Salamol-Eco

Belonging to the group of beta 2 - selective adrenomimetics, Salamol-Eco (international name - salbutamol), is developed on the basis of the active substance salbutamol. Today, it is widely used in medicine to relieve asthma attacks.

If you or your loved one is suffering from bouts of bronchodilator spasms, in such a situation, to eliminate discomfort and bring the patient's body to normal will help
Salamol-Eco, a highly effective anti-asthmatic. It should only be remembered that you should not prescribe yourself this drug. This approach to the medical process is fraught with unforeseen negative complications. And having addressed to the qualified doctor, you receive not only consultation, statement of the correct diagnosis, but also the written treatment with observance of necessary recommendations. Only in this way can the patient's health deteriorate and receive an effective treatment result.

Indications Salamol-Eco

This drug has a rather narrow profile of application. Indications for the use of Salamol-Eco are reduced to such pathologies:

1. Emphysema of the lungs is a pathological condition of the lung tissue, which is characterized by its increased airiness due to the expansion of the alveoli, and also, destruction of the alveolar walls.
2. Coping of asthma attacks, including prolonged form.
3. Preventive measures to prevent such seizures.
4. Bronchospastic syndrome.
5. Bronchitis, a chronic form.

[1], [2]

Release form

Despite the fact that the medicine was developed directly for the removal of bronchospasm, the form of release is quite diverse:

1. This is the metered aerosol form for inhalation procedures.
2. Salamol - Eco in the form of a powder that fills the capsule. This form is used for inhalations. One capsule is one procedure.
3. Drug in a solution used for inhalation.

Dosage of different forms of release is somewhat different. For example, one dose of the aetosol form contains 0.124 mg of salbutamol sulfate, which corresponds to 0.1 mg of salbutamol converted to a dry product. There are also additional chemical compounds: 96% ethanol - 3.42 mg, as well as hydrofluoroalkane - 26.46 mg.

One bottle of the inhaler is calculated for approximately two hundred dosages of the drug. It is very convenient to use and equipped with a protective cap, which protects the metering nozzle from dust and other small objects. The bottle is placed in a cardboard package, which occupies a small volume and is easy to carry with people who suffer from sudden attacks of bronchial spasms.

Pharmacodynamics

Broncholytic drug, administered in therapeutic dosages, specifically activates the work of beta 2 -adrenoceptors localized in the respiratory system, and more specifically, in the bronchi. Pharmacodynamics Salamol-Eco allows stimulating effect on myometrium (muscular tissue of the uterus, covered from the inside by a layer of the endometrium), as well as on the circulatory system of man.

Due to the properties of the active substance of the drug, when applied, no significant effect on cardiac beta 1-adrenergic receptors was detected. Salbutamol inhibits the process of leukotrienes, histamine constituents and prostaglandin D2 (PgD2) from the mast cells of the human body. Other biologically active structures are also inhibited. At the same time, salbutamol is prolonged, showing its influence on the body for quite a long time.

Salamol-Eco effectively weakens both late and early hyperergies (the body's ability to respond with the same type of reaction to a variety of irritants) of the bronchi.

The active substance of the drug reduces the tissue resistance of the respiratory tract. There is an increase in the vital capacity of the lungs (ZHEL), characterized by the numerical value of the greatest amount of air that a person can breathe out after a maximum inhalation.

Nonspecific mechanism that provides local protection of the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs from external influences, including infection, in chronic bronchitis is 36%. This parameter in medicine is called mucociliary clearance.

Salamol-Eco activates the production of mucous secretions, stimulates the function of ciliated epithelium. There is a retardation of the release of inflammatory mediators (biologically active compounds secreted by nerve endings and causing the transfer of nerve impulses in synapses) from the mast cells. It stops the release of basophils, leads to antigen-dependent blocking of mucociliary transportation. Eliminates the release of the neutrophil chemotactic index.

