Oxygen

Oxygen is a medicinal product that is used to eliminate pain syndrome of mild and moderate intensity. It can have different origins and localizations. It is produced in tablets that have a film membrane.

The main substances that act in the composition of Oxygen are nimesulide and dicyclomine. They provide anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antispasmodic action of the drug.

Oxygen is prescribed exclusively by a doctor. In this case, children under the age of twelve, pregnant and lactating, are not strictly recommended. Also, Do not use Oksigan for women who are about to become pregnant in the near future.

Oxygen is consumed from 1 to 3 days, only 1-2 tablets per day. The amount depends on how bad the patient's condition is. The tablet is washed down with plenty of water immediately after eating.

Store the drug for up to 3 years at a constant temperature below 25 degrees Celsius in a dark place that is inaccessible to children.

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Indications Oxygen

Oxygen is used in the presence of pain syndromes of medium and light intensity of different origin. It can be infectious and inflammatory diseases, trauma and damage, gastrointestinal or gynecological irritations and so on. A particularly effective drug is in the treatment of pain syndromes, which are associated with a spasm of smooth bowel muscles, also called irritable bowel syndrome.

Indications for use Oksigan provide that the drug has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and spasmolytic effects. It is intended primarily for symptomatic treatment. The drug can be used only after the appointment of a doctor. 

[2], [3], [4], [5]

Release form

Oxygen is produced in tablets, which are film-coated. Tablets are only yellow and small in size, round dvukuklu form, which contributes to their easy swallowing. They also have a strip on one side. This drug is sold in a paper envelope. In the package there is only one blister, in which there are four tablets. Such a small amount is explained by the fact that four tablets are sufficient in the event that one person needs to drink one course of this medication. The form of the drug Oksigan is optimal for its manufacture, transportation, storage, as well as subsequent use. 

[6], [7], [8]

Pharmacodynamics

Oxygen is a combination drug. Therefore, the pharmacodynamics of Oxygen and its effect is due to the action of those active components that it includes. Oxygen has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antispasmodic effects.

One of the main active ingredients is nimesulide. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It provides all of the above actions of the drug, except for spasmolytic. It slows down those processes in the body that affect the formation of the pain syndrome itself. It also prevents further degradation of the cartilaginous tissue. All this provides a complex effect of the drug, which allows nimesulid not only reduce pain, but also increase the mobility of affected joints, and slow the development of osteoarthritis.

Dicyclomine is the second active substance of the medicine Oxigan. It reduces the spasms of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, due to direct effects on them. It also has weak anticholinergic effects, which can cause various side effects: from blurred vision to dizziness. 

[9], [10], [11],

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics is associated with the active substances of the drug. Nimesulide is rapidly absorbed into the digestive system. Can reduce the speed of this suction can the food. But it does not reduce the degree of absorption. In this case, after 1-3 hours after a single dose of 100 milligrams of the substance, its concentration in the blood plasma is reached at the maximum level. If you use Oksigan twice a day for 100 milligrams for 7 days, then its level in the blood plasma will not differ from the level for a one-time admission.

The half-life of this substance is from 3.2 to 6 hours. Nimesulide is excreted in the urine in an amount of about 50% of the total dose of the drug taken. Only 1-3% of the substance is displayed in its original form. Another 29% percent goes after the whole chain of digestion along with feces. However, in older people, the kinetic profile of nimesulide does not change. Even moderately expressed renal failure does not affect the results of Oxygen administration.

Dicyclomine is absorbed after use. At the same time, peak concentrations reach 60-90 minutes after use. 79.5% of the dose of the substance is excreted in the urine. A 8.4% - with feces. Dicyclomine itself is intensively distributed in tissues.

[12], [13], [14]

Dosing and administration

The drug is prescribed only to adults, children do not use it at all. But the way of application and dose depends on the severity of the course of the disease. It is possible to take 1 tablet after meals 1-2 times a day during the entire treatment time. The maximum dose per day is 2 tablets. The minimum is 1 tablet. Duration of treatment is from 1 to 3 days, depending on the intensity of this treatment and the disease itself. The number of tablets per day and the duration of treatment is prescribed exclusively by the attending physician.

