Calypsole

Drug medication belonging to the group of non-barbiturates and performing the role of non-inhalation anesthesia - Calypsole. This tool for the work of anesthesiologists was developed and produced by the famous Hungarian pharmaceutical company Gedeon Richter A.O.

It would seem, more recently, patients had to endure unbearable pain during surgery or other medical manipulations to get a chance to live. At the same time, some patients died simply from a painful shock. Many people and now are afraid to go with their problems in the clinic, for fear of pain and discomfort. Modern medicine, together with pharmaceutical concerns, took care of this. The innovative anesthetic Calypsole allows you to perform unpleasant procedures or mini-operations painlessly. 

Indications Calypsole

Determine the scope of the drug in question, in this case, is quite easy, since Calypsole was originally developed as an anesthesia.

Indications for the use of Calypsole are narrowly focused and are used:

1. In the case of short-term surgery, which requires monitoring of muscle relaxation.
2. As an introductory (mono-use) or basic (complex application) anesthesia.
3. If ongoing instrumental examinations or other diagnostic procedures can cause pain symptoms (eg, myelography, endoscopy, pneumoencephalography, cardiac catheterization, ventriculography).
4. In case of treatment of large-scale wounds and burns.
5. When transporting heavy patients.
6. At an emergency surgical treatment against the background of a painful shock with a serious injury.
7. In combination with other drugs (eg, benzodiazepine), Calypsole is used to obtain general anesthesia.
8. A number of procedures on the organs of vision.
9. And a number of other similar directions.

The field of application is extensive. This is dentistry, gynecology and obstetrical practice, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngological procedures, surgical manipulations and a number of others.

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Release form

Calypsole is not very diverse. The form of release of this drug is a solution for injections, which is manufactured by the manufacturer in quantities of 10 ml. In this case, the active substance of the anesthetic under consideration is a, in this volume contains 0.5 g.

The liquid is colorless, put up in bottles of dark glass, which are subsequently packed together with a leaflet (instructions for use), packed in a cardboard box.

Pharmacodynamics

Calypsole was created by the manufacturer as a means for non-anional anesthesia, hence the pharmacodynamics of the drug in question.

The active chemical compound of the drug is ketamine hydrochloride, an innovative anesthetic agent with pronounced analgesic characteristics. It is he who sets the direction of the pharmacological properties of the medical solution in question.

If administered by a specialist once in a vein at the recommended dosage, then the anesthetic effect is observed after 0.5-1 minute, after the injection. The duration of the narcotic effect is felt by the patient on average five to ten minutes, but cases have been noted that anesthesia lasted a quarter of an hour.

In the case of intramuscular delivery of the drug, anesthetic effect is observed after two to four minutes (less often six to eight minutes). The administered dosage was calculated by the formula 4 - 8 mg per kilogram of the patient's weight. The duration of narcotic effectiveness on average lasts from 12 to 25 minutes, but in light of the individuality of the human body, this indicator can last up to half an hour.

Support the analgesic (analgesic) effect of the drug Calypsoil is capable for two hours. In this case, one can observe an incomplete relaxation of muscle reflex. The positive quality of the input of the narcosis under consideration is the fact that such reflexes as swallowing, cough reflex, normal ventilation of the lungs remain functional, which allows the patient to breathe independently.

The transition of ketamine hydrochloride to its metabolite is carried out in the liver, thanks to its enzymes.

As studies have shown, the components of Calypsoal narcosis unobstructedly penetrate through the histohematological barriers, this also applies to the blood-brain barrier.

The peculiarity of the work of this anesthetic, and its advantages, is:

1. The rapid onset of the narcotic effect.
2. Short time period of its operation.
3. The preservation of human function to independent breathing.
4. Has a low degree of toxicity.
5. Poorly relaxes the skeletal musculature.
6. Do not reduce the convulsive threshold.
7. Calypsole not only does not worsen, but also activates the work of the cardiovascular system.
8. The drug in question lacks properties like adrenoblocking, holinoblocking, does not inhibit the antihistaminic activity of the patient's body.
9. The sedative and hypnotic properties of Calypsole are less pronounced.

As shown by observations, the active substance does not have any significant influence on metabolic processes, as well as the normal functioning of the liver, kidneys, digestive system organs, endocrine glands and the process of blood coagulation.

Pharmacokinetics

In order for the therapy to be as effective as possible, the physician who prescribes the treatment protocol must be aware of not only the pharmacodynamics but also the characteristics of the Calipsol preparation in terms of the rate at which it is absorbed and removed from the body.