Salamol-Eco reduces the level of presence of potassium ions (K ⁺ ) in the blood plasma. Has an effect on the procedure of glycogenolysis and the level of insulin production. But also at its reception the probability of occurrence of an acidosis arising against disturbance of acid-base balance increases.

When the recommended dosage is maintained, it does not adversely affect the operation of the cardiovascular system and does not provoke an increase in blood pressure. 

[3], [4], [5], [6]

Pharmacokinetics

After carrying out inhalation measures, the pharmacokinetics of Salamol-Eco shows a high rate of onset of therapeutic effectiveness. The first symptoms of relief of the patient are already beginning to be felt five minutes after inhalation. The peak positive result "comes" from half an hour to an hour and a half. This indicator depends on the individual characteristics of the patient's body, his age and his state of health (anamnesis). But still 75% of the effectiveness is already in the first five minutes. That is, the patient receives the fastest resuscitation assistance.

Drug remedy continues its positive effect for three to six hours.

In the procedure of irrigation with inhalation, up to fifteen percent of the active ingredient enters the respiratory system, the rest of the medicine enters the human digestive system.

The ninth part, which has been inhaled into the bronchi, is adsorbed. Salbutamol, which enters the pulmonary system, is not metabolized in it. Active active substance easily overcomes membranes and other natural biological barriers.

[7], [8], [9],

Dosing and administration

Depending on the age of the patient and the prescribed form of the medicine, the doctor describes the way of application and the dose of the drug.

For relief of asthma attacks, adolescents, whose age has crossed the line at 12 years and adult patients, salbutamol is prescribed in a dosage of 0.1 to 0.2 mg, which corresponds to one to two inhalation doses.

For preventive purposes, to prevent the occurrence of bronchospasm (with mild asthma, the drug is taken one to two doses one to four times during the day. Dosage and frequency of admission doctor treating determines individually for each patient. In the case of pathological changes of moderate severity, Salamol-Eco is given the same dosages, but in combination with other anti-asthmatic drugs.

If the patient suffers from asthmatic attacks of physical stress, then the drug is taken prophylactically for 20 - 30 minutes before the expected loads. At one time, one or two doses are recommended.

For small patients aged 2 to 12 years, with asthma attacks or for their prevention (if the spasm is caused by allergy or physical exertion), the attending physician prescribes a dosage of 0.1 to 0.2 mg, which corresponds to one to two doses .

The maximum allowable daily amount of salbutamol is recommended in an amount of 0.8 mg, which corresponds to eight dosages, but not more.

In order to obtain maximum efficiency from this procedure, it is necessary to fulfill a number of recommendations:

1. Before the first procedure it is necessary to check the functioning of the inhaler. Remove the protective cap from the bottle and make sure that the nozzle is not clogged with dirt and dust.
2. The inhaler should be placed in an upright position, holding the balloon with the hand so that the phalanx of the thumb holds its bottom, and the index finger is on top.
3. Before each procedure, the bottle must be shaken well.
4. Breathe in full breast and breathe as deeply as possible, the exhalation should go as if out of the stomach, but do not strain and squeeze.
5. The nozzle of the vial is clamped with lips.
6. At the same time, we begin deep, but slow (this is very important), inhale and pushing the index finger out of the tube one dose of medicine.
7. After that, the tube with the spray nozzle is taken out of the mouth, we tightly compress the lips and hold the breath for as long as the person can endure without inhaling. It is advisable to sustain at least ten seconds.
8. Slowly, without tension, exhale.
9. If it is necessary to obtain two dosages, it is recommended to stand for about a minute and repeat the procedure described above.
10. At the end of the inhalation, protect the spray nozzle with a protective cap, by placing it in its place.

To be sure that the procedure is carried out correctly, initially, it can be done in front of the mirror. If you see from the corners of the mouth or the top of the can of the vaporous substance, you should carefully read the instructions (you are doing something wrong) and try to do the whole procedure first.

That there were no problems with the work of the inhaler, it should be cleaned at least once a week.

