Dalacin

Dalatsin refers to the antibiotics of the lincosamide group. Such drugs are resistant to the effects of gastric juice. The main active ingredient of Dalacin is clindamycin, which is active against some bacteria and prevents the propagation of pathogenic microflora.  

[1], [2]

Indications of the dalacine

Dalacin is prescribed to patients with:

• otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and other respiratory diseases of an infectious nature. Also, the drug is prescribed for purulent inflammation of the lung, inflammation of the pleura;
• pustular inflammation of the skin, infected wounds, impetigo and other infectious skin lesions. Also, the drug is used for inflammation of the joints;
• inflammation of the mucous membrane of the uterus, acute purulent inflammation of adipose tissue, infection of the cervix, inflammation of the fallopian tubes and other diseases of the female genitourinary system caused by infections;
• purulent inflammation of the abdominal cavity, peritonitis and other intra-abdominal infections;
• inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity (inflammation of the root shell of the tooth, purulent inflammation of the periodontium, etc.);

Dalacin is also prescribed as a prophylaxis for inflammation of the inner shell of the heart, after surgical interventions in the neck and head, peritonitis.

In addition, the drug is used for malaria, including the disease caused by protozoa and parasites of the genus Plasmodium.

Release form

Dalacin is available in the form of capsules or solution for injection.

The active substance in capsules can be 150 mg or 300 mg, in ampoules - 300 mg or 600 mg.

The carton contains two blisters with eight capsules each. Ampoules can be 4 ml individually or in 10 ampoules in a carton. 

[3], [4]

Pharmacodynamics

Dalacin destroys gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, anthrax, diphtheria, etc.).  

The drug is also effective for actinomycetes, bacteroides, clostridia, eubacteria, fusobacteria, peptococci, peptostreptococcus, prevotella, propionibacteria.

The sensitivity to the drug has chlamydia, leptospira, mycoplasma, malarial plasmodia, toxoplasm.

Do not use Dalacin in case the infection is caused by gram-negative microorganisms and strains that are resistant to lincomycin. 

[5], [6]

Pharmacokinetics

Dalacin after intake is absorbed into the digestive tract by almost 90%. The rate of absorption does not depend on the intake of food.

The drug quickly penetrates into the general circulatory system and after about an hour it is possible to observe the highest concentration of the substance in the plasma. In the elderly, as well as in patients with renal insufficiency, the half-life may increase.

After taking clindamycin observed in all organs and body fluids (in particular, the secret of bronchi, saliva, liver, gall bladder, appendix, etc.). The drug in large quantities accumulates in the bone marrow.

The active substance overcomes the hematoplacental barrier and accumulates in large quantities in breast milk.

Dalacin can not overcome the blood-brain barrier.

Approximately 10% of the drug is excreted unchanged. Metabolization of the active substance occurs in the liver, most of the drug is excreted by the kidneys.

After a long time, accumulation of the drug and metabolic disturbances do not occur. 

[7]

Dosing and administration

Dalatsin in tablets is appointed by the attending physician, which determines the dosage and course of treatment. When prescribing a drug, comorbidities, age, severity of the condition, etc. Are taken into account.

Tablets take whole (it is better to drink the pill while eating).

The standard dosage for adults is 150 mg four times a day (take the tablets at regular intervals).

In severe cases, it is allowed to increase the dosage to 450 mg at a time.

In chlamydia, infectious inflammation of the uterus is prescribed for 450 mg every six hours, the course of treatment - two weeks.

For children, the dosage is calculated taking into account the weight (usually a day is prescribed up to 25 mg, which must be divided into four doses).

Injections of Dalacin can be administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

Intramuscularly the drug is administered no more than 600 mg at a time, intravenously - about 30 g per minute. The course of treatment is not less than four days. If necessary, after the end of the course of injections, Dalacin is given in tablets.

The standard dosage for an adult is 150-300 mg to 4 times a day at the same time intervals.

In severe conditions caused by infections, the daily dose can be increased to 2700 mg (for several injections).

In severe conditions with a threat to life, intravenous administration (up to 4800 mg per day) is prescribed.

To dilute the drug used water for injection, 0.9% solution of sodium chloride, 5% solution of dextrose. 

[10]

Use of the dalacine during pregnancy

Dalacin does not have accurate data on the safe use of pregnant women, so prescribing the drug is extremely cautious, given the vital signs of the mother and fetus. 

Contraindications

Dalacin is not prescribed for allergy to certain components of the drug and antibiotics of the linco-cadmoid group.

Contraindications to the appointment of Dalacin are severe renal and hepatic insufficiency, inflammation of the large intestine after antibiotic therapy (including in the past).

Dalacin is not prescribed for children under 1 month. 

Side effects of the dalacine

Dalacin can provoke pain in the stomach, nausea, upset of the stool, inflammation of the esophagus, dysbiosis. In addition, often oral administration of the drug can cause ulcers of the esophagus.

Taking the drug can cause an increase in the blood level of eosinophils, a decrease in neutrophils, leukocytes, platelets.

Dalacin can cause allergic reactions to the skin and mucous membranes (including anaphylactic shock), neuromuscular conduction disorders.

With the rapid administration of Dalacin's injection, weakness, dizziness, increased blood pressure, and stopping breathing may appear.

Intramuscular injections can cause irritation and purulent inflammation at the site of injection.

To avoid the occurrence of local adverse reactions, it is necessary, when intramuscularly administered, to inject the drug as deep as possible into the muscle.

The introduction of the drug through an intravenous catheter can provoke venous inflammation and the formation of blood clots.

[8], [9]

Overdose

Dalacin in elevated doses causes particular clinical manifestations. With an overdose of the drug, various methods of purifying the blood are ineffective. 

[11]

Interactions with other drugs

Dalacin is not prescribed with barbiturates, calcium gluconate, apicillin, erythromycin, magnesium sulfate. Parallel reception of Dalacin with drugs for the treatment of diarrhea increases the likelihood of developing acute inflammation of the intestine. It is also possible to increase the action of the remedies that relax the skeletal musculature.

[12], [13]

Storage conditions

It is stored at a temperature of 15-25 ⁰ C in a place protected from moisture and sun. Keep in a place where small children can not reach.

[14], [15],

Shelf life

Dalacin in tablets is suitable for five years from the date of manufacture, injections - 24 months. The prepared solution can be used within 24 hours.