Apply the drug immediately after breakfast and dinner, if the doctor has appointed two tablets a day. If one tablet is used per day, it can be consumed after any meal. The main thing - every day at about the same time, to ensure the constant presence of active substances in the body for the entire period of treatment. In this case, the tablet should not be chewed. It should be swallowed whole and washed down with enough water, which will allow it to act quickly. After this, it should be some time to refrain from taking any food. Usually one or several hours are enough for the drug to act. Then you can eat and drink again. 

[19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24]

Use Oxygen during pregnancy

The drug can adversely affect female fertility, so it is not recommended to take it to women who plan to become pregnant in the near future. In addition, it should not be used if a woman undergoes an infertile examination, because this can distort the results.

As for the pregnancy itself, the use of the drug can provoke premature closure of the arterial duct, oligohydria, oliguria. It also increases the possibility of developing uterine weakness, bleeding and peripheral tumors. This can adversely affect the process of pregnancy and significantly complicate it, as well as future births.

The use of oxigen during pregnancy, especially at its end, is sometimes the cause of kidney failure in the newborn. For all these reasons, use the drug during pregnancy is contraindicated.

Also, doctors do not recommend doing this while the newborn is breast-feeding. The fact that one of the substances Oksigana - dicyclomin - penetrates directly into breast milk. And this can negatively affect the health of the baby, because the drug can not be administered to children at all. 

Contraindications

Apply Oxigan is not recommended, especially for children, if their age is less than twelve years. In addition, it is not prescribed during pregnancy and during lactation.

But the contraindications to the use of Oxygen are much broader. For example, it should also not be used when hypersensitivity to any of the components that it contains. Especially to dicyclomine or nimesulide. After all, in this case, the drug not only does not work, but it can also cause an allergic reaction that will significantly worsen the patient's condition and cause the current treatment to be suspended.

Also, some health problems should be the reason for refusing medication. Among them, renal or hepatic insufficiency, bleeding, ulcerative colitis, glaucoma, dehydration, myasthenia gravis, obstructive uropathy or digestive tract disease, peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis, prostate hypertrophy or even suspicion of it. Also, if there is a laryngeal edema, bronchospasm or polyps from the use of Oxygen should be discarded in order not to aggravate the symptoms and diseases. Before starting the use of the medicine, all these cases should be deleted.

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Side effects Oxygen

Oksigan has a large list of possible adverse reactions that are associated with the presence of certain substances in it.

Nimesulide can cause diseases from different systems and organs. For example, anemia, eosinophilia, pancytopenia and some other diseases of the blood. From the immune system - it's anaphylaxis and increased sensitivity. There may also be problems with metabolism. It is not excluded and such mental disorders as nightmares, nervousness, anxiety and even confusion. To problems with the nervous system include the occurrence of drowsiness, headache, dizziness and Reye's syndrome. Possible and blurred vision. As for the cardiovascular system, bleeding, arterial hypertension, tachycardia and problems with arterial pressure in general can occur here. Respiratory organs can suffer as a result of the occurrence of bronchial asthma, bronchospasm and dyspnoea. In addition, problems can occur with the skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, urinary tract, hepatobiliary system.

Side effects of Oxigan are also associated with the presence of dicyclomine hydrochloride. It can cause disturbances in the digestive tract, the central nervous system, the organs of vision, the genitourinary system, the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system. Also it is allergic manifestations. For example, on the skin. In addition, sometimes there are general reactions, such as reducing sweating, nasal congestion, impotence, sneezing and so on. 

