Antibiotics for maxillary sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis sometimes become the only solution to the problem, as they help to get rid of the infection or virus and, thus, "cleanse" the maxillary sinuses from accumulated pus. Treatment should be prescribed by a doctor, who will choose the optimal drug depending on the course of the disease and the patient's condition.

Sinusitis (maxillitis) is a very common disease that is infectious in nature and is accompanied by an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses. This is a type of sinusitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses. The main causes of maxillitis can be viral and bacterial infections that cause a long-term runny nose, common hypothermia, fungal infection, complications of influenza or acute respiratory viral infections, and various allergic factors.

Common symptoms include headache, fever, increased facial sensitivity, painful sensations in the eye sockets and forehead, and profuse nasal discharge. Inflammation causes a disruption in the outflow of secretions secreted by the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus, which in turn leads to the development of the disease. Under the influence of pathogenic microbes, mucus turns into pus. If sinusitis is not treated, it will become chronic.

Symptoms can be vague, but if there are pronounced sensations in the form of tension or pressure in the area of the inflamed sinus, abundant discharge from the nose, difficulty breathing, as well as headaches that intensify when tilting the head, or pain that radiates to the teeth, there is every reason to believe that an inflammatory process is developing in the maxillary sinuses.

As a rule, the causes of the disease are pathogenic or opportunistic bacterial flora. Antibiotics in various forms are used to treat this disease - tablets, sprays, nasal drops, and ampoules for injections. To determine the most suitable antibacterial agent, it is necessary to conduct a special study to determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to a particular antibiotic. Usually, the doctor refers the patient to the procedure of taking a bacterial culture of a smear from the nasal sinuses. Based on the obtained test results, it is possible to select a drug to which the pathogen will be most sensitive.

Treatment of the disease is usually prescribed if other methods (rinsing, inhalation, nasal drops) have not produced the desired result within the first 7-10 days. Modern antibiotics can relieve the patient of sinusitis in just a few days. They can be released in various medical forms: tablets, sprays, drops, solutions, injections. The doctor can prescribe several drugs at the same time to alleviate the patient's condition and speed up the recovery process.

It is best to entrust the choice of antibiotics for sinusitis to an experienced medical specialist - self-medication may not yield results. For example, if the development of maxillitis was caused by some fungal infection, taking the medicine may become ineffective. In this case, you need to "connect" antifungal drugs, as well as corticosteroids.

When treating a chronic disease, it is necessary to conduct a study to identify the true cause of the disease. It may be a pathology in the adenoids, a deviated nasal septum, or even banal caries. Only by eliminating the main cause of the pathology can you continue to fight its consequences.

[ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ]

Antibacterial treatment of sinusitis in adults

Before starting drug treatment, it is necessary to consult with an experienced medical specialist. He will assess the severity of the disease and select the most suitable drug.

Treatment in adults occurs when there is an acute course of the disease, or the chronic form has given serious complications. In some cases, the patient is placed on inpatient treatment. He is prescribed bed rest and a course of treatment with effective antibacterial agents. In most cases, intensive therapy gives positive results, and the patient quickly recovers. In severe situations, if there are complications, punctures of the maxillary sinuses are used.

Macrolides, penicillins and cephalosporins are usually used to treat adults. These include: Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, Ampiox, Cefazolin, Macropen, Ceftriaxone (often used to neutralize the acute phase), Tsifran, etc. The selection of an antibacterial agent depends on the general condition of the patient, the degree of complications associated with maxillitis, and other factors. Usually, the course of treatment is no more than 7 days. If intramuscular administration is necessary, a special sensitivity test should be performed. The chronic phase is usually treated with penicillins, in particular, Augmentin. Chronic forms take longer to get rid of - on average, such treatment is 2-3 weeks.

Any skin rash may indicate an allergy. In this case, you should stop taking the medication and consult a doctor to decide on an alternative remedy. Antihistamines and corticosteroids are often prescribed along with antibiotics, the action of which is aimed at reducing swelling, reducing inflammation and preventing allergies.

Cephalosporins are considered the most effective in treating sinusitis in adults today. Already on the second day after taking them, a significant improvement in the patient's condition is observed, unpleasant symptoms disappear, breathing becomes easier.

