Fenibut

Phenibut is a nootropic psychostimulant. It also has an anxiolytic effect.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Indications of the fenibuta

Applies to the following violations:

• impairment of mental activity;
• the weakening of emotional activity;
• memory problems;
• signs of development of asthenia;
• disturbing violations;
• the appearance of fears, including nightmares;
• a feeling of anxiety and severe anxiety;
• weakening of mindfulness;
• development of insomnia;
• alcoholism, and in addition disorders of psychopathological, as well as somato-vegetative nature, which develop against a background of alcohol abstinence (the drug is combined with other medical procedures);
• padalexia;
• the occurrence of vertigo that is associated with vestibular dysfunction caused by diseases in the vascular system, and in addition infections or trauma;
• for the prevention of development of motion sickness caused by kinetosis;
• development of osteochondrosis in the thoracic or cervical vertebral part, as well as female climacteric disorders (the drug is used in combination with other medical measures);
• urinary incontinence, stammering, and in addition to this, tics and the state of hyperactivity in children.

The use of tablets in combination with other detoxification drugs is also carried out to eliminate the state of alcohol withdrawal in combination with delirium, and in addition, with alcoholic intoxication, which has a pre-diligent character.

In addition, Phenibut is used to prevent stress, often observed in patients in the period before surgery or a painful diagnostic procedure.

[7]

Release form

The release occurs in tablets, in an amount of 10 pieces inside the blister. In the package - 1 or 2 blister plates.

[8]

Pharmacodynamics

Acting as a nootropic remedy, Fenibut positively affects the higher integrative cerebrospinal activity. The drug helps to improve mental function, stimulates the memory work and cognitive activity of the brain. Together with this, it strengthens the brain stability with respect to the action of various negative factors, including oxygen starvation, as well as extremely high loads.

The medicine reduces the severity of the consequences of serious disorders arising from strokes, TBI, spinal cord injuries, cerebrospinal intoxication, and so on.

In people who have previously suffered severe head injury, with the use of drugs, the number of mitochondria inside the perifocal area increases, and in addition, the dynamics of processes that occur inside the brain, such as respiration of tissues, blood supply and brain use of glucose, and besides this energy activity, improve.

At the same time, the medicine helps to strengthen cortico-subcortical connections - the connection of the cerebral cortex with its subcortical divisions.

Phenibut has the following therapeutic effects:

• corrects the higher cortical activity, which is broken due to cerebrospinal lesions of a local nature;
• increases the level of mental judgment and improves the development of critical capabilities;
• increases cortical control over the functioning of subcortical areas;
• affects the activity of processes that are associated with the work of memory (memories and memorization, and in addition learningability);
• increases the duration of the waking period, eliminates depression or obscuration of consciousness, maximally clarifying it;
• increases the general resistance of the body to the effect of various stress factors;
• causes an anti-asthenic effect, manifested in a decrease in weakness and lethargy, and in addition to eliminating signs of asthenia of a physical and mental nature, etc .;
• has a stimulating effect on mental activity (the drug reduces the severity of inhibition of the psyche, increases volitional activity, and at the same time promotes increased speech and motor function, etc.);
• has antidepressant properties;
• performs tranquilizing, as well as sedative effects, weakening emotional excitability with irritability.

The stimulating effect of tablets does not lead to an increase in motor or speech excitement, the patient's addiction to the drug, followed by the appearance of addiction, and in addition to depletion of body activity reserves.

Like the other nootropics, the drug has a weak toxicity, a high degree of compatibility with substances from other medicinal groups, and at the same time, the absence of serious side-effects and complications.

The drug effect from the use of drugs in most cases gradually develops over several weeks. Because of this, it is recommended to appoint for admission to long-term courses.

The anxiolytic effect of the drug is manifested by a decrease in the excitability of the subcortical structures located inside the brain (this includes the thalamus with the hypothalamus, and in addition the limbic structures) that form the development of emotions, and in addition, by slowing their interaction with the cerebral cortex, and suppressing the reflex activity of the spinal cord (for example, the drug suppresses spinal reflexes of a polysynaptic nature).

Directly acting on the conductors of γ-aminobutyric acid, the drug facilitates the simplification of GABA-mediated movement of the nervous reactions inside the CNS. The active element of the drug can improve the active activity of the brain, stabilizing the internal processes of metabolism and improving the function of the circulation.

