Bactrim

Bactrim belongs to the number of antimicrobial drugs that have bactericidal action. Thus, the agent causes the death of pathogens of various infectious diseases. And he can get rid of even those phenomena that have increased resistance to sulfonamides. When Bactrim is ingested, it is rapidly absorbed, the effect of its action lasts about 13 hours. Therefore, it is often not necessary to use a remedy. This can provoke an increase in the dose of the drug in the blood in half.

[1]

Indications of the bactrima

The main indications for the use of Bactrim are the treatment of any infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. The medicine is able to cope with bronchitis, purulent pleurisy, lung abscess, pneumonia and other phenomena. The drug is widely used in infectious diseases of the genitourinary tract. So, he struggles with cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis and other phenomena.

If it is necessary to treat the gastrointestinal tract, or rather the elimination of infections located there, it is worth taking this medicine. It eliminates dysentery, typhoid, enterocolitis and other diseases.

The agent is also used for surgical infections, meningitis, gonorrhea, infected wounds and other phenomena that were caused by drug-sensitive pathogens.

Bactrim is used only with the consent of the doctor. In some cases, one of these medicines is enough to completely recover. It should be noted that the sensitivity of bacteria to this medicine depends on the locality where the person is. This indicator is one of the most important. After all, if you do not take it into account, you can not get relief from the use of medication. All this requires a doctor's consultation. Only he can allow the reception of Bactrim and prescribe the necessary dose. 

[2], [3],

Release form

Perhaps, this is not the only medication that has such a "broad" form of release. So, Bactrim is a combined medicine, it contains many active ingredients. Among them were sulfamethoxazole and trimetaprim. The ratio of these substances is 5: 1.

The product is available in various dosage forms. These can be tablets for adults with a high content of sulfamethoxazole (0.4 g) and trimetaprim (0.08 g). One package contains 20 tablets.

 There is a dosage form for children. Naturally, the content of active substances here is much less. So, in one tablet there are 0.1 g of sulfamethoxazole and 0.02 g of trimetaprim. The package contains 20 tablets.

You can find the medicine in the form of a suspension in syrup, which is located in 100 ml boxes. So, the package contains 20 small ampoules of 5 ml each. One teaspoon of the drug contains 0, 2 g of sulfamethoxazole and 0.04 g of trimetaprim. There is a suspension and a smaller package, 50 ml each. In what form to take Bactrim solves the attending physician. 

[4], [5]

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics of Bactrim shows that it contains two active components: sulfamethoxazole and trimetaprim. The drug has a powerful bactericidal effect against streptococci, gonococci, staphylococci, pertussis, chlamydia and other bacteria.

Increased resistance to the drug manifest coryneform bacteria germs of tuberculosis and viruses. The effect of the drug lasts for 7 hours. The composition of sulfamethoxazole is similar to PABC. It is able to disrupt synthesis with dihydrofolic acid and prevent the incorporation of PABA into its molecule.

Trimetaprim in turn significantly enhances the effect of the first component. Thereby, the reduction of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid is disturbed. The latter form is responsible for the protein metabolism and division of the microbial cell.

Bactrim is a broad-based medicine. It is active against many bacteria. The drug significantly inhibits the vital activity of E. Coli. This leads to a decrease in the synthesis of thymine, nicotinic acid and other vitamins in the human intestine. 

[6], [7], [8]

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of Bactrim are very peculiar. Absorption occurs quickly and almost completely. The medicine penetrates into the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. If the intake was a single dose, then 1.5-3 m g / l of agent appears in the blood plasma. When a person systematically takes this drug, its concentration in the blood reaches 1.3-2.8 m g / ml.

The distribution of TMP is approximately 130 ml, and SMZ is about 20 ml. The latter phenomenon is associated with plasma proteins. The fact is that TMP is several times better than SMZ. It can penetrate into the non-inflamed prostate tissue, the secret of the vagina, healthy and inflamed tissue, saliva, seminal fluid, etc. If we talk about cerebrospinal fluid, then both components penetrate equally.

