Calyposis prolongantum

 In addition to vitamins and nutrients necessary for a normal existence, our body needs a multitude of trace elements. Their shortage adversely affects health and performance, and the required amount allows to increase the immune status to combat internal pathology or external invasion. Hypokalemia - a deficiency of potassium in the human body. It is this problem that helps to solve the drug Kalipoz Prolongatum - a product of the Polish pharmaceutical company Glaxo Smith Klein Pharmaceuticals SA.

Hypokalemia - sounds scary and incomprehensible. Deficiency in the body of potassium - it is understandable and, it would seem, not scary. But these words are synonymous, capable of leading to terrible and irreversible processes in the human body, up to the point of death. Therefore, ignore the problem should not be. And here to help doctors can come with a drug with prolonged characteristics - Kalipoz prolongongum. It should only be remembered that the independent prescription of the drug and uncontrolled self-medication is not permissible. The drug itself and its dosage should be prescribed by a qualified and experienced specialist. Then you will not have to regret your actions!

Indications Calyposis prolongantum

Kalipoz Prolongatum is a potassium preparation, the main chemical element of which is potassium chloride. It is his pharmacological characteristics and anticipates the indications for the use of the drug in question.

In its essence, Kalipoz Prolongatum is a storehouse of assimilable potassium, which, when ingested, replenishes its deficiency. Hence it follows that the drug under consideration is intended to suppress hypokalemia, which can be caused by diseases of various orders:

1. Various nephropathies.
2. Continuous use of diuretics. Together with urine from the body, potassium is also washed away.
3. Pathological changes affecting the work of the cardiovascular system.
4. Admission of drugs of other pharmacological groups: cardiac glycosides, glucocorticosteroids.
5. Prevention of hypokalemia.
6. Presence of intestinal fistula.
7. Vomiting.
8. Such symptoms of diarrhea as diarrhea.
9. Diabetes.
10. And a number of others.

Release form

The drug under consideration enters the pharmaceutical market by the manufacturer - in the form of tablets - is, to date, its only form of release.

It is worth noting that the modern tablet forms of Kalipoz prolongatum have a prolonged form of action, which is noted in the name.

The unit of the preparation has rounded forms with sides flanked from both sides. The preparation is available in a white shade with a protective coating film of a reddish - orange color. Tablet without an obvious smell.

The main active substance of the drug is potassium chloride (kalii chloridum), the concentration of which in the unit of medicine is 0.75 g, which is equal to 391 mg of potassium ions. 

The medication Kalipoz prolongatum on the shelves of pharmacy departments can be found packed in a blaster for ten units. A cardboard package, in which a leaflet - a liner with recommendations for the use of a medicinal product is necessarily included, contains three such blasters. That is, there are 30 Kalipoz prolongatum tablets in the package.

Pharmacodynamics

Active active substance of the drug under consideration is Calipose Prolongatum is potassium chloride. Predominantly its pharmacological properties and the pharmacodynamics of the drug of interest is determined.

Potassium chloride participates in the synthesis of many cytoplasmic enzymes and protein structures of the human body. This chemical compound acts depressingly on the level of excitability of the myocardium and nerve receptors, reducing its conductivity. It is responsible for the contractile activity of skeletal muscles, increasing their tone and forcing them to decrease more actively, removing the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (genetic pathology, manifested by fast fatigue of striated muscles) or muscular dystrophy.

Potassium ions are one of the most important structural constituents of intracellular cations, without which most of the physiological cellular processes do not proceed. Kalipoz prolongogatum monitors and, if necessary, normalizes intracellular stress. Its active ingredient is an inhibitor of the toxicological activity of cardiac glycosides, while potassium chloride remains inert to their positively inotropic function.

Potassium chloride, or rather its ions (K ⁺ ), provide transport services for amino acids, spreading them throughout the body to the "destination".

With the introduction of small doses of potassium chloride, an increase in the passageway of the coronary vessels is observed. In this case, as studies have shown, large blood vessels on the contrary reduce this indicator. Kalipoz prolongongumum positively influences the work of the kidneys and elements of the central nervous system, if it was disturbed by the lack of potassium in the body.

Pharmacokinetics

With the introduction of a specific drug in the protocol of treatment, in addition to the pharmacological dynamics of the medicine, the specialist who leads the disease is also interested in its pharmacokinetics. Due to its prolongation, the contemplated Calypase prolongongum preparation provides a gradual and slow release of potassium ions from the dosage form throughout the digestive tract. 

