Antibiotics for sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis sometimes become the only solution to the problem, because they help get rid of the infection or the virus and, thus, "clear" the maxillary sinuses from accumulated pus. Treatment should appoint a doctor who will choose the optimal drug depending on the course of the disease and the patient's condition.

Genyantritis ( maxillitis ) - a very common disease, which is of an infectious nature and is accompanied by an inflammatory process in the mucosa of the maxillary sinuses. This is a kind of sinusitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses. The main reasons for the development of maxillitis may be viral and bacterial infections that cause a prolonged runny nose, usual hypothermia, fungal infection, complications of influenza or ARVI, various allergic factors.

Common symptoms are headache, fever, facial hypersensitivity, soreness in the eye and forehead, and abundant discharge from the nose. Inflammation provokes a violation of the outflow of secretion, which is secreted by the mucosa of the maxillary sinus, which, in turn, leads to the development of the disease. Under the influence of pathogenic microbes, the mucus turns into pus. If the genyantritis is not treated, it will go into a chronic form.

Symptoms are smeared, but with strong feelings of tension or pressure in the area of the inflamed sinus, abundant secretions from the nose, shortness of breath, and headaches that increase with head tilts, or pain giving to the teeth, there is every reason to believe about development inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses.

As a rule, the cause of the disease is a pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic bacterial flora. To treat this disease, antibiotics are used in various forms - tablets, sprays, nasal drops, and also ampoules for injections. To determine the most suitable antibacterial agent, it is necessary to conduct a special study to determine the sensitivity of the causative agent of an infection to a particular antibiotic. Usually, the doctor sends the patient to the procedure for taking a bacterial swab of a nasal smear. Based on the result of the analysis, you can choose the drug to which the pathogen will be most sensitive.

Treatment of the disease is usually prescribed, if during the first 7-10 days the use of other methods (washes, inhalations, instillations of the nose) did not give the desired result. Modern antibiotics can save a patient from sinusitis in just a few days. They can be released in various medical forms: in the form of tablets, sprays, drops, solutions, injections. The doctor can prescribe the taking of several drugs at the same time to alleviate the patient's condition and accelerate the recovery process.

The choice of an antibiotic from a genyantritis is best entrusted to the skilled medical expert, - self-treatment can not give results. So, for example, if the development of maxillitis caused some fungal infection, taking the medicine may become ineffective. In this case, you need to "connect" antifungal drugs, as well as corticosteroids.

When treating a disease in chronic form, it is necessary to conduct a study to identify the true cause of the disease. It can be pathology in the adenoids, curvature of the nasal septum and even banal caries. Only by eliminating the main cause of pathology, you can continue to fight its consequences.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Antibacterial treatment of sinusitis in adults

Before starting medication, you should consult an experienced medical professional. It is he who will assess the severity of the disease and select the most appropriate drug.

Treatment in adults takes place when there is an acute course of the disease, or the chronic form has caused serious complications. In some cases, the patient is placed on inpatient treatment. He is prescribed bed rest and treatment with effective antibacterial agents. In most cases, intensive therapy produces positive results, and the patient quickly goes on to recover. In severe situations with complications, punctures of the maxillary sinuses are applied.

Usually, macrolides, penicillins and cephalosporins are used to treat adults. These include: Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, Ampiox, Cephazoline, Macropen, Ceftriaxone (often used to neutralize the acute phase), Cyphran, etc. The selection of an antibacterial agent depends on the general condition of the patient, the degree of complications associated with maxillitis, and other factors. Usually the course of treatment is no more than 7 days. If necessary, intramuscular injection should be a special test for sensitivity. The chronic phase is treated, as a rule, by penicillins, in particular, by Augmentin. From chronic forms get rid of longer - on average, such treatment is 2-3 weeks.

Any skin rashes may indicate an allergy. In this case, the medication should be discontinued and consult a doctor to decide on the choice of an alternative remedy. Often together with antibiotics, antihistamines and corticosteroids are prescribed, whose action is aimed at reducing edema, reducing inflammation and preventing allergies.

The most effective at treatment of a genyantritis at adults for today are considered cephalosporins. On the second day after their administration, a significant improvement in the patient's condition is observed, unpleasant symptoms disappear, breathing is facilitated.