A large number of TPMs come from the bloodstream in body fluids. In this case, it is worth considering the fact that their concentration significantly exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentrations for most pathogenic microorganisms.

TMP and SMZ in humans can be found in the placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal tissues. This suggests that the two components are fully capable of penetrating the placental barrier. Both substances are excreted in breast milk.

Practically 70% of the received dose of TMP is withdrawn in an unchanged quantity. SMS is metabolized in the liver. The period for which the component is completely eliminated from the body is 10 hours. People, senile age with liver problems, have their own characteristics. They require a dose adjustment for Bactrim, because the half-life is much longer.

[9], [10], [11], [12]

Dosing and administration

Such an important moment as the way of application and the dose of Bactrim is decided by the attending physician. Anything can be indicated in the instruction. Simply put, so are written standard reception options. But it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the body, the state of a person, the tolerability of certain components. All this suggests that the dose should be adjusted separately for each case.

The daily dosage of the drug should not exceed 4 tablets. If it is a question of syrup, then no more than 8 spoonfuls. Suspension is often given to children under the age of 12, so it is quickly absorbed and gives quick relief. True, the dosage is somewhat different. The child should take half the measuring spoon twice a day. But this applies only to newborn babies up to 5 months. Starting at the age of five, the dose is increased to two measuring spoons twice a day.

The course of treatment of the drug is from 5 days to 2 weeks. But all this is purely individual. Much depends on the infection itself, and the condition of a person. If the problem is chronic, then the duration of treatment is much greater. A dose of Bactrim is also amenable to correction. 

[15], [16], [17], [18]

Use of the bactrima during pregnancy

Is it possible to use Bactrim during pregnancy? Experiments that have been conducted on animals suggest that large doses of the drug can lead to malformations of the fetus. This is a typical condition in the case of folic acid deficiency.

According to the survey, there were no individual reports of fetal malformations in women. Taking medication, apparently, does not involve a significant risk of teratogenicity for a person. After all, TMP and SMZ are able to penetrate the placental barrier. Thus, they can affect the metabolism of folic acid, which occurs during pregnancy.

The medicine is prescribed only in those cases, if the expected benefit from its use can exceed the risk placed on the fetus. Pregnant women who are recommended to take this medicine are prescribed 5-10 mg of folic acid additionally.

In later terms, use the product is prohibited. There is a risk of developing nuclear jaundice and in newborns. TMP and SMZ can penetrate into breast milk. Therefore, during the period of feeding the child, it is by no means possible to take the remedy. Use Bactrim is possible only with the permission of the doctor. 

Contraindications

Individual intolerance of the drug component, kidney disease and other problems is the very contraindication to the use of Bactrim. Many people suffer from special immunity to sulfanamide drugs. It is not recommended to use the remedy for diseases of the kidneys, liver and circulatory system.

You can not use medicines for pregnant women, because this can negatively affect the development of the fetus and lead to problems later. Preterm and newborn babies are also at risk. With extreme caution, the remedy is applied to infants at an early age.

Do not use the product with novocaine, folic acid, anesthetics, furadonin and other substances. Diuretics are also incompatible with this medication. Acids can increase the risk of complications.

All this suggests that you can use the drug only with the permission of the doctor. Bactrim has a strong effect on the body and can worsen the situation. 

[13], [14]

Side effects of the bactrima

Depending on the individual characteristics of the organism, side effects of Bactrim may develop. The first thing that happens is the urinary system. Jade can develop, an increase in the concentration of urea, polyuria, crystalluria and other phenomena.

On the part of the respiratory system, bronchospasm, dizziness and headache. The musculoskeletal system manifests itself in the form of arthralgia and myalgia. In some cases, development of depression, meningitis, neuritis, apathy and tremor is possible. On the part of the digestive system, abdominal pain, gastritis, worsening of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatitis and other phenomena occur.

