Bactoclave

Bactoclav is an antibacterial drug that helps cure a number of infectious diseases. Let's look at the main indications for the use of the drug, its pharmacological action, method of administration and dosage.

The active substance of Baktoklav is amoxicillin trihydrate, potassium clavulanate, magnesium stearate, sodium starch and other components. The dosage form of the drug is tablets. The pharmacotherapeutic group of Baktoklav is antibacterial agents.

Indications Bactoclave

The main indications for the use of Baktoklav are the treatment of infectious diseases. Baktoklav is used for bacterial infections caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug. The drug helps in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections (lung abscess, pneumonia, bronchitis). Sinusitis, otitis, tonsillitis and other ENT infections are also treated with this drug.

Baktoklav helps in the treatment of infections of the genitourinary system and pelvic organs (cystitis, prostatitis, bacterial vaginitis, gonorrhea, postpartum sepsis, septic abortion and other diseases). Infections and lesions of soft tissues, secondary infected dermatoses and wound infections are treated with Baktoklav. The drug is used to treat postoperative infections and as a preventive measure against surgical infectious lesions.

[ 1 ]

Release form

Release form Baktoklav - film-coated tablets. One tablet of the drug contains 875 mg of amoxicillin in the form of trihydrate and 125 mg of clavulanic acid in the form of potassium clavulanate. The drug is available in cardboard packages, one package can contain a blister of three or ten Baktoklav tablets.

This form of release of the drug allows you to calculate the intake of tablets for the entire course of treatment. It is recommended to take tablets before meals to ensure maximum absorption of the active substances of the drug.

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics of Baktoklav are the processes that occur with the drug in the body after its administration. The active substance of Baktoklav is amoxicillin, which belongs to semi-synthetic antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action aimed at destroying gram-negative and positive bacteria. The drug disintegrates under the action of beta-lactamases, so Baktoklav does not affect microorganisms that synthesize this enzyme.

Bactoclav has a bactericidal effect on such microorganisms as:

• Gram-positive aerobes – Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis and others.
• Gram-positive anaerobes – Peptococcus, Clostridium.
• Coagulase-negative staphylococci - Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus epidermidis.
• Gram-negative aerobes - Gardnerella vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Brucella, Shigella and others.
• Gram-negative anaerobes – Fusobacterium, Bacteroides.
• And also such microorganisms as: Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, Chlamydia, Treponema pallidum and others.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics of Baktoklav is the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug. After oral administration, Baktoklav is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, the drug is recommended to be taken before meals. The connection with proteins is maintained at the level of 20% (amoxicillin), and the connection of clavulanic acid is 20-30%. Both active substances are metabolized in the liver.

Baktoklav is excreted by the kidneys 8 hours after administration. The drug is excreted in urine and feces, about 20% of Baktoklav is excreted unchanged. In kidney and liver diseases, the drug is excreted and metabolized much more slowly. Side effects of Baktoklav are also possible.

Dosing and administration

The method of administration and dosage of Baktoklav are prescribed by the attending physician and depend on the disease to be treated. As for general recommendations for the treatment of moderate and mild infections, Baktoklav is recommended to be taken one tablet twice a day, both for children and adults. For severe infectious lesions and recurrent infections, the drug is prescribed to be taken two tablets three times a day.

The dosage of Baktoklav is selected with special care for patients undergoing extrarenal blood purification, i.e. hemodialysis, no more than one tablet per day. In case of liver dysfunction and chronic renal failure, liver function monitoring is carried out. If Baktoklav is taken by elderly patients, the dose of the antibacterial drug is adjusted depending on kidney function. The duration of treatment with the drug should not exceed 14 days, since symptoms of overdose and side effects of Baktoklav may occur.

[ 3 ]

Use Bactoclave during pregnancy

The use of Bactoclav during pregnancy is not recommended, as is the use of any medications. During pregnancy, Bactoclav is prescribed only for medical reasons, when the potential benefit to the mother is more important than the risk to the normal development of the baby.