The choice of antibacterial agents today is quite extensive, but the treatment should be prescribed by an ENT doctor. Thus, he can prescribe antibiotics in the form of tablets, powder for injections, sprays, suspensions and drops. Injectable solutions are considered the most effective forms of antibacterial agents in medical practice. Without a qualified consultation with a medical specialist, treatment will not give the desired results and will be practically meaningless.

[ 5 ], [ 6 ]

Antibacterial treatment of sinusitis in children

Antibiotics for sinusitis for children are used only in rare cases, at advanced stages of the disease that have become chronic, when there are serious dangers to the child's life. The fact is that drugs of this type can have a very negative impact on the child's health in the future, since they often affect the liver and disrupt the intestinal microflora. The optimal dosage form of the antibacterial drug is selected depending on the child's age. These can be either tablets or injections.

How to recognize sinusitis in a child? The main symptoms of this disease in most cases are swelling of the face, headache, which intensifies when turning or tilting the head, a long-term cold of more than 7 days, accompanied by severe nasal congestion and runny nose, and recurrence of fever.

The antibiotic is selected taking into account the baby's condition, the course of the disease, and any complications that have arisen. Usually, doctors recommend modern antibacterial drugs for local use. Their advantages lie in the localization of active ingredients directly at the sites of infection. One of the most common and effective drugs for local use is Bioparox, as well as its analogues - Fusafungin and Hexoral. These are polypeptides that are available in the form of oral and nasal inhalers and act only in the area of application - on the mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavity, suppressing the source of infection. In addition, these drugs have a minimum number of side effects. The course of treatment with Bioparox or its analogues usually does not exceed one week. But they are contraindicated for children under 2.5 years old.

Among the classic drugs used to treat childhood maxillitis, sprays, nasal drops, suspensions and ointments can be noted. When diagnosing "catarrhal sinusitis", therapy is most often carried out with one drug with a wide range of action. In addition to taking antibiotics, other pharmaceutical drugs are used in the complex treatment of the disease, as well as nasal lavage based on folk recipes, compresses and inhalations. Treatment with antibacterial and effective auxiliary agents in most cases is positive.

[ 7 ], [ 8 ], [ 9 ], [ 10 ]

Antibiotic treatment courses for sinusitis

The course of treatment may take from 1-2 weeks and longer (up to 2 months), ‒ it all depends on the degree of infection. Antibacterial therapy is prescribed by a doctor in case of severe intoxication of the patient's body. If the situation requires it, drugs are administered intramuscularly. At the same time, modern vasoconstrictors (Sinuforte, Naphthyzinum, Galazolin, Sinupret, Sanorin, Nazol) are instilled into the nasal passages to reduce swelling of the mucous membrane. Aerosol inhalations have a special effect.

In case of extreme necessity, a puncture of the maxillary sinus and its rinsing with antiseptic solutions with subsequent administration of antibiotics are used. In the case of a protracted form of the disease, antimicrobial drugs are prescribed in the form of tablets or injections. Macrolides, azalides, beta-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins), and fluoroquinolones are used for these purposes. Usually, after 2-3 days from the start of treatment, the patient experiences a significant improvement in his condition, but if this does not happen, the doctor must select another antimicrobial drug that is more effective against the causative agent of the disease. The choice of the drug is mainly carried out after laboratory determination of the sensitivity of the causative agent to the active substance.

Systemic antibiotic therapy is necessary for moderate and severe forms, as well as when the streptococcal nature of the inflammatory process is established. The course of treatment is strictly individual in each specific case.

New antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis

New generation antibiotics for sinusitis - macrolides and cephalosporins of the 2nd and 3rd generation - are considered the most effective drugs in our time, which have found wide application in modern medicine in cases where penicillins do not provide positive dynamics in the treatment of patients.

New antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis from the group of so-called "cephalosporins" - Cefuroxine, Cefotaxime, Cecefoxitin, Cefachlor, Cefexime - are similar in structure to penicillins, however, unlike the latter, they not only inhibit development, but also completely destroy pathogenic bacteria.