1. It is necessary to remove the metal bottle from the inhalation device made of plastic.
2. Protective cap and case should be rinsed in slightly warm (but not hot) clean water. Do not put the metal part of the inhaler into the liquid.
3. Components of the inhaler should be dried well, do not use electric heating equipment.
4. Dry elements to collect, put the protective cap in place.

If Salamol-Eco is administered in the form of a powder, the inhalation procedure is carried out using a cyclohealer, a disk medical preparation for carrying out inhalation procedures.

In the case of relieving the symptoms of a bronchodilator attack, inhalation is done once. In the case of an attack, three to four procedures are performed throughout the day. A single dose is taken with a dosage of 0.2 to 0.4 mg. The amount of medication taken per day is from 0.8 to 1 mg. In case of therapeutic necessity, the amount of the drug taken can be raised to a dosage of 1.2 - 1.6 mg throughout the day.

If after the performed procedure the patient feels an unpleasant aftertaste in the oral cavity, and in the throat feel tickling sensations, then it is allowed to rinse the mouth with water.

In the event of a severe asthmatic attack, it becomes necessary to use nebulizers (in this case any design will do). The procedure is carried out for 5 - 15 minutes. The starting recommended dosage is 2.5 to 5 mg, taken four times throughout the day.

If the patient has the status of an asthmatic, a once-received quantitative medicine, if necessary, can be raised to 40 mg daily.

Attention! It should be remembered that the active active substance Salamol-Eco at frequent use can provoke an increase in the intensity of bronchial spasm, which can lead to sudden death of the patient. Referring to this, doctors recommend not to part with the methods, but to spread them and take them no more often than six hours later, or even more, after the previous preventive or therapeutic procedure.

To reduce this gap is allowed only in exceptional cases.
 

[16], [17], [18]

Use Salamol-Eco during pregnancy

The proper, repeatedly verified results relating to the intake of salbutamol by women during the period of gestation are absent. Therefore, the use of Salamol-Eco during pregnancy is not permissible. The exception may be the cases when the gain for the health of the mother (in the light of medical indicators) is substantially greater than the harm that the drug intake can bring to the fetus.

Since the active substance Salamol-Eco unhamperedly enters the mother's milk, the therapy conducted on the basis of this group of medicines during lactation is not allowed. Exceptions are cases where the clinical picture of the health of a young mother shows the vital need for their admission. For the duration of the drug course, it is recommended that the baby stop breastfeeding.

Contraindications

No matter how safe the developed drug was, but it has its own limitations in admission, which are necessarily indicated in the instructions attached to it. Has its own contraindications to the use of Salamol-Eco.

1. Increased intolerance of the components that make up the medicine.
2. Due to their pharmacodynamic properties, this medication is not assigned to small children and adolescents who have not yet reached the age of one and a half years.
3. With special caution should be approached to prescribe the drug, if the patient has a history:

• Violation of the heart rhythm, due to its high intensity.
• In the case of severe chronic heart failure.
• With arterial hypertension.
• In the case of thyrotoxicosis (increased functioning of the thyroid gland, in which the body is poisoned by an overabundance of hormones).
• The period of pregnancy and feeding a newborn baby with breast milk.

[10], [11], [12], [13]

Side effects Salamol-Eco

On the impact of drugs, every human body reacts in its own way. Long-term use can provoke side effects of Salamol-Eco. To such it is possible to carry:

Common symptoms:

1. Rapid heartbeat.
2. Pain symptomatology in the head.
3. A slight tremor of the extremities.
4. Deviations of psychological nature: feelings of anxiety, apathy, irritability and others.

Mildly occurring symptoms:

1. Coughing attacks.
2. Dizziness.
3. Sensation of dryness in the pharynx and oral cavity.
4. Irritation of the mucosa and the walls of the respiratory tract.
5. Disturbance of taste perception.

Individual symptoms:

1. Paradoxical spasm of the bronchi.
2. Nausea.
3. Bronchospasm, provoked by increased sensitivity of the patient's body to the component composition of the drug.
4. Dermatological abnormalities.
5. Muscle cramps.
6. The reaction of the body is allergic, up to the angioedema.
7. Redness of the facial skin.
8. Discomfort, accompanied by pain in the sternum.
9. Heart rate failure.
10. The appearance of an emetic reflex.

