The heart is one of the most important organs of the most complex system, which is usually called the human body. This is her motor, supplying blood to the remotest corners, so that all organs receive sufficient nutrition and can work without interruption.
Tricuspid and pulmonary heart valves regulate the blood flow from the tissues to the lungs for oxygenation, the mitral and aortic valves of the left heart control the blood flow to the organs and tissues of the arterial blood. The aortic and pulmonary are the output valves of the left and right ventricles, respectively.
Anatomy of the aortic valve is considered the most studied, since it is described long ago, beginning with Leonardo da Vinci (1513) and Valsalva (1740), and repeatedly, especially during the second half of the XX century.
Earlier it was thought that all heart valves are simple structures whose contribution to unidirectional blood flow is simply a passive movement in response to the acting pressure gradient.
The tricuspid valve, as well as the mitral valve, consists of a complex of anatomical formations, including a fibrous ring, valves, tendon chords, papillary muscles and adjacent areas of the right atrium and ventricle.
The mitral valve is an anatomical functional structure of the funnel-shaped heart, consisting of a fibrous ring, wings with chords, papillary muscles, functionally associated with adjacent areas of the left atrium and ventricle.
The valve of the pulmonary artery is separated from the fibrous carcass of the heart by the muscular septum of the outlet section of the right ventricle. This valve does not have a fibrous support. Its semilunar base rests on the myocardium of the outlet part of the right ventricle.
The cerebral blood is supplied by the branches of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Each internal carotid artery gives the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, the anterior villous artery and the posterior connective artery.
The veins of the lower limb are divided into superficial and deep. Superficial veins of the lower limb. The rear digital toes of the foot (ww. Digitales dorsales pedis) exit the venous plexuses of the fingers and flow into the posterior venous arch of the foot (arcus venosus dorsalis pedis).
The common iliac vein (v. Iliaca communis) is a large valveless vessel. It is formed at the level of the sacroiliac joint with the fusion of the internal and external iliac veins.