Active active substance is easily absorbed by the body. At the same time, its highest concentration is recorded in the intestinal region, rather than in the blood plasma. The adsorption level of this drug is about 90%. The maximum concentration on average can be expected five hours after admission. And this figure is usually 5.25 ng / ml.

"Going" to the ileum and the area of the large intestine, potassium ions (K ⁺ ) "swap" with positive sodium ions (Na ⁺ ), which allows them to be excreted from the body in conjunction with the feces. With feces the organism leaves one tenth of the trace element. The main mass through the kidneys leaves together with the urine.

After the introduction of potassium chloride into the body over the next eight hours, the distribution procedure is carried out.

The time of biological half-life of the elements of the drug Kalipoz prolongatum against the background of adsorption proceeds averagely 1 hour and 20 minutes. This rate of release from a unit of the drug, due to retard (inhibition of biological processes) takes about 6 hours.

The half-life of the drug (T _1/2 ) in the unchanged state and its metabolites shows a time interval of 2.5 to 6.9 hours (depending on the individual characteristics of the patient's body).

The drug Kalipoz Prolongatum has a high bioavailability index.

Dosing and administration

Before starting treatment, the patient must undergo a test and after receiving the diagnosis get a doctor's appointment. Acquiring a drug in the pharmacy, the patient receives and the manufacturer's instructions of the drug, in which the method of administration and dose of effective drug intake is recommended. The same applies to the drug in question, Kalipoz prolongatum. But do not forget that there is no identical organism, and there is no absolutely similar history and clinical picture of the disease, so a more specific method and sequence of injection, the way of treatment and dosage adjustment remains for the doctors treating the therapy.

Specialists of the company - the manufacturer recommends taking Kalipoz prolongatum to the patient orally, at the same time one should try not to grind the tablet, but to swallow it whole. On this depends the effectiveness of its reception. Drink with a sufficient amount of water.

The most suitable time to enter the drug is the meal time. Advantageously, the starting daily dosage is 0.75 to 3.75 g, separated by two daily entries.

If hypokalemia is diagnosed in the background of failures in the heart, the starting dose of the preparation Kalipoz prolongongum is - 1.0 to 1.5 g four to five times throughout the day. After the heart rate returned to normal, the dose of the drug is reduced to the recommended one.

If there is a therapeutic need, the drug can be administered to the patient every six to eight hours.

The maximum allowable daily dosage is 15 g, which corresponds to 20 tablets.

Use Calyposis prolongantum during pregnancy

After a woman learns of a change in her status, most of the expectant mothers begin to see to it that as little as possible substances that can affect the natural course of fetal development get into her body. On the one hand, this is perfectly correct, but you should not forget about your health either. Ignoring problems with your health can harm not only a woman, but her unborn baby. But only a qualified doctor can solve this dilemma.

To date, the level of influence of the drug in question on the embryo, its formation and development to the end has not yet been studied. Therefore, the use during the pregnancy of the preparation Kalipoz prolongatum medics and pharmacists is not recommended.

An exception can be the situation when the clinical picture of the disease of a pregnant woman shows the urgent therapeutic need for medical intervention. This takes into account and the possible risk, which threatens the development of the baby.

If a similar situation occurs during the period when a young mother feeds a newborn baby with breast milk, for the time of treatment the baby should be weaned from the breast, by transferring it to feeding with special adapted mixtures. This is due to a lack of data on the potential for adverse effects and the penetration of Kalipoz prolongatum into breastmilk.

Contraindications

The pharmaceutical product is designed and released to help physicians precisely so that doctors receive a tool to influence the course of the course of a particular disease. But working on a pathologically altered site, it is not always possible to protect yourself from the influence of other areas of the human body. In the light of the foregoing, the contraindications to the use of the drug Kalipoz Prolongatum are reflected in the list below:

1. Acute form of renal dysfunction, as well as its chronic course.
2. Increased individual intolerance of the patient's body to one or more of the component components of Kalipoz prolongongum.
3. Hypovolemia (decrease in total blood volume) with hyponatremia (significant drop in the amount of sodium in the serum).
4. Hyperkalemia is a disorder in the body condition caused by an increase in the amount of potassium in the extracellular fluid and blood plasma.
5. Carrying out therapy with the use of potassium-sparing diuretics.
6. Propensity to allergic manifestations.
7. Dysfunction of the adrenal glands.
8. Acidosis is an excessive increase in the acidity of the blood.
9. Perforation of the mucous organs of the digestive tract.
10. Period of gestation by a woman's baby.
11. Breastfeeding time.
12. Complete AV blockade - impairment of nerve impulse transmission in the conduction system of the heart.
13. Do not take Kalipoz prolongatum if the patient is not yet 16 years old.

