Dakarbazin-LANTS

Dakarbazin-LENS refers to antitumor drugs that are disastrous for pathological cells.

The principle of the drug is based on the violation of the structure of DNA, which prevents the division of cancer cells and triggers the process of cell death.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Indications Dakarbazin-LANTS

Dakarbazin-Lens is prescribed for metastatic melanoma.

Also, the drug can be prescribed as part of a combination treatment for soft tissue sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (lymphogranulomatosis).

There is evidence that the drug showed good efficacy as a combination therapy with:

• small cell lung cancer,
• sarcoma of the uterus,
• osteogenic sarcoma,
• mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum,
• insulinoma,
• carcinoid,
• pheochromocytoma,
• thyroid cancer,
• neuroblastoma,
• glioma.

[7]

Release form

Dakarbazin-LENS is available in vials that contain powder for the preparation of a solution for injection. Special bottles of lightproof glass with a volume of 100 and 200 mg can be supplied one at a time in a cardboard bundle or at 5, 10, 20 pcs. In a cardboard box with partitions.

[8], [9], [10], [11]

Pharmacodynamics

Dakarbazin-LENS is a drug that suppresses tumor growth, has a disastrous effect on pathological cells. The activity of the drug is manifested after metabolization in the liver.

It is generally believed that the drug acts in three ways: inhibition of organic compounds (purine bases), inhibition of growth of cancer cells and interaction with SH-groups.

[12], [13], [14], [15]

Pharmacokinetics

Dacarbazine-LENS after injection into the vein shows a fairly low bond with proteins (about 5%). The highest concentration in the blood is observed after the introduction of a vein.

The drug is able to penetrate through the physiological barrier between the central nervous system and the circulatory system in small doses. There are no data on the ability of the drug to cross the placental barrier and penetrate into breast milk.

Removal of the drug occurs in two periods, the first - about 20 minutes after the administration, the second - after about 5 hours. If the work of the kidneys or liver is broken, then the withdrawal period increases (the initial - 55 minutes and the final -7 hours). In the liver with the help of microsomal enzymes, the drug is converted to carbon dioxide, which is then exhaled and aminoimidazolecarboxamide, which is excreted in the urine.

About 40% of the drug is excreted by the kidneys unchanged.

[16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]

Dosing and administration

Dakarbazin-LANS is appointed by the doctor individually in each case.

The drug is administered only intravenously. Dosage up to 200 mg is administered within one to two minutes, large dosages are administered by means of droppers for 15-30 minutes.

As the main treatment, dacarbazine-LENS is prescribed for 200-250 mg, the course of treatment is 5 days. After three weeks, the course is repeated.

When combined treatment is prescribed for 100-150 mg, the course of treatment 4-5 days (repeat the course after 4 weeks) or enter 375 mg every 15 days.

To prepare a solution for injection, the powder is diluted with water (10 mg / 1ml). For the preparation of a solution for the dropper 200-300 ml of the drug is diluted with 5% dextrose solution or sodium chloride solution.

[28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]

Use Dakarbazin-LANTS during pregnancy

Dakarbazin-Lens is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women. During treatment it is recommended to use reliable contraceptives.

Contraindications

Dacarbazine-LENS is contraindicated in cases of increased susceptibility to any components of the drug.

This medication is not used in the marked suppression of hematopoiesis, impaired liver or kidney function.

The drug is used with caution with concomitant radiation therapy, acute infectious or viral diseases, fungal and bacterial infections.

[22], [23]

Side effects Dakarbazin-LANTS

Dakarbazin-LENS can cause a decrease in hemoglobin, leukocytes, granulocytes, platelets, suppression of the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow.

As a rule, the decrease in white blood cells occurs two weeks after the end of treatment, platelets - for 18-20 days. Usually, blood counts are restored by the end of the fourth week after the end of the course of treatment.

Treatment with dacarbazine can provoke nausea, poor appetite, inflammation of the oral mucosa. In rare cases, a disorder of the stool develops, an increase in the activity of liver enzymes. Very rarely there is a violation of the function of the hepatic veins, which can provoke a fatal outcome (usually in the second course of treatment). This often causes abdominal pain, increased liver size, fever. A serious condition can worsen in a matter of hours.

The drug can cause headaches, vision problems, cramps, exhaustion, decreased skin sensitivity, numbness, drowsiness.

In women, the drug often leads to a violation of the menstrual cycle (lost monthly), men often develop a decline in the level or complete absence of sperm in the semen.

Often after treatment, pigmentation spots, alopecia, increased skin sensitivity to ultraviolet, allergic reactions, redness of the skin, anaphylactic shock.

After the administration of the drug, severe pain may occur at the site of injection and along the vein. If the drug falls under the skin, it leads to severe pain and necrosis of the tissues.

Long-term treatment with dacarbazine-LENS increases the likelihood of developing new tumors.

[24], [25], [26], [27]

Overdose

Dakarbazin-LENS at increased dosage leads to suppression of hematopoietic function, digestive disorders.

[34], [35], [36], [37]

Interactions with other drugs

Dacarbazine-LENS can enhance the effect (in particular, toxic) of azathioprine, phenobarbital, allopurinol, mercaptopurine. To increase the toxic effect of dacarbazine can phenytoin, rifampicin, barbiturates.

The drug may increase the susceptibility to ultraviolet after methoxypsoralen. 

According to the chemical composition of dacarbazine-LENS is not compatible with sodium gibrokarbonatom, E-cystine, hydrocartisone, heparin.

[38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44]

Storage conditions

Dakarbazin-LENS should be stored at a temperature of 2 to 8 ⁰ C, in a dry place where sunlight does not penetrate.

Dacarbazine should be protected from children.   

[45], [46], [47]

Shelf life

Dakarbazin-Lens is suitable for two years from the date of production, provided that the integrity of the package and the storage conditions are maintained. After the expiry date of the drug can not be used.

[48], [49], [50], [51]