The macrolide group - for example, Azithromycin, Macropen, and tetracyclines - are highly effective in treating even the most severe forms. The course of treatment is usually 5 days, and Macropen is able to suppress a bacterial infection in just three days. Unfortunately, along with the powerful effect of macrolide drugs on pathogens, their negative impact on the human body is observed. For this reason, these antibacterial agents are contraindicated during pregnancy and for small children. They are prescribed with special caution to patients who suffer from acute or chronic gastritis, due to the negative impact of drugs on the gastric mucosa. In such situations, patients are prescribed local medications that have less pronounced side effects.

Among modern antibacterial drugs of local action, Isofra and Bioparox can be noted. They have a powerful bactericidal effect on bacteria that cause infection of the upper respiratory tract, and are able to remove symptoms in just a few days - congestion in the maxillary sinuses, debilitating runny nose and difficulty breathing.

Antibiotics for sinusitis of the penicillin series are considered the most gentle in relation to the human body. Such drugs include, for example, Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin and Augmentin, which have proven their effectiveness in the treatment of the acute form of the disease.

Tablet forms

Antibiotics for sinusitis are available in different forms, but most often in tablets that have a general effect. Today, both powerful modern drugs and old-generation ones that have earned trust and are time-tested are used. Tablet forms not only actively fight the pathogen or virus, but also prevent the development of dangerous complications, in particular, such as meningitis, inflammation of the middle ear or otitis. Just 3-5 days of antibacterial therapy will bring relief and eliminate the cause of the disease.

Tablets used to treat the acute form are Macropen, Flemoxin Solutab, Zitrolide, Augmentin, etc. In case of intolerance to the penicillin group, the patient is prescribed tetracyclines or macrolides: Ampicillin, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, etc. When choosing the most suitable antibiotic, the doctor must take into account the characteristics of the course of the disease, the patient's condition, as well as the results of tests (nasal culture). It is important to choose the right and effective remedy, since a weak antibiotic may not have the desired effect. Since the study to determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to an antibacterial agent sometimes takes a long period of time (up to 2 weeks), empirical (selective) prescription of antibiotics is possible during treatment.

Often, a tablet antibiotic is prescribed to a patient in combination with local drugs - drops and nasal sprays. Usually, vasoconstrictors are instilled, and then a spray or drops are used. It is important to entrust the treatment to an experienced doctor, since self-medication with randomly selected tablets will not give an effective result. Sometimes, the use of drops and sprays alone also does not give a positive effect. A combination of antibiotics with antihistamines is mandatory, the action of which is aimed at relieving allergies and reducing swelling of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Among these, we can note Suprastin, Diphenhydramine, Tavegil.

Local antibiotics

Antibiotic therapy for sinusitis can be systemic and local. Local antibiotics are available in the form of a spray, which allows the drug to penetrate the paranasal sinuses and act directly on pathogenic microbes. Most often, systemic drugs are prescribed in combination with local ones, the action of which is aimed at clearing the air cavities from pus and mucus. Only under this condition will local drugs have an effective effect.

Among the antibacterial nasal sprays used in modern medical practice, the following can be noted:

• Isofra. Nasal spray containing framycetin from the aminoglycoside group. The spray effectively destroys bacteria that cause inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. It has virtually no side effects, except for a possible allergic reaction. The active substance, framycetin sulfate, is not absorbed into the blood. However, if the disease does not go away after a week of treatment, it is necessary to cancel this antibacterial agent.
• Bioparox. The active substance is fusafungine. It is produced in the form of an aerosol for inhalation and has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. Fusafungine penetrates into the blood in minimal quantities, so the use of this drug does not cause any danger. In addition, Bioparox has virtually no side effects, but it is not recommended for use in children under 3 years of age.

Antibiotic Sprays

Antibiotics for sinusitis in the form of sprays are usually used in combination with other ENT drugs (in particular, corticosteroids) and are used both in the treatment of acute forms and in the chronic course of the disease.

A distinctive feature of the antibiotic-based spray is that it does not enter the bloodstream, does not have a negative effect on the intestinal microflora, but fights directly with the source of inflammation. Among the drugs that are perfectly compatible and have an effective effect on microorganisms and bacteria that cause maxillitis, Phenylephrine and Polydexa can be distinguished. In addition to quickly liquefying mucus, these drugs relieve swelling and also actively suppress the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses.