Side effects Calyposis prolongantum

The dosages recommended in the instructions attached to the drug do not cause any negative symptoms. But still, due to the individual characteristics of the body or when deviating from the recommended dosages, taking Kalipoz prolongongumum in a patient can cause side effects.

• Gastrointestinal disorders:
  • Diarrhea or, conversely, constipation.
  • Flatulence.
  • The appearance of nausea in the epigastric region, which at high intensity can provoke and vomit.
  • Belching.
  • A burning sensation.
  • Appearance of pain symptoms in the epigastric region and in the lower abdomen.
• Hyperkalemia is an excessively high amount of potassium in the extracellular fluid and blood plasma.
• Failure in the work of the heart rate.
• Disturbance of atrioventricular conduction of myocardial fibers.
• The appearance of internal gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Confusion of consciousness.
• Perforation of the mucosa of the digestive tract.
• Allergy to the drug: skin rashes, itching and redness of the dermis.
• Falling blood pressure.

Overdose

As the clinical observations of Kalipoz prolongatum therapy show, an overdose of its leading active chemical component, which is potassium chloride, is quite possible both because of the excess of the administered amount of the substance, and because of the individual susceptibility of the patient's body. In this case, the patient's body reacts to this by a response pathological symptomatology:

1. A sharp drop in blood pressure, right up to cardiac arrest.
2. Numbness of upper and / or lower limbs.
3. Decreased muscle tone.
4. Violation of the heart: cardiac blockade, tachycardia or bradycardia.
5. Appearance of problems with hearing.
6. Loss of interest, indifference.
7. Confusion of consciousness.
8. Sharp decline of forces.
9. Dizziness.

Activities to eliminate the facts of overdose Kalipoz prolongatum usually are:

· Cleansing - washing the stomach, which removes remnants of the drug, which did not have time to be adsorbed into the mucosa.

· Transfer to diet food. From the patient's menu, foods containing potassium are removed.

· Introduction to the vein of atropine (a natural alkaloid belonging to the blockers of m-holinoretseptorov) or glucose and insulin.

· Oral administration of adsorbents. It can be activated charcoal or any other enterosorbent.

· If there is a cardiac arrest, the doctors urgently receive resuscitation.

Interactions with other drugs

The drug in question can be used as a monotherapy drug, but more often the situation develops when the treating specialist needs to enter more than one drug into the protocol of therapy, and two or more. In this situation, the doctor should be well aware of how the drug behaves in complex treatment: will it produce the expected effect or, conversely, harm the patient's health?

Therefore, the result of the complex introduction of various pharmacological agents directly depends on the interaction with other drugs of the drug under consideration, Kalipoz Prolongatum.

As the medical protocols show, there have not been enough objective and comprehensive studies on this issue.

Physicians only established the fact that it is strictly recommended that Kalipoz prolongongum should not be entered into one protocol with such drugs as potassium-sparing diuretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. This taboo is caused by a high risk of progression of hyperkalysis.

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Storage conditions

All patients expect from a therapeutic therapy of a fast and persistent effect. But you can get it only on condition that you follow all the recommendations of the attending physician, the leading therapist. But not the last place in the effectiveness of the result of treatment takes, and the correct content of Kalipoz prolongatum for the entire period of time, recognized by the specialists of the manufacturer company, as the expiration date.

If absolutely all the requirements were met, you can expect from a drug of high pharmacological efficacy for the entire period of time allowed for use.

The storage conditions of the drug Kalipoz prolongatum are simple, but are mandatory:

1. The place where the storage of the medicinal product is supposed to be protected should be protected from direct rays of the solar spectrum.
2. The temperature in the room should be maintained, not allowing it to rise more than 25 degrees above zero.
3. The percentage of humidity is low enough.
4. Contain medication is necessary in places that are not available for adolescents and young children.

Shelf life

Entering the pharmacy market, any product produced by a pharmaceutical company on the packaging material is necessarily provided with two dates: the first - the index, when this medication was produced; the second - the end date, which indicates the expiration date. After this date, this pharmacological product should not be used. This may not give the expected result, but the unpleasant fact is that using an expired medication can only damage your body more.

In this case, the shelf life of the drug Calipoz prolongongatum is three years (or 36 months).