Famotidine

Famotidine is a drug used in diseases of the digestive tract. Consider the main indications for its use, possible side effects, dosage and contraindications.

The medicine is prescribed for patients with gastrointestinal lesions, with duodenal ulcer and stomach ulcer. Tablets belong to the blockers of H2-histamine receptors. The drug suppresses the secretion of hydrochloric acid as its own. This is due to the stimulation of gastrin, histamine and acetylcholine. In this case, the activity of enzymes that break down proteins - pepsin - decreases. The therapeutic effect occurs 60 minutes after a single dose and lasts from 12-14 hours.

Before using the medication, you need to remember that it can hide symptoms caused by carcinoma of the stomach. Therefore, before the start of therapy, it is necessary to exclude any malignant neoplasms. The refusal to take should be gradual, since there is a risk of developing a bounce syndrome due to a sharp cancellation. With prolonged therapy of patients with weakened immune system and nervous disorders, bacterial lesions of the stomach and further spread of infection are possible.

Blockers of H2-histamine receptors are allowed to take 2-3 hours after such drugs as: Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Histamine, Pentagastrin. This will avoid reducing their absorption and influence on the acid-forming function of the stomach. Active components suppress the skin reaction when using Histamine, that is, provoke false negative results. Therefore, before carrying out skin tests for diagnostic purposes, it is necessary to stop taking H2-histamine receptors. In addition, during therapy, you should avoid eating foods and drinks that irritate the gastric mucosa.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Indications Famotidine

H2-histamine receptors are prescribed for patients with various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Let's consider the basic indications to application Famotidine:

• Stomach ulcer
• Duodenal ulcer
• Inflammation of the esophagus (caused by the throwing of gastric contents into the organ)
• Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
• Systemic mastocytosis
• Erosive gastroduodenitis
• Functional dyspepsia (similar to an increase in secretory function)
• Reflux-esophagitis
• Preventive maintenance of relapses of bleedings in the postoperative period
• Treatment and prevention of symptomatic and stressful gastrointestinal ulcers
• Prevention of aspiration pneumonitis
• Polyendocrine adenomatosis
• Prevention of Mendelssohn syndrome (aspiration of gastric juice in patients undergoing general anesthetic surgery)
• Dyspepsia with epigastric or pain in the chest, arising at night or associated with food intake
• Prevention of relapse associated with long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

[6], [7], [8]

Release form

Famotidine has a tablet form of release. Capsules are available in this dosage:

• 20 mg (0,02 g) - in the package of 20 pieces
• 40 mg (0,04 g) - in each package of 20 pieces

Basic physical and chemical properties: tablets are white, round, oboeducucal, covered with a coating, do not have an odor.

[9], [10], [11], [12], [13]

Famotidine "lx"

One of the variants of the H2-histamine receptor blocker is Famotidine "lx". International and chemical name of the medicinal product: famotidine; N2- (aminosulfonyl) -3 - [[[2- (diaminomethylene) amino] thiazol-4-yl] methyl] thio] propanamide. The drug has a tablet form, covered with an enteric-dissolvable coating, to 0.02 g of active ingredient.

• Pharmacotherapeutic group - drugs that affect metabolism and the digestive system. It is an antagonist of H2 receptors of the third generation. Suppresses and reduces the production of hydrochloric acid and the activity of pepsin. After oral administration, it is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but not completely. Bioavailability of 45% and changes in the presence of food, half-life - 3-5 hours.
• It is used for therapy and prevention of exacerbations of duodenal ulcers and stomach, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Dosage is selected individually for each patient. As a rule, appoint 40 mg per day, before bed, the duration of treatment is 1-2 months. When the therapeutic effect is achieved, supportive application of 20 mg per day is shown.
• Side effects are manifested in the form of headaches, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea or constipation, skin-allergic reactions and violations in the liver. Tablets are not used for hypersensitivity to their components, during pregnancy and lactation and for patients under 14 years of age. Overdosing manifests itself as an increase in side effects.

[14], [15], [16], [17]

Famotidine 10 medic

To treat peptic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract used a lot of medicines. But special attention should be paid to Famotidine 10 medic. Its chemical and international name is famotidin; [1-amino-3 - [[[2- [(diaminomethylene) -amino] -4-thiazolyl] methyl] thio] propylidene] sulfamide. One tablet contains 10 mg of active ingredient. Included in the pharmacotherapeutic group of agents for the treatment and prevention of gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer.

