Catarrhal gastritis: antral, superficial, focal, diffuse, acute, chronic, erosive

The inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa is a catarrhal gastritis. Consider the features of the disease, its types, symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment.

With diseases of the digestive system, about 85% of people are facing, most of them are gastritis. The pathological process caused by excessive consumption of fried, fatty or acute is a catarrhal form of gastritis. Very often the disease occurs because of easy food poisoning or inappropriate nutrition. The stomach is the most vulnerable part of the digestive system, it has many processes, for example: mechanical mixing of food, its chemical cleavage and absorption of nutrients.

Most pathological process affects the internal walls of the stomach, that is, its mucosa. Mucous is involved in the production of protective mucus and gastric juice. Digestion is a subtle biochemical process with its own pH and pH of the gastric juice. In this case, high acidity is observed in the initial parts of the stomach, and low - in the place of connection of the organ with the small intestine.

In a healthy person, the gastric juice produced by the glands of different organs has different properties. For example, the pH of the esophagus is neutral, and the duodenum is alkaline. Unpleasant sensations arising from gastritis, for example, heartburn - a sign of a violation of the acid-base balance in one of the departments of the gastrointestinal tract. Such a deviation of the acid balance is the basis of inflammation with reduced or increased acidity.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Epidemiology

A simple food gastritis (catarrhal) refers to the most common pathology of the digestive tract. Epidemiology indicates that about 30-50% of the adult population suffers from this disease. The incidence of inflammatory changes in the gastrointestinal tract increases with the age of the person. According to the latest statistics, every year the number of gastritis among the world's population increases by 1.5%.

The pattern of the development of the disease is also associated with socio-economic factors. For example, if the disorder is caused by H. Pylori infection, then normal sanitation and a higher level of education of the population can minimize the spread of the disease. This also applies to other factors that cause pathology.

[5], [6]

Causes of the catarrhal gastritis

The main causes of catarrhal gastritis are associated with a violation of diet. The disease occurs when there are such factors:

• Binge eating.
• Use too hot, cold, rough or oily food.
• Bad chewing.
• Food poisoning.
• Food in the dry.
• Harmful habits (smoking, alcoholism).
• Frequent stress and transmitted infections.
• Infection with H. Pylori.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Long-term use of medicines.

Substandard foods or poor cooking can also provoke a disease. The pathological condition arises with individual intolerance of certain products that cause severe irritation of the stomach. Similar is observed for influenza infections, typhoid, diphtheria and other infectious diseases.

[7]

Risk factors

Gastroenterologists distinguish risk factors for inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, consider the main ones:

• An unbalanced diet. The use of coarse food, for example, vegetable, for a long period of time causes a mechanical trauma to the mucosa of the esophagus and stomach. Despite the fact that the wound is small, caustic gastric juice corrodes damaged tissue, provoking inflammation.
• Taking medication on an empty stomach. Before taking any drug, you should read the instructions for its use. Gastritis, as a complication of the underlying disease, will significantly worsen the patient's condition.
• Food poisoning caused by acute food or consumption of alcohol-containing beverages. This leads to the fact that the mucus produced by the stomach is not able to cope with the intensive action of stimuli. Because of this, the inner walls, that is, the mucosa, are damaged.
• Heavy stresses and emotional experiences negatively affect the entire body and the endocrine system in particular. This manifests itself as a gastritis, which can go to the erosive form and ulcer. This is observed with frequent colds and infectious diseases that undermine the immune system.

Catarrhal inflammation can be associated with the use of spoiled foods that are the source of pathogenic microorganisms and toxins. Minimizing the effect of the above-described factors, it is possible to minimize the risk of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the body as a whole.

[8], [9]

Pathogenesis

The mechanism of the inflammation of the gastric mucosa is based on its irritation. Pathogenesis can be associated with the use of poor-quality products, medication or eating disorders. In some cases, stress and nervous experiences cause symptoms of the disorder.

The severity of the symptoms depends on the factors that provoked it. As a rule, no more than 2-3 days pass from the onset of the disease to the appearance of its first signs. The catarrhal form of the disease occurs in more than 50% of the world's population. Most of all, schoolchildren and students who violate the diet are denied, refusing to eat properly.

[10], [11], [12], [13]

Symptoms of the catarrhal gastritis

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa is characterized by a variety of symptoms. Symptoms of catarrhal gastritis are most often manifested in the form of painful sensations in the solar plexus. The discomfort is aggravated after ingestion of food, liquid or medicines, which have increased aggressiveness to the mucosa. Pain can intensify between meals, accompanied by eructations, heartburn, flatulence and vomiting. Symptoms of the disorder depend on the level of acidity.

High acidity:

• Diarrhea.
• Prolonged pain in the solar plexus, which pass after eating.
• Heartburn after acidic food.
• Increased flatulence.
• Belching.
• Nausea.

Reduced or zero acidity:

• Heaviness in the stomach after eating.
• Repulsion with rotten eggs.
• Unpleasant taste in the mouth.
• Rumbling of the stomach.
• Morning sickness.
• Strong unpleasant odor from the mouth.
• Problems with the stool.

If you leave the above symptoms without attention, then the disease will pass chronic form. In this case, the patient will suffer from frequent exacerbations. The pain in the solar plexus region will become permanent and can be intensified both with prolonged fasting and after eating. Aerophagy, heartburn, metallic taste in the mouth, thirst, increased salivation, dyspepsia and general malaise are signs that catarrhal gastritis has passed into a chronic form.

