet should be reduced to 90 g, fats - up to 70 g (preferring vegetable), carbohydrates - up to 400 g / day.

Products preferably have a stewed, boiled form, or cook in a double boiler. Six meals a day is recommended in small portions. All products must be fresh, without preservatives and stabilizers.

Diet at 1 degree of hypertension

What foods should not be included in the diet for hypertension 1 degree:

• fatty foods (fat, fatty meats and fish, including fish oil, fatty dairy products);
• alcohol;
• desserts with butter cream, sweet dishes, including pure sugar, bee products, jam, sweets;
• coffee, cocoa, strongly brewed black tea, cola;
• pickles, smoked products, canned and pickled dishes, spicy seasonings and spices.

What foods should be used for hypertension of 1 degree:

• greens (dill, coriander, parsley);
• vegetables, including potatoes, carrots, cabbage;
• Grains (rice, buckwheat, millet, etc.);
• berries (rose hips, raspberries, blueberries);
• fruit (bananas, apricots, peaches, citrus fruits, pineapples, etc.);
• vegetable oils;
• garlic, onion;
• vegetable soups and side dishes;
• low-fat dairy products.

You can arrange once a week unloading days: vegetable, kefir, watermelon.

A properly selected diet will ensure that all necessary substances and trace elements enter the body, which will positively affect the stabilization of pressure and improve the patient's quality of life.

[9], [10], [11],

Hypertension 1 degree and the army

Many conscripts are interested in the question: are they taking into the army with hypertension of the 1st degree?

As a rule, if a medical commission in a military registration and enlistment office finds an increase in arterial pressure corresponding to hypertension of the 1st degree (systolic - no less than 140 mm Hg and diastolic - no less than 90 mm Hg), then in most cases it is assigned a category "Fit with limitations". This means that under this call in peacetime, a young man is likely not to be called. But with the next call, he will again be directed to the medical board, where he will again check the pressure. If the diagnosis is confirmed again, the draftee will be taken to the reserve and given out a military ticket. If the diagnosis is not confirmed - will have to serve.

The category "fit with restrictions" may not provide for military service only in peacetime. In wartime, such a recruit will be drafted into the army, even with hypertension of the 1st degree.

Unqualified conscripts with 2 and 3 degrees of hypertension are not subject to military service in the army.

Hypertension 1 degree - an insidious disease, requiring careful attention to yourself. It is difficult to get rid of persistent pressure increase, therefore, every effort should be made to pacify the disease at its easiest stage. Therefore it is important to visit a doctor regularly, monitor pressure indicators and lead a correct lifestyle and nutrition. A comprehensive and competent approach to the problem will allow for years to keep the pressure in the norm.