Calypos prolongatum

In addition to vitamins and nutrients necessary for normal existence, our body also needs many microelements. Their deficiency negatively affects health and performance, and the required amount allows you to increase the immune status to combat internal pathology or external invasion. Hypokalemia is a deficiency of potassium in the human body. This is the problem that the drug Calipoz prolongatum helps to solve - a product of the Polish pharmaceutical company Glaxo Smith Kline Pharmaceuticals S.A.

Hypokalemia sounds scary and incomprehensible. Potassium deficiency in the body is understandable and, it would seem, not scary. But these words are synonyms that can lead to terrible and irreversible processes in the human body, up to death. Therefore, the problem should not be ignored. And here a drug with prolonged characteristics - Kalipoz prolongatum - can come to the aid of doctors. You should just remember that self-prescribing the drug and uncontrolled self-medication are not allowed. The drug itself and its dosages should be prescribed by a qualified and experienced specialist. Then you will not have to regret your actions!

Indications Calypos prolongatum

Kalipoz prolongatum is a potassium preparation, the main chemical element of which is potassium chloride. It is its pharmacological characteristics that anticipate the indications for the use of the drug in question.

In essence, Kalipoz prolongatum is a storehouse of assimilable potassium, which, when it enters the patient's body, replenishes its deficiency. It follows that the drug in question is designed to relieve hypokalemia, which can be caused by diseases of various orders:

1. Various nephropathies.
2. Long-term use of diuretics. Potassium is also washed out of the body along with urine.
3. Pathological changes affecting the functioning of the cardiovascular system.
4. Taking medications from other pharmacological groups: cardiac glycosides, glucocorticosteroids.
5. Prevention of hypokalemia.
6. Presence of intestinal fistula.
7. Vomit.
8. Symptoms of diarrhea such as loose stools.
9. Diabetes mellitus.
10. And a number of others.

Release form

The drug in question is supplied to the pharmaceutical market by the manufacturer in the form of tablets – this is, to date, its only form of release.

It is worth noting that modern tablet forms of Kalipoz prolongatum have a prolonged type of action, which is indicated in the name.

The unit of the preparation has a rounded shape with convex sides on both sides. The preparation is produced in a white shade with a reddish-orange protective film. The tablet has no obvious odor.

The main active ingredient of the drug is potassium chloride (kalii chloridum), the concentration of which in a unit of medicine is 0.75 g, which is equivalent to 391 mg of potassium ions.

The medicine Kalipoz prolongatum itself can be found on the shelves of drugstores packed in blasters of ten units. The cardboard packaging, which always includes a leaflet with recommendations for the use of the drug, contains three such blasters. That is, the package contains 30 tablets of Kalipoz prolongatum.

Pharmacodynamics

The active ingredient of the drug under consideration, Kalipoz prolongatum, is potassium chloride. Its pharmacological properties mainly determine the pharmacodynamics of the drug of interest to us.

Potassium chloride is involved in the synthesis of many cytoplasmic enzymes and protein structures of the human body. This chemical compound has a depressing effect on the level of excitability of the myocardium and nerve receptors, reducing its conductivity. It is responsible for the contractile activity of skeletal muscles, increasing their tone and forcing them to contract more actively, removing the diagnosis of myasthenia (a genetic pathology manifested by rapid fatigue of striated muscles) or muscular dystrophy.

Potassium ions are one of the most important structural components of intracellular cations, without which most physiological cellular processes do not occur. Calipoz prolongatum controls and, if necessary, normalizes intracellular tension. Its active substance is an inhibitor of the toxicological activity of cardiac glycosides, while potassium chloride remains inert to their positive inotropic function.

Potassium chloride, or more precisely its ions (K ⁺ ), provide transport services for amino acids, carrying them throughout the body to their “destination”.

When introducing small doses of potassium chloride, an increase in the flow cross-section of the coronary vessels is observed. At the same time, as studies have shown, large blood vessels, on the contrary, reduce this indicator. Caliposus prolongatum has a positive effect on the functioning of the kidneys and elements of the central nervous system, if it was disrupted by a lack of potassium in the body.

Pharmacokinetics

When introducing a specific drug into the treatment protocol, in addition to the pharmacological dynamics of the drug, the specialist treating the disease is also interested in its pharmacokinetics. Due to its prolonged action, the drug in question, Kalipoz prolongatum, provides a gradual and slow release of potassium ions from the dosage form throughout the digestive tract.