To date, the pharmacokinetics of the drug Calipsol shows an excellent rate of adsorption and distribution through the circulatory system to organs that are maximally supplied with the life-giving liquid. The brain belongs to such organs. It is the effect of ketamine hydrochloride on brain cells and allows you to get the expected effect of anesthesia.

The half-life and elimination of the drug is two to three hours. Basically, Calypsoil is excreted from the body in the form of its metabolite through the kidneys, together with the urine.

Dosing and administration

Any pharmacological agent is assigned to the protocol of treatment of various diseases only by a qualified experienced specialist. This applies to the drug under consideration in this article - Calypsole anesthesia. The developers of this drug proposed only the recommended method of administration and dose. But our body is individual, therefore, in order to get maximum efficiency, the anesthesiologist individually calculates the dosage and chooses the route of administration. This indicator consists of a number of facts: the clinical picture of the disease, the nature of the manipulations to be carried out, the age of the patient and the level of his overall health.

The recommended single dose of premedication for adult patients when administered to a vein is 1.0 to 4.5 mg, recalculated per kilogram of patient weight. A similar figure for intramuscular injection - from 6.5 to 8 mg per kilogram of the patient's weight.

The solution is injected into the vein very slowly, not less than for a minute.

These indicators for small patients are somewhat lower and are:

- when injected into a vein - from 0.5 to 3.0 mg, recalculated per kilogram of the patient's weight. 

- with intramuscular injection - from 2 to 5 mg per kilogram of the patient's weight.

The average dosage for anesthesia lasting five to ten minutes is 2 mg per kilogram of the patient's weight.

Specialists of the company Gedeon Richter A. O. Give a number of recommendations on the correct and more effective use of an anesthetic Calypsoal:

1. Dosage of anesthesia is selected only by a qualified specialist - anesthesiologist.
2. As with other anesthetics, there should be a set of tools for resuscitation.
3. If the patient's anamnesis is burdened by a "bouquet" of various diseases, it is first worthwhile to assess the relationship between the benefit and the risk of using Calypsole.
4. The drug is injected into the vein, not hurrying, stretching the calculated calculated dose of anesthesia for about a whole minute. At a higher intake rate, one can expect breathing problems and a rapid increase in blood pressure.
5. If the procedure is performed for a patient suffering from cardiac dysfunction or persistent high blood pressure, during the work of anesthesia, the specialist should constantly monitor heart function and blood pressure.
6. It has already been noted above that Calypsoil does not inhibit pharyngeal reflexes. Therefore, it is worthwhile to follow to prevent mechanical irritation of the nasopharyngeal apparatus. Breath control is mandatory.
7. With surgical treatment affecting visceral pathways, pain can become so noticeable that it requires the connection of other analgesics to therapy.
8. If the operation requires complete relaxation of the muscular musculature (for example, with gynecological intervention on the uterus), the introduction of one Calypsoel is not permissible.
9. When carrying out various kinds of ophthalmic measures, the use of local analgesics is not allowed.
10. When resuscitative measures of alcohol intoxication reception of the drug should be done very carefully, and even replaced with a more suitable analog.
11. During the withdrawal from anesthesia in some cases, you can observe the symptoms of a mental disorder that occurs with a violation of consciousness (acute delirium). To prevent such a development scenario, the anesthesiologist usually introduces the drug group of benzodiazepines. But this does not remove the need to control the patient's vital signs.
12. If Calypol was not applied in a hospital, the patient can be released home only after he has fully regained consciousness, and it is better if he is accompanied by someone from adults.
13. Do not drive vehicles and manage complex dangerous mechanisms. It is necessary to refrain from such actions at least within a day.

 

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Use Calypsole during pregnancy

The vast majority of the products of pharmaceutical companies are banned for use by women during the period when they carry the baby, or feed them with breast milk after delivery.

Observations have shown that ketamine hydrochloride easily penetrates the placental barrier. Therefore, the use of medication Calypsole during pregnancy is not recommended. This fact is also explained by the fact that there are no objective data and numerous studies that would confirm the safety of the drug, both for the health of the mother and her child.

In the case of obstetric procedures, the drug can be used at reduced dosages. This dose is calculated as 2 mg per kilogram of pregnancy weight.

To date, there is no data on the ability of Calypsole to penetrate into the mother's milk. Therefore, if the clinical picture allows, with treatment should wait until the end of lactation. If time does not suffer, it is worthwhile for the period recommended by the doctor before and after the operation to wean the newborn from breastfeeding, transferring it to artificial nutrition with the adapted mixtures. At the end of time, the young mother can return to the nursing method of feeding the baby.

