Acute sinusitis in children

Acute sinusitis (synonyms: acute etmoiditis, acute sinusitis, acute frontitis, acute sphenoiditis).

Acute sinusitis is an acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses.

ICD-10 code

• J01 Acute sinusitis.
• J01.0 Acute maxillary sinusitis.
• J01.1 Acute frontal sinusitis.
• J01.2 Acute ethmoid sinusitis.
• J01.3 Acute sphenoidal sinusitis.
• J01.4 Acute pancinusitis.
• JOT.5 Another acute sinusitis.
• J01.6 Acute sinusitis, unspecified.

Epidemiology of acute sinusitis

Acute sinusitis accounts for 30-35% of all cases of upper respiratory tract infections. Acute sinusitis is recorded from the period of the newborn (acute etmoiditis), but more often at the age of 3-6 years (acute etmoiditis and acute sinusitis). Acute frontal and acute sphenoidal sinusitis and the more so the pansinusitis is observed less often.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7],

Causes of Acute Sinusitis

In the etiology of acute sinusitis, pneumococci play a leading role in children older than 3-4 years (up to 40% of cases), followed by an unidentifiable hemophilic rod (up to 10-12% of cases), a somewhat lesser role is played by golden and epidermal staphylococcus, Moraxella catarrhalis and pyogenic streptococcus .

In infants and young children, the etiology of acute sinusitis, which proceeds in the form of acute etmoiditis and acute maxillary sinusitis, differs. The newborn and children of the first half of life are led by golden and epidermal staphylococci. The second most frequent place is occupied by such enteropathogenic bacilli as E. Coli and Klebsiella. The cause of acute sinusitis can also be pyogenic streptococcus.

What causes acute sinusitis in children?

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Symptoms of acute sinusitis

In newborns and infants, the disease in the form of ethmoiditis develops rapidly and is difficult. The catarrhal form is practically not diagnosed, since the disease passes into a purulent form for several hours. The prevalence of general symptoms over local symptoms is marked: severe deterioration of the condition, hyperthermia, child anxiety, regurgitation, vomiting. The baby is disrupted by nasal breathing, and as a result - food refusal occurs. In addition, they note shortness of breath, especially in the position of the baby lying down, and the appearance of swelling in the angle of the orbit, discharge from the nose. By the end of the first - on the second day of the disease, edema of the eye socket is noted, the eye is closed or half-closed, lacrimation and hyperemia appear.

Symptoms of acute sinusitis

Classification of acute sinusitis

The sinusitis is classified according to the duration of the disease, the nature of the inflammation, the localization of the process and the severity of the course.

Excrete acute and recurrent sinusitis. To acute sinusitis include diseases lasting up to 3 months. If acute sinusitis is repeated 2-4 times a year, it is customary to talk about recurrent sinusitis.

Acute sinusitis can be catarrhal and purulent in nature.

In addition, acute sinusitis is differentiated depending on the localization of the inflammatory process. Isolate acute sinusitis (acute maxillary sinusitis), acute frontitis (acute frontal sinusitis), acute etmoiditis (acute etmoidal sinusitis), acute sphenoiditis (acute sphenoidal sinusitis), pansinusitis.

[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]

Diagnosis of acute sinusitis

In assessing the clinical picture of the disease, diagnostic acute clinical sinusitis includes:

• purulent discharge from the nose;
• the flow of purulent discharge into the posterior wall of the pharynx;
• no effect on the appointment of intranasal decongestants;
• drip-syndrome.

Diagnosis of acute sinusitis

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Treatment of acute sinusitis

There is no special non-pharmacological treatment for acute sinusitis, both catarrhal and purulent. Diet is normal. Advanced mode, except for pansinusita, when appoint bed rest for 5-7 days.

It is necessary first of all to provide an outflow from the paranasal sinuses, For this, especially with catarrhal sinusitis, intranasal decon geggants are used. In addition, catarrhal sinusitis shows local antibacterial or antiseptic drugs. For this purpose, fusafungin (bioparox) is used in children over 2.5 years in a spray of 2-4 injections 4 times a day in each half of the nose for 5-7 days or hexethidine (hexoral) in a spray of 1-2 injections per each half of the nose 3 times a day also for 5-7 days. Children under the age of 2.5 years are prescribed hexoral in drops 1-2 drops 3-4 times a day in each half of the nose for 7-10 days.

How is acute sinusitis treated?