At the same time, the patient has an improvement in hemodynamic values (for example, increases linear as well as volumetric circulation rate), lowering the level of vascular resistance, improving microcirculation processes (also inside the eye tissues), and also creating conditions in which the induced or spontaneous platelet aggregation. The latter, in turn, reduces the risk of blood clots in people who have problems with cerebrovascular circulation.

In addition, Phenibut has anticonvulsant and antioxidant properties.

Pharmacokinetics

Penetrating into the body, the drug is quickly absorbed, after which it is distributed inside a variety of tissues. The active element easily penetrates the BBB. Inside the brain tissue penetrates about 0.1% of the used portion of drugs.

The drug is evenly distributed inside the kidneys with the liver. Biotransformation of the active component by 80-95% occurs inside the hepatic tissues. The metabolic substances formed as a result have no drug activity.

The drug does not accumulate inside the body. The process of excretion of the substance begins after approximately 3 hours after taking the drug. At the same time, the level of this element inside the cerebral tissues does not decrease. Inside the brain, it is detected for another 6 hours.

Approximately 5% of the LS is exposed to renal excretion in unchanged form. Another part of the drug is excreted with bile.

Dosing and administration

The medicine is used orally, in the exchange rate regime. The duration of such courses ranges from 1-1.5 months.

Adults use a daily portion, which is 0.75-1.5 g. It should be taken in 3 additions. If necessary, it is allowed to increase the dosage to 2.5 g.

For a single admission is allowed to use (an adult under 60 years of age) not more than 0.75 g of the drug. Elderly people are forbidden to take more than 0.5 grams of medication for 1 dose.

Mode of use and dosage of Phenibutum in the treatment of various pathologies.

People who experience dizziness due to the development of otitis media, as well as those who have been diagnosed with padalexia, are required to take the drug in this mode:

• during exacerbations, one should take tablets in the amount of 0.75 g, 3 times / day for 5-7 days;
• after the severity of signs of vestibular dysfunction is reduced, the dose is reduced to 0.25-0.5 g taken 3 times / day (in a similar dose, too, the drug should be taken for 5-7 days);
• after this therapy lasts another 5 days, and the drug is taken in a daily portion of 0.25 g.

If the disease has a fairly mild severity, the daily dosage of the medicine may be 0.5 g - it is taken in the period of 5-7 days (the dosage itself should be divided into 2 uses). After this therapy should last for about 1-3 weeks - during this period, drugs are taken in a daily dose of 0.25 g.

To get rid of dizziness that arose against the background of vascular diseases or trauma, Phenibut is used in a daily portion of 0.75 g. It is divided into 3 separate uses. Often this course lasts approximately 14 days.

To eliminate osteochondrosis in the area of the thoracic / cervical vertebral site or remove signs of the female menopause, you should use the medication in combination with other medical procedures.

During the initial 2 weeks of the course, the drug is consumed 3 times / day, according to the first pill (the daily portion of the drug is 0.75 g). Later, the amount of use is reduced to 2, all the same for the 1-st pill for the reception (the daily dose at the same time is 0.5 g).

If the disease has a moderate pain syndrome, with a vertebral disease or menopause, the drug is prescribed in combination with other drugs - the 1st pill with reception 2 times / day (the whole day portion is 0.5 g). This course should last for 1 month.

Like other similar drugs, Fenibut is used for prevention to prevent the development of the so-called motion sickness syndrome, which appears when traveling on water or while flying on an airplane.

In such cases, you need to use the drug once - about 1 hour before the planned start of the journey (or when the first signs of kinetosis occur). The optimal serving size is 0.25-0.5 g (or 1-2 tablets). The severity of exposure to drugs depends on the size of the dose.

But it must be taken into account that with the development of vivid signs of motion sickness (such as severe vomiting), the effect will not be brought by the dosage of 0.75-1 g.

Prevention of the development of manifestations of motion sickness in air sickness is carried out according to the above scheme.

Use of the drug for therapy in children.

Children who are aged between 8-14 years of age need to take the medicine in a daily dose equal to 0.75 g - in 3 doses, 0.25 g (the volume of one tablet of the drug).

In the presence of such a need, we also admit drug reception in the maximum permissible single dose, equal to 0.3 g.

[9]

Use of the fenibuta during pregnancy

It is forbidden to prescribe Fenibut to nursing or pregnant women. An exception may be only cases where the likely benefits of therapy for a woman are higher than the occurrence of complications in the fetus.

Contraindications

The main contraindications:

• the presence of intolerance with regard to Phenibutum or additional elements of the drug;
• children under the age of 8;
• kidney failure in acute degree.

