Amigrenin

Amigrenine (sumatriptan succinate) is a medicine used to treat acute migraine attacks. Sumatriptan, the main active ingredient in Amigrenine, is a serotonin receptor agonist (5-NT1) that narrows dilated blood vessels in the brain and blocks pain nerve signals. This helps reduce the intensity of pain associated with a migraine attack, as well as related symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Amigrenine is available in different forms to take: tablets, sublingual tablets, nasal spray or injections. This drug is usually used at the beginning of a migraine, when the first signs appear, in order to achieve the best effect. However, it is important to remember that the use of Amigrenine should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor, who will determine the optimal dosage and scheme of application depending on the individual characteristics of the patient and the nature of the migraine.

Indications Amygrenina

1. Acute migraine attacks with or without aura.
2. Reduction in the intensity of pain associated with a migraine attack.
3. Reduction of associated migraine symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, photo and sound sensitivity.

Release form

1. Tablets for oral administration:

   • Tablets usually contain 50 mg or 100 mg of sumatriptan. They are taken during the onset of a migraine attack as needed. The effect of the tablets starts to appear 30 minutes after taking them.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of amigrenine (sumatriptan succinate) relate to its ability to narrow dilated blood vessels in the brain, which helps reduce migraine symptoms.

Sumatriptan's primary mechanism of action is through its action on vascular serotonin receptors (5-NT1B/1D) in the brain. When sumatriptan binds to these receptors, it leads to the narrowing of dilated blood vessels, which are one of the main causes of migraine pain.

In addition, sumatriptan also has some anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce the activity of some pain mediators in the brain.

The effectiveness of amigrenine is usually demonstrated by a reduction in pain intensity, sensitivity to light and sound, and a reduction in associated symptoms such as nausea and vomiting associated with migraine attacks.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: Sumatriptan is usually rapidly and completely absorbed after subcutaneous or intravenous administration.
2. Distribution: It is well distributed throughout the body and penetrates the blood-brain barrier, reaching serotonin receptors in the brain.
3. Metabolism: Sumatriptan is metabolized in liver with formation of several active and inactive metabolites. The main one is indole acetic acid.
4. Excretion: Sumatriptan is mainly excreted through the kidneys in the form of metabolites, and also in insignificant amount - with bile.
5. Semi-disposition: Sumatriptan's eliminationhalf-life from the body is about 2 hours.

Dosing and administration

Tablets and sublingual tablets: Take the tablet whole with a small amount of water. The dosage is usually 50-100 mg. Some patients may require a second dose after 2 hours if the first dose did not provide adequate relief. However, do not exceed the maximum daily dose recommended by your doctor.

Use Amygrenina during pregnancy

Sumatriptan use during pregnancy is generally not recommended, especially in the first trimester, when fetal organogenesis is most active. Sumatriptan can penetrate the placenta and affect the developing fetus, which may lead to potential congenital anomalies.

However, in some cases, when the benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus, the doctor may decide to prescribe sumatriptan during pregnancy. This may be particularly relevant in cases of severe migraine when other treatments are ineffective or unavailable.

Contraindications

1. Cardiovascular diseases: The drug is contraindicated in ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, angina, transient ischemic attacks, myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases.
2. Renal insufficiency: Amigrenine should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, as the metabolism of the drug may slow down, which may lead to accumulation of the active substance in the body.
3. Liverfailure: Patients with impaired liver function should also use Amigrenin with caution due to possible slowing of drug metabolism.
4. Hypersensitivity to sumatriptan or other ingredients of thedrug: People with known hypersensitivity to sumatriptan or other ingredients of Amigrenine should refrain from its use.
5. Combination with other drugs: Amigrenine is not recommended to be used concomitantly with drugs containing ergotamine or its derivatives, as well as with drugs of the series of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
6. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: It is important to consult a doctor before using Amigrenine during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as the safety of the drug in these cases has not been established.
7. Pediatric age: Data on the use of Amigrenine in children and adolescents are limited, therefore use in this category of patients should be especially cautious and under the supervision of a physician.

Side effects Amygrenina

1. Burning sensation, numbness or warmth: These symptoms can occur in the skin of the face, neck or extremities. They usually go away on their own, but in rare cases, medical advice may be needed.
2. Headache: Some patients may experience mild to moderate headache after taking Amigrenine.
3. Fatigue: Fatigue or drowsiness may also be one of the side effects of using this medication.
4. Muscle pain or weakness: Some patients may experience muscle pain or weakness after taking Amigrenine.
5. Changes in blood pressure: Some patients may experience changes in blood pressure after use of the drug.
6. Rare side effects: In rare cases, allergic reactions such as hives, itching, swelling or even anaphylaxis may occur.

Overdose

1. Increased side effects: This may include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, and other symptoms characteristic of a normal reaction to the drug but intensified and more severe.
2. Vasoconstriction: Because sumatriptan constricts blood vessels, excessive use can lead to excessive vasoconstriction, which can be dangerous for those who suffer from cardiovascular disease.
3. Serious cardiac complications: In case of an overdose of sumatriptan, it is possible to increase cardiac workload, which may cause cardiac arrhythmias or even myocardial infarction.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Serotonin-enhancing drugs: Combined use of sumatriptan with other drugs that increase serotonin levels in the body, such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants), may increase the risk of serotonin excess syndrome.
2. QT interval prolonging drugs: Sumatriptan may increase the risk of arrhythmias, especially torsades de pointes, when used concomitantly with QT interval prolonging drugs such as antiarrhythmic drugs or certain antibiotics.
3. Antifungal drugs: The use of sumatriptan with azole antifungal drugs such as ketoconazole or itraconazole may increase the blood concentration of sumatriptan, which may increase its toxic effects.
4. Drugs that inhibit liver enzymes: Liver enzyme inhibitors (e.g. Cimetidine or ritonavir) may increase the blood concentration of sumatriptan, which requires careful monitoring for possible side effects.
5. Drugs that increase blood pressure: Sumatriptan may increase blood pressure, so it should be used with caution in patients taking antihypertensive drugs or other drugs that may increase blood pressure.