[16], [17], [18]

Overdose

When an overdose of Oksigan occurs dryness of mucous membranes and skin, nausea, vomiting. The head may be aching or dizzy, urine retention, central nervous system agitation and even lethargy can be observed. But you can get rid of all these symptoms if you notice them and hold supportive therapy in time. More serious consequences are gastrointestinal bleeding, acute renal failure, anaphylactic reactions, breathing problems and coma.

If there is an overdose of dicycloverine, the symptoms will appear in two phases. First, there will be excitation of the central nervous system. It can be determined by the occurrence of anxiety, the appearance of hallucinations or illusions, hypertension and tachycardia. But the second phase is the depression of the central nervous system. If you do not intervene in time, you may have a coma.

To get rid of the symptoms of an overdose it is possible with the help of symptomatic treatment. But there is no specific antidote.

If you notice these symptoms, it is important to rinse the stomach, apply a toned osmotic-type product along with activated charcoal. Immediately after this, you should consult a doctor so that he regularly monitors the kidneys and liver, as further treatment depends on their condition. 

[25], [26], [27], [28],

Interactions with other drugs

Oxygen can not be used with all medicines. Using with it funds that contain acetylsalicylic acid, warfarin and similar anticoagulants, can provoke the development of bleeding. Also contained in the composition of Oxygana nimesulide causes an increased risk of side effects when applied with hydantone. Do not use other anticholinergic agents at the same time as Oxygen.

 If furosemide is used together with Oxygen, then one should be especially cautious of those who have impaired renal and cardiac function. Even in a healthy person, nimesulide reduces the effect of furosemide on the excretion of sodium, potassium, and reduces diuresis.

The interaction of Oxigan with other drugs is also different. For example, its simultaneous use with lithium leads to the fact that the concentration of the latter in blood plasma significantly increases. Also, the toxicity of lithium is increasing. Therefore, it is important to monitor it regularly. A concentration of drugs with the enzyme CYP 2C9 in blood plasma when used with Oxygen may increase. The same thing happens with methotrexate, the concentration of which increases in serum and leads to its toxicity. 

[29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34],

Storage conditions

Oxygen should be stored at a stable temperature of up to 25 degrees Celsius. It is desirable that the storage location be dry and well protected from direct sunlight hits in particular and any light in general. Perfectly suitable for all kinds of lockers and closable boxes for medicines, located in living rooms or a corridor. Do not leave the drug in the bathroom or in the kitchen, where air humidity and temperature can exceed the permissible values.

Oxygen storage conditions also stipulate that the drug should lie in a place that is completely inaccessible to children of any age. 

[35], [36], [37]

Special instructions

In therapeutic doses, Oxygen should not be used for more than three days to reduce the risk of any side effects. After treatment, discontinue even if the patient's condition does not improve.

Cancel Oxigan should be if the patient has symptoms that indicate liver damage. This is nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, or even dark urine. Also, the drug is canceled if the results of functional liver samples are increased.

During the use of the drug, it is important to avoid simultaneous treatment with hepatotoxic drugs, analgesics and are loved by other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition, you can not drink alcoholic beverages in any form.

Special instructions for the use of Oxygana apply to the possibility of various side effects. At any time, gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers may occur. If this happens, the drug is immediately canceled.

With extreme caution, Oxigen should be used by patients with hepatic, cardiac insufficiency, haemorrhagic diathesis, gastrointestinal tract diseases.

It is important to remember that the use of the drug can mask the rise in body temperature, which is caused by a background bacterial infection. And at a high temperature, even a heat stroke can develop during Oxygen's application. 

Shelf life

It is possible to store the medicine under the appropriate conditions for up to three years. All this time he will retain all his healing properties. This means that its application will be effective both at the beginning and at the end of this period. In this case, it should be taken into account the fact that the shelf life of Oxygen can decrease when stored in unfavorable conditions. That is, if the storage conditions are violated. Also it should be remembered that the expiry date starts from the date of release, and not from the moment of its acquisition in the pharmacy. Find the production date can usually be directly on the packaging, where it is for this purpose and specifies the manufacturer. 

[38], [39], [40]