Caution is necessary in the appointment of persons with diseases in the field of digestive organs, and in addition to lesions of the gastrointestinal tract are erosive and ulcerative. This group of patients should use Fenibut in reduced dosages, because it is capable of irritating the mucous.

Side effects of the fenibuta

Usually, side effects occur only at the initial stages of treatment. Often, patients noted increased feelings of drowsiness, the emergence of headaches and nausea, as well as changes in blood pressure values.

Taking medication can also cause the following negative symptoms:

• increased sensation of excitement, anxiety, and irritability;
• the appearance of dizziness;
• development of individual signs of allergy.

Overdose

As a result of the development of intoxication, the victim usually has the following negative manifestations: vomiting, increased sensation of drowsiness, kidney failure, nausea, and lowering blood pressure.

To eliminate these disorders, you must rinse the patient's stomach and perform the required symptomatic procedures. The medicine does not have a special antidote.

Due to the fact that Phenibut is a substance with a low level of toxicity, only its prolonged use in very high portions (7-14 g per day) can lead to the appearance of hepatotoxic symptoms.

For example, a patient has an increase in the number of eosinophils inside the peripheral blood, and hepatic steatosis may appear (this is a chronic disease that occurs as a result of the accumulation of a large number of triglycerides inside the hepatic tissues and manifests itself in the form of fatty degeneration of the hepatic cells).

Interactions with other drugs

To mutually enhance the effectiveness of medicinal effects, it is possible to combine Phenibut with other psychotropic drugs. But you need to take into account that in this case, the portion of both drugs should be reduced.

The drug is able to potentiate and prolong the effect of hypnotic drugs, neurolepics, anticonvulsants, and also opiates.

The ability to prolong and potentiate the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs makes the drug Fenibut a means of primary use, if necessary, to use treatment with nootropics for persons who suffer from epilepsy.

The drug potentiates the effects of alcoholic beverages, as well as their toxic properties. In addition, there is evidence that its effect is enhanced by the effect of antiparkinsonian drugs.

[10], [11]

Storage conditions

Phenibut should be kept out of the reach of children, in a dark and dry place. Temperatures are a maximum of 25 ° C.

Shelf life

Phenibut is allowed to be used for 3 years from the date of manufacture of the drug.

Reviews

Phenibut receives many diverse (sometimes even completely polar) reviews in various medical forums. There are patients who consider the drug to be the most effective and effective, but there are also those who criticize it very much, complaining about the presence of many side effects (among them mental retardation, and also a feeling of drowsiness).

Most often, doctors are asked about whether the drug is addictive. This is indeed the case, but a similar problem occurs only in situations where drug use lasts a long time.

At the same time, neurologists say that it is not too difficult to give up the medicine - in order not to cause withdrawal syndrome, during the last 7 days of the course it is necessary to gradually reduce the size of the daily portion of the drug.

Patients in their reviews often note that the medicine is not a nootropic drug, but a powerful tranquilizer, and therefore it is only allowed to use it if there are very serious mental disorders.

To select a suitable dosage for the patient, a doctor who is exclusively treating can take a decision - in view of its size, Phenibut will either have a nootropic effect or act as a tranquilizer. This must be remembered and must not in any case engage in self-medication.

There is an opinion that the drug has a negative effect on the liver, but doctors disprove this theory. The excretion of the substance through the liver is a maximum of 5% of the dose, so the effect of the drug on the body will be extremely low. Negative hepatotoxic symptoms occur only with prolonged use of drugs with dosing at a dose that is at least three times as high as recommended.

Neuropathologists report that the use of the drug for the treatment of infants is fully justified - if the infants have disorders in the cerebral structures caused by difficult birth or pregnancy, against which a gestosis has arisen. It would be advisable to use Phenibut and in the treatment of a child with CCT.

Also there is the opinion of mothers, whose children took the medicine. When young children were admitted, it was noted that all the tics in the child completely passed, there was an improvement in the behavior and general condition, as well as the normalization of sleep. But with the reception of older children, there was no significant improvement in the condition.

Often the result of therapy was insignificant or the tics acquired a different form (for example, instead of muscle ticks, the child began to have a voice).

The presence of such different reviews on the drug allows us to draw the following conclusion:

1. medicine should be prescribed only by an experienced doctor;
2. The effectiveness of therapy is largely determined by the characteristics of the patient's body, as well as the clinical picture of the disease.