The active substance is easily absorbed by the body. At the same time, its highest concentration is recorded in the intestinal area rather than in the blood plasma. The level of adsorption of this drug is about 90%. The maximum concentration can be expected on average five hours after administration. And this figure is usually 5.25 ng/ml.

"Having reached" the ileum and the large intestine, potassium ions (K ⁺ ) "switch places" with positive sodium ions (Na ⁺ ), which allows them to be excreted from the body together with feces. One tenth of the microelement leaves the body with feces. The main mass leaves through the kidneys together with urine.

After being introduced into the body, potassium chloride undergoes a distribution process over the next eight hours.

The biological half-life of the elements of the drug Kalipoz prolongatum against the background of adsorption is on average 1 hour 20 minutes. This indicator of release from a unit of the drug, due to retardation (slowing down of biological processes) passes in time about six hours.

The half-life of the drug (T _1/2 ) in an unchanged state and its metabolites shows a time interval from 2.5 to 6.9 hours (depending on the individual characteristics of the patient's body).

The drug Kalipoz prolongatum has a high bioavailability rate.

Dosing and administration

Before starting treatment, the patient must undergo an examination and, after diagnosis, receive a doctor's prescription. When purchasing a medicine at a pharmacy, the patient also receives instructions from the manufacturer of the drug, which recommends the method of administration and doses of effective administration of the drug. The same applies to the drug in question, Kalipoz prolongatum. But do not forget that there is no identical organism, and there is no absolutely similar history and clinical picture of the disease, so a more specific method and sequence of administration, method of treatment and dosage adjustment remains with the attending physician conducting the therapy.

The company's specialists - the manufacturer recommends that the patient take Kalipoz prolongatum orally, while trying not to crush the tablet, but to swallow it whole. The effectiveness of its intake depends on this. The medicine is washed down with a sufficient amount of water.

The most suitable time for administering the drug is during meals. The starting daily dosage is usually 0.75–3.75 g, divided into two daily administrations.

If hypokalemia is diagnosed against the background of cardiac failure, the starting dose of Kalipoz prolongatum is 1.0 - 1.5 g four to five times a day. After the cardiac rhythm has returned to normal, the dose of the drug is reduced to the recommended dose.

If there is a therapeutic need, the drug can be administered to the patient every six to eight hours.

The maximum daily dosage is 15 g, which corresponds to 20 tablets.

Use Calypos prolongatum during pregnancy

After a woman learns about her status change, most expectant mothers begin to ensure that as few substances as possible enter her body that can affect the natural course of fetal development. On the one hand, this is absolutely correct, but you should not forget about your health. Ignoring health problems can harm not only the woman, but her unborn baby. But only a qualified doctor can solve this dilemma.

To date, the level of influence of the drug in question on the embryo, its formation and development has not yet been fully studied. Therefore, the use of the drug Kalipoz prolongatum during pregnancy is not recommended by doctors and pharmacists.

An exception may be a situation when the clinical picture of the pregnant woman's illness shows an urgent therapeutic need for medical intervention. In this case, the possible risk that threatens the development of the baby is also taken into account.

If such a situation occurs during the period when a young mother is breastfeeding her newborn, the infant should be weaned for the duration of treatment, switching to feeding with specially adapted formulas. This is due to the lack of data on the potential for negative effects and penetration of Caliposa prolongatum into breast milk.

Contraindications

The pharmaceutical product was developed and released to help doctors precisely so that doctors could have a tool to influence the course of a particular disease. But by influencing a pathologically altered area, it is not always possible to protect other areas of the human body from the influence. In light of the above, contraindications to the use of the drug Kalipoz prolongatum are reflected in the list below:

1. Acute form of renal dysfunction, as well as its chronic course.
2. Increased individual intolerance of the patient's body to one or more components of Kalipoz prolongatum.
3. Hypovolemia (decrease in total blood volume) with hyponatremia (significant drop in serum sodium).
4. Hyperkalemia is a disorder in the body caused by an increase in the amount of potassium in the extracellular fluid and blood plasma.
5. Conducting therapy with potassium-sparing diuretics.
6. Tendency to allergic reactions.
7. Adrenal dysfunction.
8. Acidosis is an excessive increase in the acidity of the blood.
9. Perforation of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract.
10. The period during which a woman bears a child.
11. Breastfeeding time.
12. Complete AV block is a disruption of the transmission of nerve impulses in the cardiac conduction system.
13. The use of Kalipoz prolongatum is not permitted if the patient is under 16 years of age.

