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The cardiovascular system

Internal carotid artery

The internal carotid artery (a.carotis interna) supplies the brain and the organ of vision. The internal carotid artery is distinguished by cervical, stony, cavernous and cerebral parts. On the neck, this artery does not give branches.

External carotid artery

The external carotid artery (a.carotis externa) is one of the two terminal branches of the common carotid artery. It separates from the common carotid artery within the carotid triangle at the level of the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage.

Arteries of head and neck

The brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery, which carry blood to the head and neck, upper limbs, to the front wall of the chest and abdomen, consistently leave the arch of the aorta.

Aorta

The aorta (aorta) is the largest unpaired arterial vessel of the great circle of blood circulation. The aorta is divided into three sections: the ascending part of the aorta, the arch of the aorta and the descending part of the aorta, which in turn is divided into the thoracic and abdominal parts).

Pulmonary veins

From the capillaries of the lung, the venules begin, which merge into larger veins and in each lung form two pulmonary veins. Of the two right pulmonary veins, the larger diameter has an upper diameter, since blood flows from it on two parts of the right lung (upper and middle). Of the two left pulmonary veins, the lower vein has a larger diameter.

Pulmonary trunk and its branch

The pulmonary trunk (truncus pulmonalis) 30 mm in diameter emerges from the right ventricle of the heart, from which it is delimited by its valve. The beginning of the pulmonary trunk and, accordingly, its opening is projected onto the anterior thoracic wall above the site of attachment of cartilage III of the left rib to the sternum.

Pericardium

Pericardium (pericardium, pericardium) delimits the heart from neighboring organs, is a thin and dense, strong fibrous-serous sac, in which the heart is located.

Heart

The heart (cor) is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood into the arteries and receives venous blood. The heart is located in the thoracic cavity in the organs of the middle mediastinum.

Veins

Given the structure of the walls, there are two types of veins: the muscle and the muscle. The veins of the jawless type are the veins of the hard and soft meninges, the retina of the eye, bones, spleen and other organs of the immune system.

Microcirculatory bed

The arterial link of the vascular system is terminated by the vessels of the microcirculatory bed. In each organ according to its structure and functions, the vessels of the microcirculatory bed can have structural features and microtopography.

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