• The drug suppresses the secretion of hydrochloric acid (basal and stimulated by gastrin, histamine and acetylcholine) and weakly inhibits the oxidase system of cytochrome P450 in the liver. One-time use effectively suppresses the secretion of gastric juice and strengthens the protective mechanisms of the gastrointestinal mucosa. This is associated with an increase in the formation of gastric mucus, glycoproteins and stimulation of bicarbonate secretion, which accelerates the healing process of mucosal lesions.
• After oral administration, it is quickly and completely absorbed. The maximum concentration in the blood plasma is observed after 2-2.5 hours. Bioavailability at the level of 20-60%, about 10-30% of the active components binds to albumin in the blood plasma. 20-35% - is excreted unchanged in the urine, 30-35% - is metabolized in the liver. The elimination half-life takes 3-4 hours, but in patients with creatinine clearance it can reach 20 hours.
• Used for symptomatic treatment and prevention of nonulcer dyskinesia, which is caused by the hyperacidity of gastric juice, due to unhealthy diets or drinks, alcohol and tobacco abuse. Tablets take 10 mg twice a day for an hour before meals. With daily use, the duration of therapy should not exceed 14 days.
• Side effects are manifested by all organs and systems, but more often it is: headaches, dizziness, abnormalities in GIT, increased fatigue, arrhythmia, leukopenia, skin allergic reactions, muscle pains, dry skin.
• It is not used for hypersensitivity to the active ingredient, during pregnancy and lactation, for the therapy of under-aged patients. In case of an overdose, it is possible to lower blood pressure, collapse, limb tremor, vomiting, tachycardia. Hemodialysis is effective, symptomatic therapy and gastric lavage are carried out.

[18], [19],

Famotidine 20-sl

Means for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer, allow to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract and minimize the negative impact on the body. Famotidine 20-cl is included in the category of such drugs.

• Used to eliminate ulcerative lesions of the duodenum and stomach. Effective with gastric bleeding, reflux-esophagitis, that is, conditions that require inhibition of the secretion of gastric juice. It is used for increased secretion of gastric juice - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and as a prophylaxis for erosive and ulcerative gastrointestinal lesions on the background of NSAID administration.
• The active substance is famotidine, one tablet contains 20 mg. The drug suppresses secretion, reducing the contents of the food enzyme pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Due to this, the gastrointestinal tract is protected from the influence of aggressive factors provoking the progression of the ulcer. Dosage and duration of therapy depend on the individual characteristics of the patient's body and the severity of the disease.
• After prima, rapidly dissolves in the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in blood plasma is achieved after 1-4 hours, bioavailability at 43%. Eating does not affect the absorption and distribution process.
• As a rule, famotidine is well tolerated, but side effects are possible. Most often these are headaches, diarrhea, muscle and joint pains, constipation, nausea, flatulence, skin allergic reactions. It is not used during pregnancy and lactation, by patients under 14 years of age, and when hypersensitivity to active components.

[20], [21], [22], [23], [24],

Famotidine 40-sl

Suppressing the secretion of hydrochloric acid and food enzyme preparations, are used to treat ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract. Famotidine 40-sl refers to them, since it protects the stomach and duodenum from aggressive factors that cause pathological ailments.

• The drug is available in tablet form. Basic physical and chemical properties: the tablets are covered with an enteric coating, round with an oboeducleate surface. One capsule contains 40 mg of the active ingredient. After prima inside, quickly absorbed, the maximum concentration in the serum comes in 1-4 hours.
• Eating does not affect absorption and bioavailability. It is distributed in the tissues of the kidneys, liver, digestive tract, submandibular and pancreas. Binding to blood proteins - 20%, half-life - 3 hours, but pharmacological effects persist longer.
• The medication is prescribed for the treatment of ulcerative lesions of the digestive system, with violations of the secretion of gastric juice, as a prophylaxis of erosive and ulcerative gastrointestinal lesions caused by the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The dosage and method of administration depend on the severity of the disease. Eating does not affect the pharmacokinetic features of the drug.
• Side effects cause headaches and dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, gastrointestinal disorders. Tablets are not used for hypersensitivity to active components, pregnant women and patients under 14 years of age. Symptoms of overdose are expressed as an increase in side effects.
• Before the beginning of therapy it is necessary to be convinced of absence of malignant lesions of a stomach and a duodenum. This is due to the fact that the drug can hide a symptomatic picture of cancer of the stomach. With extreme caution is used by patients with impaired liver and kidney function.

[25], [26],

Famotidine-darnitsa

The blockers of H2-histamine receptors of the stomach walls, which reduce the secretion of gastric juice, are used to treat ulcers of the digestive system. Famotidine-darnitsa reduces the amount and concentration of gastric juice and pepsin. Tablets are effective in the syndrome of Zollinger-Ellison, reflux-esophagitis, ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