Development of hypoglycemia and allergic reactions is not ruled out. And the latter phenomenon can have a different degree of severity. Side effects are quite a lot, but if you take the remedy exactly as prescribed by the doctor, then there is nothing to worry about. Only the presence of some problems and an independent increase in the dose can lead to the development of undesirable phenomena. Therefore, taking Bactrim should be supervised. 

Overdose

 If you misuse the drug, then it is possible and overdose Bactrim. The main symptoms of this phenomenon are nausea, vomiting, headache and drowsiness. In some cases, the development of depression is possible. Fainting, confusion, visual impairment and fever are also among the main symptoms of drug overdose.

There may be more serious phenomena. These include thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia and jaundice. This occurs with a prolonged overdose. Simply put, if the dose constantly increased independently and the body did not react to it at all.

Getting rid of simple unpleasant phenomena is not so difficult. It is simple to do a gastric lavage. It is necessary to acidify urine, this can provoke a rapid excretion of trimetaprim. To do this, drink the appropriate liquid. If necessary, hemodialysis is performed.

All the above-described troubles can develop as a result of an independent increase in the dose or intolerance of certain components of the drug. Therefore, Bactrim is used under the supervision of a doctor. 

[19]

Interactions with other drugs

This drug has interactions with other drugs, but this is done with extreme caution. Pharmaceutically, the drug is compatible with levulose, sodium chloride, dextran, dextrose and Ringer's solution.

The drug is able to increase the anticoagulant activity of indirect anticoagulants. In addition, it increases the effect of hypoglycemic drugs and methotrexate. Significantly decreases the intensity of hepatic metabolism of phenytoin and warfarin. Their overall effect is increasing.

Possible decrease in the reliability of oral contraception. This is because under the influence of the drug, the intestinal microflora is inhibited and the intestinal-hepatic circulation of hormonal compounds decreases.

If you take the drug along with pyrimethamine in elevated doses, this can trigger the development of megaloblastic anemia. Diuretics can increase the risk of thrombocytopenia. Significantly reduced the effect of taking procaine, procainamide and benzocaine. Phenytoin can provoke a deficiency of folic acid.

Derivatives of salicylic acid are able to enhance the effect of the drug. Kolestiramin reduces absorption, so it is recommended to take it an hour after co-trimoxazole. Using Bactrim, you should consider all of the above and consult with your doctor. 

[20], [21]

Storage conditions

On what do the storage conditions of Bactrim depend? In this case, an important role is played by the temperature regime. So, it should not exceed the mark of 30 degrees of heat, it is not recommended to freeze the remedy, but if there is such a need, then after the defrost it should be applied immediately.

In addition to the temperature regime, storage space plays an important role. It must be protected from direct sunlight. It is important that there was no dampness there either. A dry, warm and dark place is an excellent opportunity to maintain the positive properties of the medicine for a long time.

It is necessary to protect the drug and the attention of children. After all, they can break a bottle, get hurt or drink its contents. All this can lead to serious health problems. It is desirable to follow and the appearance of tablets and suspensions. If they change their color, then most likely the storage conditions were not met correctly. Take this remedy is not recommended. Only the right conditions can preserve all the useful properties of the Bactrim drug. 

[22], [23]

Shelf life

Shelf life is another important indicator. So, basically many drugs have a long period of operation. Bactrim can be stored for 5 years.

But a long shelf life in many cases is negligible. To the drug served as much as indicated on the package, you will have to create all the necessary conditions. So, you need to exclude direct sunlight and remove the dampness. Two of these negative indicators can reduce the shelf life of the drug several times.

It is worth watching for the appearance of tablets. The blister in which they are located should not be damaged. The color of the syrup does not change color in time. If this happens, it is prohibited to use it. This can lead to serious problems.

You need to watch for the packaging itself. The slightest damage can reduce the shelf life of the drug. In order not to harm the children and keep the medicine for a long time, it will have to be taken away. Babies should not have access to the drug. Observance of all these conditions guarantees that Bactrim will last for 5 years.