Sevoran

Sevoran is a drug used for inhalation anesthesia. Consider its pharmacotherapeutic properties and the extent of the effects on the central nervous system.

The Sevoran contains an active component - sevoflurane. This substance has anesthetic properties, so it is used to perform inhalation anesthesia. This method of administration of the drug provides disconnection of the patient's consciousness in a very short time and quickly recovery after the end of the procedure. With the introduction, anesthesia provokes a slight agitation and a mild irritation of the mucosa of the respiratory tract. This does not provoke a strong secretion in the tracheobronchial tree and does not cause stimulation of the nervous system.

The drug suppresses respiratory functions and lowers blood pressure. The severity of these reactions depends entirely on the dose of the drug. Anesthesia does not reduce the reaction to carbon dioxide and does not affect intracranial pressure, kidneys or liver.

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Indications of the sevorana

Sevoran is used as an inhalation anesthesia. Indications for its use are water and general anesthesia for adults and children in surgical operations, both in a hospital and outpatient settings. The medication is intended for use only by anesthetists.

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Release form

The drug has a liquid release form. Sevoran is available as a liquid for inhalation in vials of polymeric material or dark-colored glass. The drug is available in a volume of 100 and 250 ml. Each bottle contains 100% sevoflurane.

Pharmacodynamics

The drug is used for induction anesthesia, providing rapid loss of consciousness and rapid recovery after the action of anesthesia. Pharmacodynamics is accompanied by minimal excitation and irritation of the upper respiratory tract. Suppression of respiratory function and lowering of arterial pressure have dose-dependent values. According to the clinical studies, the threshold level of sevoflurane, which causes arrhythmia by adrenaline, is completely comparable with the dosage of isoflurane and exceeds the threshold values of halothane.

The active substance of the preparation is characterized by a minimal effect on intracranial pressure and no reaction to CO ₂. Does not have a clinically significant effect on liver and kidney function, does not provoke an aggravation of renal or hepatic insufficiency. Even prolonged anesthesia with sevoran does not affect the concentration function of the kidneys.

Pharmacokinetics

Sevoflurane has a low solubility in the blood, which provides a rapid increase in alveolar concentration when administered to general anesthesia and rapid recovery after discontinuation of inhalation. Pharmacokinetics of the drug indicates that the ratio of alveolar concentration and values in the inhaled mixture in the phase of accumulation in half an hour after inhalation is about 0.85. In the elimination phase after 5 minutes, these concentrations reach 0.15.

The active component of anesthesia is quickly and completely excreted from the lungs, minimizing the metabolism of the drug. At the same time, less than 5% of the absorbed dose is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP 2E1). The concentration level of fluoride ions depends entirely on the duration of anesthesia, the composition of the mixture for anesthesia and the concentration of Sevor. Barbiturates do not cause defluorination of the active substance.

Dosing and administration

The instructions for the drug indicate its use and dosage. Sevoran is indicated for purposes of premedication, but only by inhalation. Dosage is calculated, based on age, body weight, sex, the planned duration and complexity of surgical manipulation. Anesthesia is carried out with a special inhalation evaporator, the active substance comes with oxygen or in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen oxide.

At an active ingredient concentration of up to 8%, administration to a general anesthetic is achieved in less than 2 minutes. But there are a number of exceptions, these are elderly patients, since they metabolize the drug much more slowly. To maintain the effect obtained, a concentration of 0.5-3% is used.

Efficiency Sevoran is determined depending on the MAC value. There are approximate values of MAC drugs for patients of different ages, consider them:

• Completed newborns - in oxygen 3.3%.
• 1-6 months - in oxygen 3%.
• up to 3 years - in oxygen 2.8%, in a mixture of N2O 60% and O2 40% - 2%.
• 3-12 years - in oxygen 2.5%.
• 25 years - in oxygen 2.6%, in a mixture of N2O 65% and O2 35% - 1.4%.
• 40 years - in oxygen 2,1%, in a mixture of N2O 65% and O2 35% - 1,1%.
• 60 years - in oxygen 1,7%, in a mixture of N2O 65% and O2 35% - 0,9%.
• 80 years - in oxygen 1.4%, in a mixture of N2O 65% and O2 35% - 0.7%.

When choosing a dosage, it is necessary to take into account that MAC is not detected in newborns of premature patients. When using anesthesia in pediatrics for children 1-3 years old, a mixture of N ₂ O and O _{2 is} used in a proportion of 60:40. The escape from anesthesia with Sevoran is much faster than with similar inhalation anesthetics.

Use of the sevorana during pregnancy

Ability to use during pregnancy Sevoran should be determined by an anesthesiologist and a female doctor. According to clinical studies, the drug does not affect the reproductive system and does not have a damaging effect on the fetus. The drug is safe to use for general anesthesia with caesarean section. With extreme caution, this anesthesia is prescribed to women on breastfeeding.

Contraindications

Sevoran is not recommended for hypersensitivity to its components. Contraindications for use concern patients with high body temperature, various disorders of kidney function and with craniocerebral hypertension.

Side effects of the sevorana

The risk of developing side effects of Sevor depends entirely on the dosage. The drug can cause depression of the respiratory center and cardiovascular system. At the stage of withdrawal from general anesthesia, for a short time, such adverse reactions can be observed:

• Nausea and vomiting.
• Increased drowsiness.
• Instability of arterial pressure.
• Cough and chills.
• Bradycardia.
• Tachycardia.
• Headaches and dizziness.
• Agitation.
• Respiratory disorders of varying severity.
• Increased salivation.

In addition to the above reactions, there are also possible side effects: postoperative hepatitis, seizures, various allergic reactions from the skin and respiratory system, dystonia in children, malignant hyperthermia, frequent mood swings, leukocytosis, increased blood sugar.

Overdose

Incorrect calculation of doses of anesthesia can lead to serious and even irreversible changes in the human body. Overdose manifests more pronounced adverse reactions. For restoration, such measures are shown: to stop the use of the drug, to provide oxygen access to the lungs in any accessible way, to ensure the normal operation of the cardiovascular system.

Interactions with other drugs

Safety and effectiveness of interaction Sevoran with other drugs has clinical confirmation. Most often, the medication is used simultaneously with muscle relaxants, antimicrobial agents, including aminoglycosides, hormones and their synthetic analogs, blood products and cardiovascular drugs, including epinephrine, that is, drugs that affect the function of the central and autonomic nervous system.

Sevoflurane has the ability to displace medicines with serum and tissue proteins. Anesthesia can be combined with opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines.

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Storage conditions

According to the storage conditions, the bottles with the drug should be kept in a dark, dry and cool place, which is inaccessible to children. The storage temperature should be within 25 ° C.

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Shelf life

Sevoran should be used within 36 months from the date of its production. The expiry date is indicated on the package with the drug and after its expiration, it is contraindicated to apply the medicine.