Polydexa contains three main medicinal substances - polymyxin, neomycin and dexamethasone. Thus, it can be called combined, since it has several pharmacological effects at once. According to the instructions for use, Polydexa has a pronounced bactericidal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effect and is widely used in the treatment of various ENT complications.

The spray should be effective and help quickly suppress the inflammatory process. Bioparox and Isofra have proven themselves in this regard. Both sprays cope well with the main causes of the disease, eliminating inflammation in the nasal passages, and have a non-aggressive effect. It should be noted that the use of such drugs should not be too long and frequent. This can cause addiction to the action of active substances. In addition, under the influence of antibiotics, thinning of the walls of the blood vessels in the nose is observed. This can lead to hemorrhages with sharp jumps in blood pressure.

Often, sprays are used together with mucolytic sprays, which liquefy mucus in the maxillary sinuses, increasing the supply of oxygen to the affected areas, and also effectively cleanse the nasopharynx from pus. Among such sprays, one can note Rinoflimiucil, which has a mild vasoconstrictor effect. Another popular spray, Sinuforte, provides gentle drainage of the maxillary sinuses. It is not absorbed into the blood, while ensuring the integrity of the mucous epithelium.

Among the corticosteroid-based sprays used in combination therapy with antibiotics, Nosonex, Nasobek and Beconase can be distinguished. They actively relieve swelling of the mucous membranes by affecting certain cells of the immune system. After irrigation with such sprays, a burning sensation in the nasal cavity is usually observed, but other negative manifestations (dryness in the nose, nosebleeds, etc.) are extremely rare. It is not recommended to take corticosteroid sprays for small children and pregnant women.

Antibiotics in the form of a spray should be prescribed by a doctor, since the effectiveness of the drug lies in both the correct selection and competent use of the drug. The attending physician must take into account the individual condition of the patient, the course of the disease, its severity and other factors. As a result, a set of therapeutic measures prescribed by an experienced qualified doctor will lead to a quick recovery. Uncontrolled use of any means for the treatment of maxillitis, including antibiotic-based sprays, can cause various negative consequences.

Nasal antibiotics

Antibiotics for sinusitis can be in the form of tablets, sprays, and nasal drops. Most often, the doctor prescribes drops along with antibiotics, ‒ this helps to overcome the infection in record time.

Nasal potassium is prescribed for local action, which consists in the destruction of pathogenic microflora and suppression of the inflammatory process. In addition to Bioparox, Isofra, Polydex and Dioxidine are in great demand these days.

• Polydexa is an effective nasal spray or drops. One of the active ingredients, phenylephrine, facilitates nasal breathing due to its vasodilatory effect. Local action limits the number of side effects, which are very rare and include nausea, dizziness, and headache. Another substance in Polydexa, dexamethasone, has a pronounced anti-allergic effect. The combination of such antibacterial substances as polymyxin and neomycin expands its range of application and increases its effectiveness.
• Dioxidine – contains, in addition to the antibiotic, the hormones adrenaline and hydrocortisone. It is used both for washing the maxillary sinuses and for nasal instillation. It has narrow therapeutic indications, therefore, when taking it, it is necessary to adhere to the doses recommended by the doctor and not to exceed them in order to avoid the manifestation of toxicological properties.

For maxillitis, oil-based drops containing herbal extracts, Sinuforte and Sunipret, are often used in combination with antibiotics. These drops gently coat the nasal mucosa and have not only an antibacterial, but also an anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effect. The plant components found in these drops have an immunomodulatory effect.

Any nasal drops, if used frequently or for a long time, can cause:

• allergies;
• addiction;
• bleeding due to pressure surges;
• thinning of the nasal passage walls and other negative consequences.

Hypertensive patients and people with thyroid dysfunction should take the drops with special caution. During pregnancy and lactation, the use of such drugs is prohibited.

Modern antibiotic drops are characterized by abundance and the ability to choose the best medicine. Among the most common are Isofra, Polydex with phenylephrine, Bioparox (fusafungin), Dioxidin. Before use, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the nose. For this purpose, you can use a saline solution. To prepare it, dissolve 1 teaspoon of coarse rock salt in a glass of slightly cooled boiled water.