Side effects Calypos prolongatum

The dosages recommended in the instructions attached to the medicine, mostly, do not cause any negative symptoms. However, due to individual characteristics of the body or when deviating from the recommended dosages, taking Kalipoz prolongatum in a patient may cause side effects.

• Gastrointestinal disorders:
  • Diarrhea or, conversely, constipation.
  • Flatulence.
  • The appearance of nausea in the epigastric region, which, if intense, can provoke vomiting.
  • Belching.
  • Burning sensation.
  • The appearance of painful symptoms in the epigastric region and in the lower abdomen.
• Hyperkalemia is an excessively high amount of potassium in the extracellular fluid and blood plasma.
• Heart rhythm disturbance.
• Violation of atrioventricular conduction of myocardial fibers.
• The appearance of internal gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Confusion of consciousness.
• Perforation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
• Allergy to the drug: skin rashes, itching and redness of the skin.
• Drop in blood pressure.

Overdose

As clinical observations of therapy with Kalipoz prolongatum show, an overdose of its leading active chemical component, which is potassium chloride, is quite possible both due to an excess of the administered amount of the substance and due to the individual susceptibility of the patient's body. In this case, the patient's body reacts to this with a response pathological symptomatology:

1. A sharp drop in blood pressure, even to the point of cardiac arrest.
2. Numbness of the upper and/or lower limbs.
3. Decreased muscle tone.
4. Cardiac dysfunction: heart blocks, tachycardia or bradycardia.
5. The emergence of hearing problems.
6. Loss of interest, indifference.
7. Confusion of consciousness.
8. A sharp decline in strength.
9. Dizziness.

Measures to eliminate cases of overdose of Kalipoz prolongatum are usually as follows:

· Enema - gastric lavage, which removes the remains of the drug that have not had time to be absorbed into the mucous membrane.

· Transfer to a dietary diet. Foods containing potassium are removed from the patient's menu.

· Intravenous administration of atropine (a natural alkaloid that belongs to the m-cholinergic receptor blockers) or glucose and insulin.

· Oral administration of adsorbents. This may be activated carbon or any other enterosorbent.

· If cardiac arrest occurs, doctors provide emergency resuscitation care.

Interactions with other drugs

The drug in question can be used as a monotherapy drug, but much more often a situation arises when the treating specialist needs to introduce into the therapy protocol not one drug, but two or more. In such a situation, the doctor should be well aware of how this or that drug will behave in complex treatment: will it bring the expected effect or, on the contrary, will it harm the patient's health?

Therefore, the result of the complex administration of various pharmacological agents directly depends on the interaction with other drugs of the drug in question Kalipoz prolongatum.

As medical records show, sufficiently objective and complete studies on this issue have not yet been conducted.

Doctors have only established the fact that Kalipoz prolongatum is categorically not recommended to be introduced into one protocol with such drugs as potassium-sparing diuretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE). This taboo is caused by the high risk of hyperkalemia progression.

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Storage conditions

All patients expect a quick and lasting effect from the treatment. But it can be obtained only if all the recommendations of the attending physician conducting the therapy are followed. But not the last place in the effectiveness of the treatment result is occupied by the correct content of Kalipoz prolongatum throughout the entire period of time recognized by the specialists of the manufacturer as the expiration date.

If absolutely all requirements have been met, one can expect high pharmacological effectiveness from the drug throughout the entire period of permissible use.

The storage conditions for the medicinal product Kalipoz prolongatum are simple but mandatory:

1. The place where the medicinal product is to be stored must be protected from direct sunlight.
2. The room temperature should be maintained, not allowing it to rise above +25 degrees above zero.
3. The humidity percentage is quite low.
4. The medicine must be kept in places that are inaccessible to teenagers and small children.

Shelf life

Any product released by a pharmaceutical company entering the pharmacy market must have two dates on the packaging material: the first is an indication of when the given medicinal product was produced; the second is the final date, which indicates the expiration date. After this date, the given pharmacological product should not be used. This may not give the expected result, but the unpleasant thing is that using an expired medicine can only cause more harm to your body.

In this case, the shelf life of the drug in question, Kalipoz prolongatum, is three years (or 36 months).