The choice of antibacterial agents today is quite extensive, but the purpose of treatment should be done by an ENT doctor. So, he can attribute antibiotics in the form of tablets, powder for the preparation of injections, sprays, suspensions and drops. The most effective forms of release of antibacterial agents in medical practice are considered to be injectable solutions. Without a qualified consultation of a medical specialist, treatment will not produce the desired results and will practically be meaningless.

[5], [6]

Antibacterial treatment of sinusitis in children

Antibiotics for sinusitis for the treatment of children are used only in rare cases, with advanced stages of the disease, which have passed into chronic forms when it comes to serious dangers to the life of the child. The fact that drugs of this type can have a very negative impact on the health of the child in the future, because often affect the liver and disrupt the intestinal microflora. The optimal dosage form of an antibacterial drug is selected depending on the age of the child. It can be both tablets and injections.

How to recognize sinusitis in a child? The main symptoms of this disease in most cases are puffiness of the face, a headache that increases with the turns or inclinations of the head, a prolonged cold for more than 7 days, accompanied by a strong nasal congestion and runny nose, the reoccurrence of temperature.

Antibiotic is selected taking into account the state of the baby, the course of the disease, as well as the complications that have appeared. Typically, doctors recommend modern topical antibacterial drugs. Their advantages are in the localization of active agents directly in the foci of infection. One of the most common and effective drugs of local action is Bioparox, as well as its analogues - Fusafungin and Hexoral. These are polypeptides that are available in the form of oral and nasal inhalers and only work in the field of application - on the mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavities, suppressing the focus of infection. In addition, these drugs have a minimal amount of side effects. The course of treatment with Bioparox or its analogs usually does not exceed one week. But children under 2.5 years are contraindicated.

Among the classic drugs used to treat children's maxillitis, we can mention sprays, nasal drops, suspensions and ointments. When diagnosing "catarrhal sinusitis", therapy is most often performed with a single medicine that has a wide spectrum of action. In addition to taking antibiotics, the complex treatment of the disease uses other pharmaceutical preparations, as well as washing the nasal passages on the basis of alternative prescriptions, compresses and inhalations. Treatment with antibacterial and effective auxiliaries in most cases is positive.

[7], [8], [9], [10]

Rates of antibiotic treatment for sinusitis

The course of treatment can take from 1-2 weeks and longer (up to 2 months), it all depends on the degree of infection. Antibacterial therapy is prescribed by a doctor with severe intoxication of the patient's body. If the situation so requires, the drugs are administered intramuscularly. At the same time to reduce the swelling of the mucous membrane in the nasal passages instilled modern vasoconstrictors (Sinuforte, Naftizin, Galazolin, Sinupret, Sanorin, Nazol). Aerosols inhalation have a special effect.

In case of emergency, apply a puncture of the maxillary sinus and its washing with antiseptic solutions with further administration of antibiotics. With prolonged form of the disease, antimicrobials are given in the form of tablets or injections. To this end, macrolides, azalides, beta-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins), as well as fluoroquinolones, are used. Usually after 2-3 days after the beginning of admission the patient shows a significant improvement in the condition, but if this does not happen, the doctor must choose another antimicrobial drug that is more effective against the pathogen. The choice of the drug is mainly carried out after the laboratory determination of the sensitivity of the pathogen to the active substance.

Systemic antibiotic therapy is necessary for moderate and severe forms, as well as for determining the streptococcal nature of the inflammatory process. The course of treatment is strictly individual in each case.

New antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis

Antibiotics for the genyantritis of the new generation - macrolides and cephalosporins of the 2nd generation - are considered in our time to be the most effective drugs that have found wide application in modern medicine in those cases when penicillins do not give positive dynamics in the treatment of patients.

New antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis from the group of so-called. "Cephalosporins" - Cefuroxin, Cefotaxime, Tsecefoksitin, Tsefahlor, Tsefeksim - in their structure resemble penicillins, however, unlike the latter, they not only inhibit the development, but also completely destroy the pathogenic bacteria.