• Famotidine is released in a dosage of 20 and 40 mg. Take at night, as this reduces basal and night secretion of gastric juice. Does not affect the level of gastrin before or after meals, on gastric emptying and the secretory function of the pancreas, portal blood flow and hepatic circulation.
• After oral administration, it is quickly and completely absorbed. Biological availability is 40% and does not depend on the contents of the stomach. The maximum concentration in blood plasma - after 1-3 hours, repeated reception causes the effect of cumulation. Binding to plasma proteins - 15-20%, half-life - up to 20 hours. Metabolized in the liver, excreted by the kidneys.
• In the treatment of benign lesions of the stomach and duodenum, take 40 mg in a single dose or 20 mg in the morning and in the evening, for 4-8 weeks. For preventive purposes - 20 mg once a day, for 1-4 weeks. To eliminate chronic gastritis (with increased acid-forming function) appoint 40 mg per day, the course of 2-4 weeks. With Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the recommended dosage is 20 mg 4 times a day, the duration of the course is individual.
• Side effects are manifested by all organs and systems of the body, but most often this: arrhythmia, nausea, vomiting, pain in the peritoneum, diarrhea or constipation, allergic skin reactions, muscle and joint pain. In rare cases, there are bronchospasm, violations in the liver and kidneys.
• It is contraindicated to use with hypersensitivity to the components of the remedy, as well as during pregnancy, lactation and children of childhood. In case of an overdose, there is an increase in side effects. Most often it is a reduction in blood pressure, tachycardia, vomiting and tremor. Supportive and symptomatic therapy is used to eliminate adverse symptoms.

Famotidine-Health

Ukrainian pharmaceutical company "Health" and LLC "Farmex Group" are engaged in the production of various medications. Famotidine-health is produced by this enterprise and is a selective antagonist of H2 receptors of the third generation. The active substance is famotidine, one tablet contains 20 mg. The drug is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer.

• After ingestion quickly and completely absorbed, eating does not affect this process. The maximum concentration in blood plasma - after 1-3 hours, the binding with blood proteins - 15-20%, bioavailability - 40-45%. Metabolized in the liver, forming an inactive sulfoxide metabolite, excreted by the kidneys. It penetrates the placental barrier, into the cerebrospinal fluid and breast milk.
• The mechanism of action is due to the inhibition of H2 histamine receptors in the stomach wall. This reduces the secretion and volume of gastric juice, and the activity of pepsin. Strengthens the protective mechanisms of the gastric mucosa by increasing the secretion of gastric mucus. This speeds up the healing processes of the existing lesions.
• Contraindicated with intolerance of H2 antagonists of histamine receptors and any other components of the agent. It is used with caution by elderly patients and patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Do not administer to pregnant women, during lactation and for patients under 14 years of age. Dosage and duration of therapy depend on the severity of the disease and the age of the patient.
• In case of an overdose, vomiting, motor agitation, lowering of arterial pressure, increased heart rate, tremor occur. As a treatment, symptomatic therapy, gastric lavage or induction of vomiting is used. Hemodialysis is effective.
• Side effects most often cause disorders of the digestive tract - vomiting, nausea, hepatitis, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth. There are undesirable symptoms from the hematopoietic system - it is leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. Most often there are headaches, dizziness, convulsions, muscle weakness, depression, anxiety and anxiety, confusion, allergic reactions.

[27], [28]

Pharmacodynamics

Famotidine refers to the pharmacological category of drug-blockers of H2-histamine receptors. Consider the main characteristics of the pharmacodynamics of this drug:

• Suppresses the production of HCl, both basal and stimulated by gastrin, histamine, acetylcholine. Reduces the activity of pepsin and increases the pH level.
• Due to the increase in the volume of gastric mucus and glycoproteins, it increases the protection of the gastric mucosa and the level of stimulation of endogenous synthesis of Pg and stimulation of the secretion of bicarbonate. Accelerates the healing of lesions, effectively stops gastrointestinal bleeding.
• The therapeutic effect occurs 60 minutes after administration and reaches its peak within 3 hours. The therapeutic effect is maintained from 12-24 hours. The active substance weakly suppresses the oxidase system of cytochrome P450 in the liver. When administered intravenously, the maximum result is observed after 30 minutes. Taking a tablet in 10 or 20 mg, suppresses the secretion for 10-12 hours.

[29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34],

Pharmacokinetics

The effectiveness of famotidine indicates not only its composition, but also the processes that occur with it after ingestion. Pharmacokinetics allows you to learn about the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the agent used.

• After oral administration, it is quickly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in blood plasma is achieved in 1-4 hours.
• The active substance penetrates into the cerebrospinal fluid, through the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk. Binding to blood plasma proteins - 15-20%.
• About 35% of the active component is metabolized in the liver, forming an S-oxide.
• The process of elimination is through the kidneys. About 25-40% is excreted unchanged in urine. The elimination half-life takes 2-4 hours, and in patients with liver and kidney damage 10-12 hours.

[35], [36], [37], [38], [39]

Dosing and administration

To achieve a stable therapeutic effect when using medicines, the doctor makes a treatment plan. The method of application and dose of famotidine depends on the severity of the disease, which is subject to therapy, the age of the patient and the individual characteristics of his organism.