The course of treatment with antibacterial drugs in drops must be completed, even despite the first signs of improvement. Usually, such a course of therapy is 5-7-10 days, depending on the severity of the disease. Long-term use of drops can lead to the development of drug resistance to the drug, as well as cause various unpleasant symptoms, including allergies.

The drops should be instilled in a position lying on the side. In this case, you need to instill the nostril located below. After instillation, it is recommended to remain in the same position for several minutes so that the drops penetrate well into the maxillary sinuses. After 2-3 minutes, you can instill the second nostril.

Names of antibiotics for sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis are used to suppress the inflammatory process and destroy the source of the disease. Among the pathogens of the disease may be streptococcus, fungus, hemophilic bacillus, staphylococcus and various types of bacteria. Accordingly, in such cases, penicillin-type drugs are used.

Most popular titles:

• Ampicillin. An effective medicine with a broad spectrum of action and a pronounced bactericidal effect. Quickly stops the reproduction of bacteria. Ampicillin is most effective in the treatment of ENT infections, respiratory diseases, as well as gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections.
• Amoxicillin is a modern derivative of Ampicillin, has better absorption in the intestine and is able to accumulate in high concentrations directly in the maxillary sinuses, thereby providing even greater effectiveness.
• Flemoxin Solutab is another effective derivative of Ampicillin, has pronounced activity against pathogenic microorganisms and is widely used in the treatment of ENT diseases.
• Augmentin and Amoxiclav – combine Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. They have increased effectiveness and are alternatives used to treat infections that are resistant to Ampicillin.

In addition to penicillin-type drugs, it is necessary to note antibiotics belonging to the macrolide class. They are non-toxic and are widely used in cases where penicillins are not effective: •

• Clarithromycin,
• Zitrolide,
• Azithromycin,
• Sumamed,
• Macropen.

They also have a broad spectrum of action and are able to slow down the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, expressing activity in relation to anaerobes, mycoplasmas, intracellular microorganisms, ureaplasmas, chlamydia, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, spirochetes. They are distinguished by the ability to penetrate directly into cells, thereby demonstrating increased activity in relation to intracellular pathogens. The highest concentration of macrolides is observed in the inflammation focus, which significantly increases the effectiveness of such drugs.

For severe bacterial infections, which include maxillitis, cephalosporins are used - a group of antibacterial drugs that have low toxicity and are highly effective:

• Cefuroxime,
• Cefotaxime,
• Ceftriaxone.

All of them have an excellent antibacterial effect, they have proven themselves well in the treatment of ENT infections, respiratory tract infections, peritonitis, as well as sepsis, bacteremia.

Another group – fluoroquinolones – also provide a pronounced bactericidal and antimicrobial effect. These include:

• Ofloxacin,
• Ciprofloxacin,

Which have high activity, are capable of destroying the DNA of bacterial cells and inhibiting the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms. These drugs are used for diseases of the ENT organs, various infections of the respiratory tract, abdominal cavity, pelvic organs, etc.

Among local medications, Polydexa, Bioparox, Isofra can be noted. They are available in the form of drops and sprays. They have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and have an effective effect on pathogenic flora. It is necessary to remember that the prescription of antibacterial agents should come from a doctor, who will do this based on the results of tests, as well as subjective and objective research.

Macropen

Macropen currently occupies a leading position among other antibacterial drugs. It belongs to macrolides and is capable of exerting an active effect on many different bacteria, including those that are resistant to other antibiotics, such as penicillin. Thus, Macropen can be considered a new generation drug.

Effective in the treatment of chronic forms and is able to overcome the disease in the shortest possible time. The dosage form is tablets or granules for the preparation of a suspension. It is enough to take 1-2 capsules per day, and after 3-4 days the patient will feel significant relief, the disease will begin to recede.

During long-term therapy with Macropen, it is necessary to monitor the activity of liver enzymes, especially if the patient has severe liver dysfunction.

Of course, Macropen has contraindications. The main ones are children under 3 years of age, pregnancy and breastfeeding. Before treatment, it is necessary to consult an otolaryngologist. He will select the optimal regimen for taking the drug and warn the patient about possible side effects. Timely antibacterial treatment will help prevent the development of a chronic form.