A group of macrolides - for example, Azithromycin, Macropen, and tetracyclines, are highly effective in treating even the most severe forms. The course of treatment is usually 5 days, and Macroben is able to suppress a bacterial infection in just three days. Unfortunately, along with the powerful effect of drugs of macrolide group on pathogens, their negative impact on the human body is observed. For this reason, these antibacterial drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy, as well as small children. With special care are assigned to patients who suffer from acute or chronic gastritis, because of the negative effect of drugs on the gastric mucosa. In such situations, patients are prescribed local drugs with less pronounced side effects.

Of the modern antibacterial agents of local effects, Isofro and Bioparox can be noted. They have a powerful bactericidal action against bacteria that cause infection of the upper respiratory tract, and are able in just a few days to remove symptoms - congestion in the maxillary sinuses, debilitating rhinitis and difficulty breathing.

Antibiotics for genyantritis penicillin series are considered the most sparing in relation to the human body. These drugs, for example, include Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin and Augurmentin, which have proven effective in the treatment of acute disease.

Tablet forms

Antibiotics for sinusitis are available in different forms, but most often in tablets that have a general effect. To date, both powerful and modern medicines are used, as well as the old generation, which have earned the trust and experienced the time. Tablet forms not only actively fight the causative agent of infection or the virus, but also prevent the development of dangerous complications, such as meningitis, middle ear inflammation or otitis media. Only 3-5 days of antibiotic therapy will bring relief and eliminate the cause of the disease.

Tablets that are used to treat acute forms are Macropen, Flemoxin Solutab, Zitrolide, Augmentin, etc. If the Penicillin group is intolerant, tetracyclines or macrolides are prescribed to the patient: Ampicillin, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, etc. When choosing the most suitable antibiotic, the physician should take into account the flow characteristics disease, the patient's condition, as well as the results of tests (sowing from the nose). It is important to choose the right and effective remedy, since a weak antibiotic may not have the desired effect. Since the study to determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to an antibacterial agent sometimes takes a long period of time (up to 2 weeks), in the treatment of possible empirical (selective) administration of antibiotics.

Often, the tablet antibiotic is given to the patient in combination with topical preparations - drops and sprays for the nose. Usually, vasoconstrictors are instilled, and then spray or drops are used. It is important to entrust the treatment to an experienced doctor, since self-medication with selected tablets at random will not give an effective result. Sometimes the use of just drops and sprays also does not have a positive effect. Compulsory is the combination of antibiotics with antihistamines, the action of which is aimed at removing allergies and reducing edema of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Among these are Suprastin, Dimedrol, Tavegil.

Local antibiotics

Antibiotic therapy in the treatment of sinusitis can be systemic and local. Local antibiotics are available in the form of a spray, which allows the drug to penetrate into the paranasal sinuses and act directly on pathogens. Most often, in combination with local, systemic drugs are prescribed, the action of which is aimed at purifying air cavities from pus and mucus. Only under such conditions, local drugs will have an effective effect.

Of the nasal sprays of antibacterial action that are used in modern medical practice, we can note the following:

• Isophra. Nasal spray, which contains framicetin from the group of aminoglycosides. Spray effectively destroys the bacteria that cause inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. It has virtually no side effects, except for a possible allergic reaction. The active substance - framicetin sulfate - is not absorbed into the blood. However, if after a week of treatment the illness does not pass, it is necessary to cancel this antibacterial agent.
• Bioparox. The active substance is fusafungin. Produced in the form of an aerosol for inhalation and has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. Fusafungin penetrates into the blood in minimal amounts, so the use of this drug does not cause any danger. In addition, Bioparox virtually no side effects, but it is not recommended for children up to 3 years.

Sprays with antibiotics

Antibiotics for sinusitis in the form of sprays usually occur in a complex combination with other ENT-medications (in particular, corticosteroids) and are used both in the treatment of acute forms and in the chronic course of the disease.

A distinctive feature of a spray based on an antibiotic is that it does not enter the blood flow system, does not adversely affect the intestinal microflora, but fights directly with the focus of inflammation. Of drugs that perfectly match and have an effective effect on microorganisms and bacteria that cause maxillitis, you can identify Phenylephrine and Polidex. In addition to the rapid liquefaction of mucus, these drugs relieve swelling, and also actively suppress the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses.

Polidex contains three main medicinal substances - polymyxin, neomycin and dexamethasone. Thus, it can be called combined, because he has several pharmacological effects. According to the instructions for use, Polidex has a pronounced bactericidal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effect and is widely used in the treatment of various ENT complications.