[14], [15]

Overdose

In case of exceeding the recommended rate of use of the medicinal product, or in connection with the individual characteristics of the patient's organism, an overdose of the drug may occur.

It is often enough to observe such symptoms of "toxic poisoning":

• Hyperglycemia is a condition of the body when too high a level of sugar in the blood is ascertained.
• Nausea, which can cause vomiting attacks.
• A sharp drop in blood pressure.
• Hypokalemia - a decrease in the potassium concentration in the plasma below 3.5 meq per liter.
• Tachycardia - an increase in heart rate above 90 beats per minute.
• Lactic acidosis is a condition of the patient's body, which deteriorates with carbohydrate loading and improves with fat loading and carbohydrate removal
• Tremor of muscles.

This symptomatology is more rarely observed:

• Hypercalcemia - excess of the amount of calcium in the serum or blood plasma more than 2.5 mmol per liter.
• Increased excitability of the patient.
• Leukocytosis - a high number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood.
• Hypofosfatemia is the excess of the phosphate in the blood.
• Alkalosis (imbalance of acid-base balance) is respiratory.

Single cases are recorded:

• Paranoid manifestations.
• Hallucinations.
• Tachyarrhythmia is an intensified heartbeat with a malfunction of the heart rhythm.
• Muscle cramps.

Therapy of these manifestations is symptomatic.

[19], [20]

Interactions with other drugs

When appointing any medication, especially if it is prescribed in the protocol of treatment therapy not as a mono drug, but as a unit of complex treatment, a specialist should know the result and peculiarities of the interaction of Salamol-Eco with other drugs. Ignorance of the results of joint administration of a different combination of drugs can lead to irreversible pathological consequences.

The intake of salbutamol along with drugs that activate the central nervous system, increases the effect of the latter, and can cause attacks of tachycardia. Parallel injection of Salamol-Eco and cardiac glycosides provokes a disturbance of the heart rhythm characterized by extraordinary contractions of the entire heart or its individual parts (extrasystole).

Salbutamol is a pharmacological antagonist of nonselective beta-blockers. This fact should be considered even in the case of appointment with Salamol-Eco eye drops based on beta-adorenoblokatorov.

Simultaneous reception of xanthines (drugs that reduce the effect of hypnotics and general anesthetics, intensifying the effect of analgesics and antipyretics) and the drug in question leads to an increased risk of tachyarrhythmia.

Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (slowing their action) and antidepressants of the tricyclic group strengthen the pharmacodynamic characteristics of Salamol-Eco, and they are also capable of provoking a sharp fall in blood pressure.

The joint administration of anticholinergic drugs and the drug in question may result in an increase in intraocular pressure. Introduce diuretics and glucocorticosteroids (UCS) increases the hypokalemic characteristics of the drug in question.
 

Storage conditions

When buying any medicine, you first need to know the storage conditions of Salamol-Eco. If all the recommendations given in the medication attached to the medication have been sustained, you can be sure that the degree of effectiveness of the drug will remain at a high pharmacological level, which will be maintained throughout the validity period indicated on the package.

There are several points of recommendation:

1. Storage of medicinal product in a cool place, where the room temperature does not exceed + 30 ° С. But this product must be protected from freezing.
2. Keep Salamol-Eco in a place inaccessible to direct sunlight.
3. The medicine should not be available to small children.

[21]

Shelf life

Any pharmacological preparation is produced by the manufacturer company with its time period of effective work. This expiration date should be reflected on the packaging material of the medicinal product. There, the date of production, as well as the recommended end time of the effective effect of the drug, must be reflected on the packaging. For Salamol-Eco this period is three years. If the end date on the package has passed, such a drug is not recommended to be used both in the process of therapy, and as a means for preventive measures.

[22], [23], [24]