• With gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer (exacerbation phase), erosive gastroduodenitis and symptomatic ulcers take 20 mg twice a day or once a day 40 mg at night. With appropriate indications, the daily dose increases to 80-160 mg. The course of therapy is 4-8 weeks.
• To eliminate dyspepsia associated with increased secretory function of the stomach, use 20 mg 1-2 times a day.
• With Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the dosage and duration of therapy is individual for each patient. The primary dose is 20 mg every 6 hours, but can be increased to 160 mg.
• When refpux-esophagitis - 20-40 mg 1-2 times a day, for 6-12 weeks.
• Prevention of recurrence of the ulcer - 20 mg 1 time a day before bedtime.
• Prevention of aspiration of gastric juice with general anesthesia - 40 mg in the morning / evening before the operation.

Tablets are not chewed, swallowed, washed down with a copious amount of liquid. 

[45], [46], [47], [48]

Use Famotidine during pregnancy

With special difficulties in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach, women face in the period of gestation. The use of famotidine during pregnancy is contraindicated. This is due to the fact that the drug belongs to the blockers of H2-histamine receptors. Preparations of this pharmacological group penetrate into all biological fluids, that is, through the placental barrier and even into breast milk.

This can adversely affect the development of the fetus and cause a number of negative symptoms in the mother. The medicine is not used during lactation. If the use of the drug is mandatory, then the expectant mother should understand all the risks. But, as a rule, pregnant women are selected with safer drugs with minimal side effects.

Contraindications

Each drug has certain limitations to use. Consider the main contraindications for the use of famotidine:

• Individual intolerance of active components
• Hypersensitivity to blockers of histamine H2 receptors
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
• Age of patients under 16 years old

With extreme caution, the medication is used by elderly patients and with impaired renal and hepatic function.

[40], [41],

Side effects Famotidine

In some cases, the use of a given drug causes a number of negative symptoms. This can be caused by a failure to comply with the recommended dosage or exceeding the duration of the treatment course.

Consider the main side effects of famotidine:

• Disorders in the work of the digestive system - vomiting, nausea, increased activity of hepatic enzymes in the blood, constipation and diarrhea, cholestatic jaundice, pain in the peritoneum.
• Headaches and dizziness, fatigue, various mental disorders (nervousness, depression, insomnia, apathy), taste disorders.
• Muscle and joint pain
• Skin Allergic Reactions
• Itching
• Reduction of the level of leukocytes in the blood
• Reduction of granulocytes in the blood
• Reduction of platelets in the blood
• Bronchospasm
• Disorders in the work of the cardiovascular system
• Pancytopenia (in rare cases)

If the above symptoms appear, seek medical help immediately.

[42], [43], [44]

Overdose

Failure to comply with the conditions of use of any pharmaceutical means entails a number of negative consequences. Overdose often manifests itself as an increase in the severity of side effects. Patients complain of vomiting, nausea, lowering blood pressure, tachycardia, motor excitation, tremor and collapse.

As a treatment for the above symptoms, gastric lavage or induction of vomiting is performed. Effective is hemodialysis. Symptomatic and maintenance therapy is shown to restore normal functioning of the body. In rare cases, cramps are possible, for which elimination diazepam is administered intravenously, with ventricular arrhythmias - lidocaine, with bradycardia - atropine.

[49], [50]

Interactions with other drugs

In the treatment of any disease, many medications are used, which have to be used simultaneously to enhance the therapeutic effect. Let's consider the basic nuances of interaction Famotidine with other drugs:

• When used with clavulanic acid and amoxicillin, their absorption increases.
• Compatible with 0,9 / 0,18% solution of sodium chloride, 4.2% sodium bicarbonate solution and 4/5% dextrose solution.
• When used with antacids with magnesium, sucralfate and aluminum, the level of drug absorption is reduced. To avoid this effect, the intake between the preparations should be at least 1-2 hours.
• The drug depresses the metabolism of diazepam, propranolol, theophylline, hexobarbital, lidocaine and indirect anticoagulants.
• Since the medicine causes an increase in the pH of the contents of the stomach, the interaction with ketoconazole and itraconazole decreases their absorption.
• When used simultaneously with drugs that depress the bone marrow, the risk of developing neutropenia increases.

[51], [52]

Storage conditions

Since the medication is available in tablet form, the storage conditions correspond to this form of release:

• Store Famotidine in its original packaging.
• Observe room storage temperature
• Keep out of the reach of children and protected from sunlight.

[53],

Shelf life

Any drug has a shelf life after the expiration, which its properties and efficiency are reduced. In addition, streaked Famotidine can cause side effects from all organs and systems.

Famotidine is permitted for use within 36 months from the date of manufacture indicated on the package. At the end of this period, the drug is prohibited from taking and must be disposed of.

[54]