The spray should be effective and promote rapid suppression of the inflammatory process. In this regard, Bioparox and Isofra are well established. Both sprays cope well with the main causes of the disease, eliminating foci of inflammation in the nasal passages, and have a non-aggressive effect. It should be noted that the use of such drugs should not be too long and frequent. This can cause addiction to the action of active substances. In addition, the thinning of the walls of the vessels of the nose is observed under the influence of antibiotics. This can lead to hemorrhages at sharp jumps of arterial pressure.

Often together with sprays, spray mucolytics are used that dilute mucus in the maxillary sinuses, increasing the access of oxygen to the affected areas, and also effectively cleans the nasopharynx cavity from the pus. Of these sprays, mention may be made of Rinoflumucil, which has a mild vasoconstrictive effect. Another popular spray - Sinuforte - provides accurate drainage of the maxillary sinuses. It is not absorbed into the blood, while ensuring the integrity of the epithelium of the mucosa.

From sprays based on corticosteroids, which are used in complex therapy along with antibiotics, it is possible to isolate Nosonex, Nasobek and Baconase. They actively remove the swelling of the mucous membranes by affecting certain cells of the immune system. After irrigation with such sprays, burning in the nasal cavity is usually observed, but other negative manifestations (dry nose, nosebleeds, etc.) are extremely rare. It is not recommended to take sprai-corticosteroids for small children and pregnant women.

Antibiotics in the form of a spray should be prescribed by a doctor, since the effectiveness of the drug consists both in the correct selection and the competent use of the drug. The attending physician should take into account the individual condition of the patient, the course of the disease, its severity and other factors. As a result, a set of therapeutic measures, appointed by an experienced skilled physician, will lead to a rapid recovery. Uncontrolled use of any means to treat maxillitis, including antibiotic-based sprays, can cause various negative consequences.

Nasal antibiotics

Antibiotics for sinusitis can take the form of tablets, sprays, and also nasal drops. Most often the doctor prescribes drops with antibiotics, it helps to overcome the infection in record time.

Nasal potassium is prescribed for local action, which consists in the destruction of pathogenic microflora and suppression of the inflammatory process. In addition to Bioparox, Isofra, nowadays Polydex and Dioxydin are in great demand.

• Polydex is an effective spray or a drop for the nose. One of the active ingredients - phenylephrine - facilitates nasal breathing due to vasodilating action. Local effects limit the number of side effects - they are very rare in the form of nausea, dizziness, headache. Another substance that is part of Polideksa - dexamethasone - has a pronounced anti-allergenic effect. The combination of such antibacterial substances as polymyxin and neomycin, expands the range of its use and increases its effectiveness.
• Dioxydin - contains, in addition to the antibiotic, adrenaline and hydrocortisone hormones. It is used both for washing the maxillary cavities, and for instilling the nose. It has narrow therapeutic indications; therefore, when taking it, it is necessary to observe the recommended dosages and not to exceed them in order to avoid the appearance of toxicological properties.

In maxillites in combination with antibiotics, oil-based drops containing extracts of herbs are often used, such as Sinuforte and Sunipret. These drops gently envelop the nasal mucosa and have not only antibacterial, but also anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effects. Plant components, which are present in the composition of such droplets, have an immunomodulatory effect.

Any nasal drops in case of their frequent or prolonged use can cause:

• allergy;
• addictive;
• bleeding at pressure surges;
• thinning of the walls of the nasal passages and other negative consequences.

With extreme caution, drops should be taken by hypertensive patients, as well as people with thyroid dysfunction. In pregnancy and lactation, the use of such medicines is prohibited.

Modern drops with an antibiotic are characterized by abundance and the possibility of choosing the optimal medication. Among the most common can be identified isofru, Polidex with phenylephrine, Bioparox (fusafungin), Dioxydin. Before use, it is necessary to rinse the nose well. To this end, you can use brine. To make it, you should dissolve 1 teaspoon of large rock salt in a glass of slightly cooled boiled water.