Klacid

Klacid gives very good results for sinusitis. Its main action is to suppress microbial cells, inhibit their growth and reproduction. However, it must be taken strictly under the supervision of a doctor. The main active ingredient of this antibacterial drug is clarithromycin, which belongs to the semi-synthetic group of the so-called "macrolides". Klacid is very effective in the treatment of respiratory diseases and ENT organs, as well as skin lesions.

This drug has different forms of release: granules or tablets for the preparation of medicinal suspensions, as well as powder for injection solutions. Mostly, patients are prescribed prolonged-release tablets called Klacid SR. The dosage is 1-2 tablets per day. The course of treatment depends on the severity and varies from 6 to 14 days. However, in special cases, the therapeutic course can be extended to 6 months or even more.

It should be emphasized that Klacid is immediately absorbed into the bloodstream, which helps to quickly reduce the clinical symptoms of the disease, such as nasal congestion, headache, unpleasant sensations of pressure in the forehead and maxillary sinuses, as well as mucopurulent discharge from the nasal passages.

A special advantage of Klacid over other antibacterial drugs used to treat maxillitis is the absence of any allergic reactions. According to the results of many clinical trials, it is practically safe for patients of any age, including children. The effectiveness of this drug has been proven by time and medical practice.

[ 13 ], [ 14 ], [ 15 ], [ 16 ], [ 17 ], [ 18 ]

Antibiotics for chronic sinusitis

Antibiotics for chronic sinusitis are used in cases of prolonged, persistent runny nose, fever, increased temperature, general malaise and pain in various parts of the face, which may be permanent or appear episodically. In such cases, a special approach is required to treat the chronic form, in accordance with the specific symptoms of the disease.

In chronic cases, doctors mainly prescribe Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Ampiox, Doxycycline, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Tsifran, Macropen, Gramox (Flemoxin Solutab), Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin to patients.

Before taking an antibacterial drug, you should make sure that there is no allergic reaction to the active substance. Thus, when administered intramuscularly, a sensitivity test is performed. It should be discontinued if the patient has skin rashes that indicate an allergy.

If the treatment is ineffective, the patient is prescribed another drug.

When treating chronic maxillitis, it is very important to complete the full course of treatment, strictly according to the doctor's plan. Basically, such a course is from 10 to 14 days or more - it all depends on the improvement of the patient's condition.

[ 19 ], [ 20 ], [ 21 ], [ 22 ], [ 23 ]

Antibiotics for acute sinusitis

Acute sinusitis is accompanied by inflammatory processes in the maxillary sinus. Its main symptoms are unpleasant, constantly increasing sensations in the paranasal region, nasal passages, above the eyes, severe nasal congestion, difficulty breathing through the nose, persistent runny nose, increased body temperature to 38° and even higher, general malaise and weakness, loss of appetite.

Antibiotics for acute sinusitis should be used if its bacterial nature is proven and the causative agent of the disease is identified, and the likelihood of developing a purulent form is increased, or there are chronic diseases. Among modern drugs, the following can be noted:

• Amoxiclav. It is intended mainly for elderly patients for oral administration. It is recommended to dissolve in water before use.
• Augmentin. Effective for the treatment of adults and children (strictly under the supervision of a pediatrician). Adults are recommended to drink 1 tablet of Augmentin three times a day.
• Flemoxin Solutab. Can be taken regardless of food, swallowing the tablet whole. Usually, patients are prescribed a two-time dose of 500-2000 mg (for adults).
• Macropen. It is available in tablets and granules, respectively, for adults and children. The daily dose is usually 2-3 times. For patients over 20 kg, a dose of 22.5 ml is recommended. Macropen granules should be taken after meals, having previously dissolved them in water.
• Hikoncil. Effectively inhibits the activity of pathogenic bacteria, and also destroys their structural walls at the cellular level. There are different forms of release - suspension, powder and capsules. The daily dosage is 1-2 capsules three times a day.
• Zitrolide. Should be taken orally 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals.

It is also possible to note local polypeptides that have proven their high efficiency. It is worth noting Bioparox, as well as its analogues - Fusafungin and Hexoral. The action of the active substance is directed to the affected area, the medicine does not enter the systemic bloodstream, and also has no side effects. The course of treatment with Bioparox is usually 5-7 days.