Contraindications

Whatever medication is considered, it affects the body, seeking its response. This is the basis of the principle of any therapy. There are contraindications to the use of anesthetic medication with pronounced analgesic characteristics of Calypsole, which are not so numerous. It:

1. Pathological changes that disrupt the normal flow of blood in the brain tissues.
2. Hypertension is a persistent high blood pressure.
3. Dysfunction of the heart muscle in the decompensation stage.
4. Angina pectoris.
5. Preeclampsia and eclampsia - severe stages of gestosis - a pathological complication of pregnancy.
6. Attacks of epilepsy in small patients.

Caution should be used Calypsoil, if the patient suffers:

1. Diseases of the kidneys.
   1. When performing surgery on the larynx and pharynx.
   2. Calypsole has a negative effect on a person's ability to prolong their attention. Therefore, it is not allowed to drive vehicles and manage complex dangerous mechanisms. It is necessary to refrain from such actions at least within a day.

Side effects Calypsole

Due to its pharmacological characteristics and the way of penetration into the human body, Calypsole, as shown by clinical observations, is capable of provoking some side effects. The list is not great, but still there is:

1. The growth of blood pressure, which is especially dangerous in hypertension.
2. Violation of the heart rate.
3. Steady increase in muscle tone.
4. Nausea.
5. The development of hypersalivation is an increase in the secretion of the salivary glands.
6. Light manifestations of psychosis.
7. There may be a psychomotor agitation.
8. Occurrence of shortness of breath, there can be problems with breathing.
9. During the withdrawal from anesthesia, the patient may be hallucinated, a short disorientation in space and time.
10. It is rare enough, but there may be an allergic local reaction in the area of injection: redness of the skin, tenderness.

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Overdose

Calypsole - this anesthetic drug has appeared in "medical use" not so long ago, therefore, no negative facts, indicating that an overdose of the drug has occurred, has been ascertained to date.

Interactions with other drugs

The drug considered in this article is not intended to be treated, it was developed as a support drug, which provides painless carrying out of many medical manipulations of both therapeutic and diagnostic nature. If the patient does not have other health problems, and only Calipsol is taken, you just need to monitor your well-being so that you do not miss if there is a side symptomatic of the drug.

But most often Calypsole is used as a unit of complex treatment, which includes preparations of various pharmacological groups. Therefore, a specialist who prescribes such treatment must necessarily be guided, which medications can be reduced to one therapeutic protocol, and which in a tandem reception can only aggravate the situation.

The physician must imagine what result can be obtained from the interaction with other Calypsoal preparations.

As shown by clinical monitoring, the active ingredient of the drug under consideration enhances the action of ditilin itubokurarina, but is absolutely inert to the pharmacodynamics of succinylcholine and pancuronium.

Doctors categorically do not recommend using Calipsol and barbiturates together. This is due to the synthesis of precipitate - solid precipitation. In this case, concentrated phosphorus compounds.

When tandem input of thyroid hormones and drugs, with a high iodine content, there is a high risk of manifestation of a heart rate failure (tachycardia) and a jump in blood pressure.

Droperidol and sibazon serve as inhibitors of the occurrence of psychotomimetic and motor activity. Their joint input with Calypsoil reduces the risk of developing arterial hypertension and disturbances in the rhythm of the heart.

Soothing drugs with a pronounced hypnotic effect (for example, benzodiazepines), as well as neuroleptics prolong the duration of Calypsoal, but reduce the risk of developing side symptoms.

Parallel use with aminophylline helps to reduce the convulsive threshold. Ketamine hydrochloride works great with muscle relaxants and anesthetics, and their mutual inertia is manifested.

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Storage conditions

As already mentioned above, the drug in question is not a medicine that will cure a particular problem with a patient's health. Calypsole provides a painless series of medical procedures. And to ensure that doctors are confident in its effectiveness, it is necessary to properly and completely fulfill the storage conditions of Calypsole. Improper anesthetic content can significantly reduce or completely stop its pharmacological characteristics, reduce the period of effective use.

When implementing all the recommendations of the manufacturer company for the safety of the drug in question, physicians can be confident in the high pharmacological result of anesthesia.

It is necessary to keep Calypol by performing such storage conditions:

1. The location of the expected content of the anesthetic should be isolated from direct sunlight.
2. The temperature regime of the storage should not exceed the limits from +15 to +25 degrees above zero.
3. Contain medication is necessary in places that are not available for adolescents and young children.

Shelf life

Getting on the market of drugs, any product of pharmaceutical companies that produce this drug, goes on sale with a mandatory indication on the packaging material of the date when this medication was produced. The second number is the end date, after which the drug, supplied with this instruction, should not be used as an effective medicine, it is not worth it.

The shelf life of the anti-inflammatory, wound healing Calypsoil preparation, prepared on a natural basis, is two years (or 24 months).