The course of treatment with antibacterial drugs in drops should be brought to an end, even despite the first signs of improvement. Typically, this course of therapy is 5-7-10 days, depending on the severity of the disease. Long-term administration of drops can lead to the development of drug resistance to the drug, as well as cause various unpleasant symptoms, including allergies.

Drip drops should be in the prone position on the side. In this case, you need to dig in the nostril, which is located below. After instillation it is recommended to remain in the same position for several minutes, so that the drops penetrate well into the maxillary sinuses. After 2-3 minutes, you can instill a second nostril.

Names of antibiotics for sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis are used to suppress the inflammatory process and destroy the source of the disease. Among the pathogens may be streptococcus, fungus, hemophilus rod, staphylococcus and various types of bacteria. Accordingly, in such cases, drugs of the penicillin series are used.

The most popular names are:

• Ampicillin. An effective medicine with a wide spectrum of action and a pronounced bactericidal effect. Quickly stops the reproduction of bacteria. The greatest effectiveness of Ampicillin in the treatment of infections of the ENT organs, respiratory system diseases, as well as gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections.
• Amoxicillin - a modern derivative of Ampicillin, has the best absorption in the intestine and is able to accumulate in large concentrations directly in the maxillary sinuses, thereby providing even greater efficacy.
• Flemoxin soluteba - another effective derivative of Ampicillin, has a pronounced activity against pathogens and is widely used in the treatment of diseases of the ENT organs.
• Augmentin and Amoxiclav - combine Amoxicillin and clavulonic acid. They have increased effectiveness and are alternative, which are used to treat infections that are resistant to Ampicillin.

In addition to drugs of the penicillin series, it is necessary to note the ani-biotics, belonging to the class of macrolides. They are non-toxic and widely used in cases where penicillins are not effective: •

• Clarithromycin,
• Zitrolide,
• Azithromycin,
• Sumamed,
• Macropean.

They also have a wide spectrum of action and are able to slow down the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria, expressing activity against anaerobes, mycoplasmas, intracellular microorganisms, ureoplasms, chlamydia, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, spirochetes. They differ in the ability to penetrate directly into the cells, thereby showing increased activity relative to the intracellular pathogens of the disease. The highest concentration of macrolides is observed in the focus of inflammation, which greatly increases the effectiveness of such drugs.

For bacterial infections of a severe degree, including maxillitis, cephalosporins are used - a group of antibacterial drugs that have low toxicity and have high efficacy:

• Cefuroxime,
• Cefotaxime,
• Ceftriaxone.

All of them have an excellent antibacterial effect, they have proven themselves in the treatment of infections of the ENT organs, respiratory tract, peritonitis, as well as sepsis, bacteremia.

Another group - fluoroquinolones - also provide a pronounced bactericidal and antimicrobial effect. These include:

• Ofloxacin,
• Ciprofloxacin,

Which are highly active, are capable of destroying the DNA of bacterial cells and inhibiting the multiplication of pathogens. These drugs are used in diseases of ENT organs, various infections of the respiratory tract, abdominal cavity, pelvic organs, etc.

Of the local medicines can be noted Polidexu, Bioparox, Isofro. They are available in the form of drops and sprays. They have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and have an effective effect on the pathogenic flora. It must be remembered that the appointment of antibacterial drugs must come from a doctor who will do this on the basis of the results of the analysis, as well as subjective and objective research.

Macropen

Macroben today takes the leading place among other antibacterial drugs. It belongs to macrolides and is able to exert an active influence on many different bacteria, including those that show resistance to other antibiotics, for example, penicillin series. Thus, Macropen can be considered a new generation drug.

Effective in the treatment of chronic forms and is able to overcome the disease in the shortest possible time. The dosage form is tablets or granules for the preparation of a suspension. Enough intake of 1-2 capsules per day, and after 3-4 days the patient will feel considerable relief, the disease will begin to recede.

With prolonged therapy with Macropen, there is a need to monitor the activity of liver enzymes, especially if the patient has pronounced violations of the liver.

Certainly, Macropean has contraindications. Among the main ones are children's age up to 3 years, the period of pregnancy and lactation. Before treatment it is necessary to consult a doctor-otolaryngologist. He will select the optimal scheme for taking the medicine and warn the patient about possible side effects. Timely antibacterial treatment will help prevent the development of chronic form.

