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Antibiotics for sinusitis
Last reviewed: 09.08.2022
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[Treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics
But it should be borne in mind that this disease can have a viral nature, and in this case, treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics is not carried out, because these drugs do not work for viruses.
As experts note, acute sinusitis most often occurs due to the viruses - as a complication of acute respiratory viral infection or influenza. In people prone to allergic reactions, sinusitis can be caused by an allergen, and with a weakened immune system this disease can "start" the fungus. In these cases, antibiotics for acute sinusitis are also completely unnecessary, but some physicians continue to prescribe them on the basis of the assumption of a possible bacterial pathogenesis of the disease.
In principle, the main indications for the use of antibiotics for sinusitis should first of all be based on laboratory-confirmed presence of bacterial pathogens (Streptococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Peptococcus, Bacteroides, etc.). But in practice, the antibiotic is often prescribed at a temperature of + 38 ° C, pain and pressure sensation of varying intensity in different parts of the facial part of the skull and abundant mucopurulent discharge from the nose.
But this concerns the acute form, and treatment of chronic sinusitis with antibiotics should be carried out only after laboratory (microbiological) study of exudate accumulating in the adnexal cavities.
Otolaryngologists consider acute sinusitis, which lasts no longer than four weeks, and everything that lasts more than twelve weeks is diagnosed as a chronic form of sinusitis.
What antibiotics to drink with sinusitis?
The question of what antibiotics to drink with sinusitis is the prerogative of the doctor who put this diagnosis. Depending on the localization of the inflammatory process, he may have such definitions as sinusitis, frontalitis, or other varieties of sinusitis.
Patients with inflammation of any of the paranasal cavities are useful to know the name of antibiotics for sinusitis, since - with all the variety of drugs of this pharmacological group - in the case of bacterial sinusitis their effectiveness is different. In addition, when prescribing an antibiotic, especially an antibiotic for sinusitis in children, doctors should consider not only the nature of the course of the disease-acute, chronic or recurrent, but also the level of the side effects of a particular drug that are unsafe for the health.
In clinical otolaryngology with sinusitis, antibacterial agents such as Amoxicillin, Augmentin (Amoxicillin trihydrate + clavulanic acid, other trade names - Amoxiclav, Amoclavine, Klavocin) and Ampicillin (Amecillin, Ampilin, Grampeneil, etc.) are primarily prescribed.
If the patient does not tolerate penicillin antibiotics, macrolide antibiotics Azithromycin (Sumamed, Zitrocin, etc.) or Clarithromycin (Clacid, Clerimed, Aziklar, etc.) are used. Although as a first-line drug for the treatment of sinusitis with suspected bacterial sinus infection, experienced doctors prefer the combination of Amoxicillin + Clavulanate (Augmentin), because this drug is effective against most species and strains of bacteria that cause sinusitis.
The form of release of all listed drugs is different: injection, powder (or granules) for the preparation of suspension, tablet or capsule.
Dosage and administration: Augmentin should be taken 0.5 g three times a day (at the beginning of the meal); Azithromycin - 0.5 g once a day (before meals) for three days; Clarithromycin - 0.5 g twice daily (at any time); Ampicillin - 0.5 grams four times a day (about 60 minutes before meals).
An overdose of antibiotics causes weakness, nausea, vomiting, loose stools, dehydration of the body. In such cases, the stomach is washed and activated charcoal is taken. It is also necessary to increase the daily volume of liquid intake.
Recall that the dosage of antibiotics for children is based on the calculation of the amount of the drug per kilogram of body weight. There is a convenient antibiotic for sinusitis in children - Sumamed suspension (10 mg / kg, at one time, for 3-5 days) and syrup Azithromycin (dose and regimen are similar).
Antibiotics in the nose with sinusitis
In the bacterial aetiology of the disease, antibiotics can be used in the nose with sinusitis.
These drugs include the combined nasal spray Polidex, which consists of two antibiotics: Neomycin (from the aminoglycoside group) and Polymyxin B. In addition, there is a glucocorticoid Dexamethasone and vasoconstrictor adrenomimetic Phenylephrine. Aerosol is injected into the nasal passages (once in each nostril) three times during the day; children 3-14 years - one injection twice a day. A maximum of 10 days can be applied; contraindicated in glaucoma, kidney failure, hypertension, cardiac ischemia, pregnancy and lactation, as well as children under three years old.
Active agent of aerosol means Bioparox is an antibiotic of local action Fusafungin with anti-inflammatory action. The drug is used inhalation: adults - 2 injections into each nostril 3-4 times a day, children from the age of three - 1-2. The maximum duration of treatment is a week. Bioparox can cause swelling and dryness of mucous membranes, redness of the skin, and in young children - spasm of the muscles of the larynx, dyspnea and asphyxia.