It should be noted that if the temperature does not drop after 3-4 days of taking the medicine, it should be replaced with another one. Antihistamine tablets are often taken along with antibiotics, which reduce swelling and relieve allergies. In severe cases, the patient is given a puncture in the area of the inflamed sinuses to cleanse them of pathological mucus, and then antiseptic solutions are administered. Usually after such a procedure, the patient feels much better, unpleasant symptoms, in particular headaches, go away, breathing becomes easier, and the general condition improves.

[ 24 ], [ 25 ], [ 26 ], [ 27 ]

Antibiotics for sinusitis during pregnancy

Antibiotics for sinusitis (rhinosinusitis) are prescribed in cases of acute course of the disease, or when the disease has become chronic and has given complications in the form of purulent discharge. To diagnose this disease in pregnant women, such methods as classical ultrasound, diaphanoscopy, and thermal imaging are used, since X-rays are prohibited for expectant mothers.

Antibiotics for sinusitis during pregnancy are used only in cases of acute disease development. The most common are Azithromycin, Agumentin, and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Doctors can prescribe Spiramycin to expectant mothers - it is considered the safest during pregnancy, but only in extreme cases when other treatment methods do not give the desired results.

It should be noted that pregnant women are highly discouraged from taking antibiotics in tablet form, especially in the first months of pregnancy. Therefore, an alternative to tablets are other procedures, in particular, the introduction of local antibacterial agents (Isofra, Bioparox) directly into the maxillary sinuses. In combination with antibiotics, modern antihistamines are often prescribed, the action of which is aimed at reducing swelling of the mucous membrane.

Doctors often prescribe nasal vasoconstrictors (Pharmazoline, Otilin, DlyaNos, Nazivin, etc.) to pregnant women, which reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and clean the openings of the maxillary sinuses well. However, they are prescribed only in cases of extreme necessity.

A pregnant woman should never self-medicate maxillitis, as this can lead to unpleasant consequences and even dangerous conditions. After all, any medicine during pregnancy, and especially an antibiotic, is used in extreme cases, when the potential benefit from its use exceeds all possible dangers and risks for the expectant mother and her child.

[ 11 ], [ 12 ]

The best antibiotic for sinusitis

How to choose the right antibiotic? The solution to this question is the prerogative of the doctor. The results of X-ray examinations and laboratory tests will help him decide on the optimal drug.

The best antibiotic for sinusitis is the one to which the pathogen is most sensitive, according to the smear results. Usually, if after 48 hours of taking the antibacterial drug the patient has not felt much relief, it means that the pathogen has developed resistance to this drug, or the main cause of the pathology is not a bacterial infection, but a virus, fungal infection, or an allergic factor.

When choosing a medicine, the doctor must take into account the patient's age, the characteristics of the disease, and the likelihood of various complications. The acute form usually requires taking one antibacterial drug, but the most effective one. In severe cases of the disease, it is necessary to prescribe intramuscular or intravenous injections. The course of antibacterial therapy should last at least one week (7 days). Even if the patient's condition improves, it is not recommended to stop treatment.

In the chronic form, a combination of topical medications with broad-spectrum antibiotics is usually used. The best result is achieved by using new-generation antibacterial agents - Augmetin, 3rd generation Cephalosproin, Azithromycin, Bioparox, etc.

Antibiotics for sinusitis are selected taking into account individual sensitivity and mandatory isolation of the infectious agent by smear microscopy, otherwise the treatment may be ineffective and will only worsen the patient's condition. In medical practice, the following groups of antibacterial drugs are used for effective therapy:

• Penicillins (Ampicillin, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Flemoklav Solutab, Augmentin, etc.). They are considered the most effective. Their main advantages include good tolerability and limited side effects. However, in the inflammatory process caused by a pathogen resistant to penicillins, such drugs are ineffective.
• Cephalosporins (Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone). Used in severe cases and absence of desired results when using milder medications.
• Macrolides (Sumamed, Clarithromycin, Zitrolide, Macropen). Often prescribed for treatment of children. An alternative in case of intolerance to penicillin drugs.
• Fluoroquinolones (Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin). These are modern drugs to which the main pathogens have not yet developed immunity.
• Local (sprays, solutions, nasal drops). Used to avoid many side effects due to intramuscular or oral administration. Local include Bioparox (Fusofungin), Isofra, Polydexa and others.