Clacid

Clatid with sinusitis gives very good results. Its main action is the inhibition of microbial cells, the suppression of their growth and reproduction. However, it must be taken strictly under the supervision of a doctor. The main active substance of this antibacterial drug is clarithromycin, which belongs to the semisynthetic group of so-called. "Macrolides". Klacid is very effective in the treatment of respiratory diseases and ENT organs, as well as skin lesions.

This drug has different forms of release: granules or tablets for the preparation of therapeutic suspensions, as well as powder for injection solutions. In general, patients are prescribed prolonged-action tablets, called Clacidum SR. The dosage is 1-2 tablets taken per day. The course of treatment depends on the degree of severity and varies from 6 to 14 days. However, in special cases, the therapeutic course can be extended up to 6 months and even more.

It should be emphasized that Clacid is immediately absorbed into the bloodstream, which contributes to the rapid reduction of clinical symptoms of the disease, such as nasal congestion, headache, uncomfortable compression of the forehead and maxillary sinuses, and mucopurulent discharge from the nasal passages.

A particular advantage of Clacid over other antibacterial drugs that are used to treat maxillitis is the absence of any allergic reactions. According to the results of many clinical trials, it is practically safe for a patient of any age, including children. The effectiveness of this drug is proven by time and medical practice.

[13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18]

Antibiotics for chronic sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis, occurring in chronic form, are used in the case of prolonged, persistent runny nose, fever, fever, general malaise and pain in various parts of the face, which can be permanent, or appear sporadically. In such cases, the treatment of chronic form requires a special approach, according to the specific symptoms of the disease.

Basically, with chronic course, doctors prescribe to patients Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Ampiox, Doxycycline, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Cyphran, Macropen, Gramox (Flemoxin Solutab), Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin.

Before taking an antibacterial drug, you should make sure that there is no allergic reaction to the active ingredient. So, with intramuscular injection, a test for sensitivity is made. It must be canceled if the patient has skin rashes that indicate an allergy.

If the treatment is ineffective, another medication is prescribed to the patient.

When treating chronic maxillitis it is very important to undergo a full course of treatment, strictly according to the scheme outlined by the doctor. Basically, this course is 10 to 14 days and more, all depends on the improvement of the patient's condition.

[19], [20], [21], [22], [23]

Antibiotics for acute sinusitis

Acute antritis is accompanied by inflammatory processes in the maxillary sinus. Its main symptoms are unpleasant, constantly increasing sensations in the near-nasal region, nasal passages, above the eyes, severe nasal congestion, difficulty in nasal breathing, unceasing runny nose, fever of up to 38 ° and even more, general malaise and weakness, decreased appetite.

Antibiotics for acute sinusitis should be used if it is proved its bacterial nature and the causative agent of the disease, as well as the probability of developing a purulent form, or there are chronic diseases. From modern medicines it is possible to note:

• Amoxiclav. It is intended mainly for older patients for oral administration. Before use, dissolve in water.
• Augmentin. Effective for the treatment of adults and children (strictly under the supervision of a pediatrician). Adults are recommended to drink 1 tablet of Augmentin three times a day.
• Flemoxin Solutab. You can eat regardless of food, swallowing the pill entirely. Typically, patients are prescribed a double intake in a dosage of 500-2000 mg (for adults).
• Macropean. Produced in the form of tablets and granules - respectively, for adults and children. Daily intake is usually 2-3 times. Patients in excess of 20 kg are recommended a dose of 22.5 ml. Granules Macrofen should be taken after meals, previously dissolved in water.
• Hiconcile. Effectively inhibits the activity of pathogenic bacteria, and also destroys at the cellular level their structural walls. There are different forms of release - suspension, powder and capsules. The daily dosage is 1-2 capsules three times a day.
• Zitrolide. It should be taken orally 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after eating.

Polypeptides of local action can also be noted, which proved to be highly effective. It should be noted Bioparox, as well as its analogues - Fusafungin and Geksoral. The action of the active substance is directed to the affected area, the drug does not enter the systemic circulation, and also has no side effects. The course of treatment with Bioparox is usually 5-7 days.