Contraindications for use
With sinus contraindications to the use of antibiotics is the viral, allergic and fungal etiology of the disease (as mentioned above). However, there are many common contraindications for antibacterial drugs.
Thus, contraindications to the use of antibiotics for sinusitis penicillin series (Amoxicillin, Augmentin, etc.) include increased sensitivity to penicillins, allergic diseases (including bronchial asthma), monocytic angina (infectious mononucleosis), leukopenia and lymphocytic leukemia, severe liver dysfunction and kidney, chronic intestinal pathology (colitis, enterocolitis, dysbiosis), lactation in women.
The use of antibiotics for sinusitis during pregnancy (as with other infections) is highly undesirable, and most antibacterial drugs are simply contraindicated to pregnant women because of the risk of adverse effects on fetal development. Some drugs, for example, Augmentin, during pregnancy can be used only in the second half of gestation and only in cases of extreme necessity.
Side effects of antibiotics for sinusitis
The known side effect of antibacterial drugs is a negative effect on the obligate intestinal microflora up to its complete suppression. In addition, antibiotics - killing and beneficial bacteria - can weaken the body's natural immunity.
There are also possible side effects of antibiotics for sinusitis, as skin allergic reactions (reddening of the skin, dermatitis); a taste disorder, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; headache; thrush (candidiasis) in the oral cavity; convulsions, joint or muscle pain; sleep disorders; increased activity of liver enzymes (hepatic transaminases); change in blood composition (thrombocytopenia, leukopenia).
Macrolide antibiotics have a significantly smaller number of side effects. For example, the side effects of Augmenin are expressed in the form of diarrhea, headache, dizziness and candidiasis of the mucous membranes.
Since the appointment of antibiotics is particularly acute issue of undesirable consequences of such therapy, getting a prescription for a doctor, carefully read the name of the drug, if something is unclear - ask and clarify. In order for an oversight or other reason, in the usual sinusitis, there was not written out anything from antibiotics-aminoglycosides (for example, Gentamicin, Garamycin, Miramycin or Ribomycin). These drugs have "lethal force" against almost all strains of bacteria, but are used only in the case of abscesses, meningitis or sepsis and can lead to destruction of liver cells and loss of hearing.
Conditions for storage of antibiotics with sinusitis: in a place without access to light, temperature regime - not above + 20-25 ° C: suspensions and syrups should be stored at + 5-8 ° C (in the refrigerator).
Shelf life of tablets and capsules is 24 months, sealed syrup - 12 months, the prepared suspension - no more than 7 days.
How to cure sinusitis without antibiotics?
How to cure sinusitis without antibiotics? Symptomatic means aimed at restoring nasal breathing and removing the swelling of the nasal mucosa. Thus, we will improve blood flow and outflow of the bodily lining in inflamed tissues and accelerate the healing process.
To remove the swelling of the mucous membranes with sinusitis, anticongestant preparations of topical application are used. Nasal spray Rinoflumacil is recommended for adults to inject three times a day in portions in each nasal passage, and children older than three years of age - one each. But it should be borne in mind that this remedy can cause mucosal dryness, tachycardia, tremor and general arousal.
Vasoconstrictive drops for the nose Xylometazoline (trade names - Galazolin, Eucazoline, Farmazolin, Otryvin, Rhinostop, Rhinorus, etc.) relieve swelling and hyperemia of mucous membranes and restore nasal breathing. Children 3-12 years drop by drop of 0.05% of the drug; over 12 years and adults - 0.1%. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, tachycardia, thyrotoxicosis, glaucoma and pregnancy are included in the list of Xylometazoline contraindications. And among its side effects are irritation of the nasal mucosa, sneezing, heart rhythm disturbance, increased blood pressure, headache, vomiting, increased excitability.
Many otolaryngologists note a fairly high effectiveness in inflammation in the paranasal sinuses of the preparation Sinupret (based on medicinal plants). Dosing and Administration: inside by 50 drops three times a day, children 6-12 years - half the adult dose, 2-6 years - three times a day for 15 drops.
In mild cases, antibiotics with sinusitis will perfectly replace the nightly washing of the nose with saline solution and instillation with slightly warm olive oil, and also - at normal temperature and absence of purulent discharge - warming procedures on the area of the paranasal sinuses.
Attention!
To simplify the perception of information, this instruction for use of the drug "Antibiotics for sinusitis" translated and presented in a special form on the basis of the official instructions for medical use of the drug. Before use read the annotation that came directly to medicines.
Description provided for informational purposes and is not a guide to self-healing. The need for this drug, the purpose of the treatment regimen, methods and dose of the drug is determined solely by the attending physician. Self-medication is dangerous for your health.