Medical studies were conducted involving pregnant women. Expectant mothers took Bactoclav, and in 10% of subjects, taking the drug caused the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in the child. Also, using Bactoclav during pregnancy can lead to premature rupture of the fetal membranes.

Contraindications

Contraindications to the use of Baktoklav are based on individual intolerance to the active substances of the drug. Baktoklav is not recommended for infectious mononucleosis, measles-like rash and phenylketonuria. The drug is contraindicated in patients with liver dysfunction and episodes of jaundice due to the use of one of the active substances of the drug (amoxicillin, clavulanic acid) in the anamnesis.

The drug is prescribed with special caution during pregnancy and lactation, for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, renal failure and colitis. Bactoclav is approved for use only on medical instructions. Taking the drug on your own is contraindicated, since only a doctor can select the necessary dosage of the drug that will help cure an infectious disease.

[ 2 ]

Side effects Bactoclave

Side effects of Baktoklav occur due to individual intolerance to the active components of the drug, due to incorrect dosage and for a number of other reasons. The main symptoms of overdose affect the digestive system. Taking the drug can cause nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, stomatitis, darkening of tooth enamel and exacerbation of chronic gastritis. In some patients, side effects of Baktoklav manifest themselves in the form of thrombocytosis, leukopenia or hemolytic anemia.

The drug may cause headache, dizziness, increased anxiety. Side effects of the drug may be reflected in an allergic reaction on the skin, cause urticaria, dermatitis or allergic vasculitis. Less common side effects of Bactoclav are candidiasis, hematuria, or interstitial nephritis.

Overdose

An overdose of Baktoklav may occur due to prolonged use of the antibacterial agent, failure to comply with the rules and conditions for storing the drug, or due to hypersensitivity to the active components. An overdose manifests itself in disturbances of the water-electrolyte balance in the body and painful symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract. An overdose of Baktoklav involves symptomatic treatment. In case of severe symptoms of an overdose, hemodialysis is used to remove the active substances of the drug, which cleanses the blood of Baktoklav components.

To avoid overdose symptoms, it is not recommended to take the drug on your own. Bactoclav should be prescribed by your doctor, indicating the dosage and duration of treatment. If overdose symptoms occur, it is recommended to refuse to take the drug or stop taking it for a while.

Interactions with other drugs

Interaction of Bactoclav with other drugs is possible only on medical advice and with the permission of a doctor. Thus, if the drug is taken simultaneously with ascorbic acid, the absorption level of the antibacterial agent increases, and if with laxatives or antacids, the absorption is significantly reduced. Interaction of Bactoclav with bacteriostatic drugs produces an antagonistic effect.

If the drug interacts with anticoagulants, then the intestinal microflora is suppressed, the prothrombin index and the synthesis of some vitamins are reduced. With such interaction, it is necessary to monitor the level of blood clotting. Diuretics and phenylbutazone, when taken simultaneously with Bactoclav, contribute to an increase in the concentration of the active substance of the drug, i.e. amoxicillin. When interacting with allopurinol, allergic reactions on the skin are possible.

[ 4 ], [ 5 ]

Storage conditions

Storage conditions for Baktoklav correspond to the norms and rules for storing any other antibacterial agents and tablets. According to the instructions, the drug is recommended to be stored in a dry, cool place that is inaccessible to children and away from sunlight. Baktoklav tablets are white, oval-shaped and have a shell with a break line on one side.

If the storage conditions of Baktoklav are not observed, the drug loses not only its medicinal properties, but also its appearance. The tablets can change color from white to yellowish and even brown. This can happen due to non-compliance with the temperature regime or exceeding the expiration date. In this case, the drug must be disposed of, and it is strictly prohibited to take it.

[ 6 ]

Shelf life

The shelf life of Baktoklav is 24 months from the date of production of the antibacterial agent, which is indicated on the packaging of the drug. Please note that the drug is available only by prescription. That is, Baktoklav can only be taken for medical reasons and with a doctor's permission. It is strictly forbidden to take Baktoklav after the expiration date, as side effects of uncontrolled and even irreversible reactions of the body are possible.