It should be noted that if at the end of 3-4 days after the start of taking the medicine the temperature does not drop, it should be replaced with another one. Often together with antibiotics, antihistamine tablets are taken, which reduce edema and relieve allergies. In severe cases, the patient is punctured at a site of inflamed sinuses to purify them from pathological mucus, and then antiseptic solutions are administered. Usually after such procedure the patient becomes much easier, unpleasant symptoms pass, in particular headaches, breathing is facilitated, the general condition improves.

[24], [25], [26], [27]

Antibiotics for genyantritis in pregnancy

Antibiotics for sinusitis (rhinosinusitis) are prescribed in cases of acute course of the disease, or when the ailment has passed into a chronic form and has caused complications in the form of purulent discharge. To diagnose this disease in pregnant women, methods such as classical ultrasound, diaphanoscopy, and thermal imaging are used, since X-rays to prospective mothers are prohibited.

Antibiotics for sinusitis during pregnancy are used only in cases of the development of an acute form of the disease. The most common are Azithromycin, Agumentin, as well as cephalosprosins of the 3rd generation. Doctors can prescribe to future mothers Spiramycin - is considered the safest in pregnancy, but only in extreme cases, when other methods of treatment do not give the desired results.

It should be noted that pregnant women are not very desirable to take antibiotics in the form of tablets, especially in the first months of bearing a baby. Therefore, the alternative to the tablets are other procedures, in particular, the introduction of antibacterial agents of local action (Isofra, Bioparox) directly into the maxillary sinuses. In combination with antibiotics, modern antihistamines are often prescribed, the action of which is aimed at reducing the swelling of the mucosa.

Often, doctors prescribe vasoconstrictive nasal drugs to pregnant women (Pharmazoline, Otilin, ForNos, Nazivin, etc.), which reduce the mucosal edema and well clear the apertures of the maxillary sinuses. However, their appointment is carried out only in case of emergency.

A pregnant woman should never be engaged in self-treatment maxillitis, tk. This can lead to unpleasant consequences and even dangerous conditions. After all, any medicine in pregnancy, and especially antibiotic, is used in extreme cases, when the potential benefit of using it exceeds all possible dangers and risks for the future mother and her child.

[11], [12]

The best antibiotic for genyantritis

How to choose the right antibiotic? The solution of this question is the prerogative of the doctor. Determine the choice of the optimal drug will help him the results of X-ray and laboratory tests.

The best antibiotic for sinusitis is the one to which the pathogen is the most sensitive to the results of the smear. Usually, if the patient has not felt much relief after 48 hours after taking the antibacterial drug, then the causative agent has developed resistance to the drug, or the main cause of the pathology is not a bacterial infection but a virus, a fungal lesion, or an allergic factor.

When choosing a medicine, the doctor should take into account the patient's age, the features of the course of the disease, and the likelihood of developing various complications. The acute form usually requires taking one antibacterial drug, but the most effective one. In severe disease, there is a need for intramuscular or intravenous injections. The course of antibiotic therapy should last at least one week (7 days). Even with the observation of improvement, the patient is not recommended to stop treatment.

In chronic form, a combination of topical drugs with broad-spectrum antibiotics is usually used. The best result is achieved with the use of antibacterial agents of the new generation - Augmetin, Cephalosprosin of the third generation, Azithromycin, Bioparox, etc.

Antibiotics for sinusitis are selected taking into account individual sensitivity and mandatory isolation of the infectious agent by smear microscopy, otherwise the treatment may be ineffective and only aggravate the patient's condition. In medical practice for effective therapy, such groups of antibacterial drugs are used:

• Penicillins (Ampicillin, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Flemoclav solutab, Augmentin, etc.). Consider the most effective. Their main advantages are good tolerability and limited side effects. However, in the inflammatory process, which is caused by a pathogen that is resistant to penicillins, such drugs are ineffective.
• Cephalosporins (Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone). They are used in severe and lack of desired results when using lighter drugs.
• Macrolides (Sumamed, Clarithromycin, Zitrolide, Macropen). Often prescribed for treatment in children. Alternative for intolerance to penicillin drugs.
• Fluoroquinolones (Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin). These are modern medicines, to which the main pathogens did not have time to develop immunity.
• Local (sprays, solutions, nasal drops). Used to avoid many side effects due to intramuscular or oral administration. Local include Bioparox (Fusofungin), Isofra, Polidexa and others.