If vomiting occurs with bloody clots or vomit is dark, this indicates an erosive form of the disorder. The inflammatory process in the mucosa is so neglected that the stomach constantly suffers from bleeding. They are manifested by black feces, noise in the ears, severe dizziness and other pathological symptoms.

[14], [15]

First signs

According to medical observations, the first signs of catarrhal gastritis make themselves felt a couple of hours after the development of inflammation. Typically, these are stitching and cutting pains in the upper abdomen, heaviness in the epigastric region, nausea, an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth, frequent regurgitation and heartburn.

If the disease takes a severe course, then the above symptoms are accompanied by a sharp increase in temperature and severe nausea. After a while, nausea is accompanied by vomiting, while in vomit masses there may be impurities of bile. The patient complains of severe abdominal pain, increased weakness, dizziness, heavy saliva and sweating. A gray raid appears on the tongue, and an unpleasant sour smell comes from the mouth.

If you leave the above symptoms without attention, then the disease takes a chronic form. The patient suffers from stool disorders, there is a tendency to constipation and problems with appetite. Even an easy meal provokes strong paroxysmal pains. The disorder is characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. This form of inflammation does not lend itself to complete cure. Therapy is aimed at maintaining normal health.

[16], [17]

Stages

Inflammation of the inner shell of the stomach has certain subspecies. Consider the main stages of catarrhal gastritis:

• Simple (most common).
• Corrosive - occurs due to corrosive liquids (alkali, acid).
• Phlegmonous - the mucosa thickens considerably due to the large number of leukocytes.
• Fibrinous - due to infection on the shell of the stomach appear fibrin films.
• Hypertrophic - is characterized by abundant cystic and adenomal lesions of the mucosa. The shell of the stomach takes on a thickened look.

Each of the stages described above is characterized by its painful symptoms. With improper or inadequate treatment, all stages take a heavy course and become chronic.

[18], [19], [20]

Acute catarrhal gastritis

Under the influence of aggressive medications, harmful drinks or heavy food, develops acute catarrhal gastritis. The disease can be caused by renal or hepatic insufficiency, pathological conditions not associated with the gastrointestinal tract, stress.

Forms of acute inflammation:

• Simple.
• Phlegmonous.
• Necrotic.
• Fibrinous.

Very often acute lesions occur in phlegmonous form. Pathology is associated with injury to the walls of the stomach (swallowing of glass, pins and other sharp objects) and is manifested by the swelling of the walls of the organ.

Acute inflammation manifests itself 3-8 hours after the impact of the crisis factor. The disease begins with a strong burning sensation in the epigastrium, a vomiting, vomiting and metallic taste in the mouth. After a while, the disorder is supplemented by fever, bloody vomiting, diarrhea. If this condition is left without due attention, then the shock and tension of the abdominal wall develops.

[21], [22], [23], [24], [25]

Chronic catarrhal gastritis

At the initial stages of chronic catarrhal gastritis occurs without significant symptoms. The disorder is manifested by increased sensitivity to a certain food, heartburn, increased flatulence, plaque in the tongue, heaviness in the stomach.

The main types of chronic form:

• Associated with Helicobacter pylori.
• Autoimmune (the formation of antibodies to the cells of the gastrointestinal tract).
• Idiopathic (occurs when the same stimulus factor acts).
• Chemical (long-term use of medications, for example, NSAIDs or throwing bile into the stomach).
• Eosinophilic (allergic).
• Granulomatous (caused by tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease and other inflammatory lesions of internal organs).

Anxiety occurs in people of any age and is characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. In its symptoms, the aggravation is similar to the acute form of the disease (discomfort, nausea, vomiting, fever). Chronic gastritis is dangerous atrophy of the mucosa: the glands of the stomach stop functioning normally, healthy cells are replaced by atypical ones. The process of self-healing of the mucosa is broken, which leads to ulcers and oncologic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.

[26], [27]

Forms

There are several types of catarrhal inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which differ in their morphology, localization, course and other factors.

Types of simple food gastritis:

• Chronic - this is an aggravation of a mild form of inflammation. It is characterized by deep and extensive destruction of the mucosa. It is accompanied by oppression of secretion and motility, loss of glands and sclerosis of the vascular bed. The patient suffers from a sharp decrease in body weight and a decrease in appetite, an unpleasant aftertaste, nausea.
• Acute - develops due to the use of alcohol, overeating, negative psychoemotional atmosphere. The regeneration of the mucosa and the process of feeding of the microvessels are disrupted. The main symptoms: eructation, nausea, increased weakness, unpleasant aftertaste, pain in the pit of the stomach.
• Atrophic (gastritis type A) - is due to a genetic defect in which protective proteins are formed to the proteins of the gastric mucosa. Because of this, there is inflammation, a violation of the formation of new cells and their death. This leads to atrophy of the glands of the gastrointestinal tract.

Another group of catarrhal gastritis is associated with non-microbial factors. Consider their types:

• Alcoholic - develop due to regular, long-term use of alcoholic beverages.
• NSAIDs are gastric lesions associated with the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Postresection - arise after surgical removal of part of the organ.
• Chemical - is associated with the ingestion of substances with aggressive properties (destructively affect the proteins of the mucous membrane).

To differentiate all types of inflammation, laboratory and instrumental methods are used. Because of this disease with similar clinical symptoms, but different mechanism of development and pathogenesis require a special approach to treatment.

[28], [29]

Catarrhal antral gastritis

The pathological process taking place in the antrum part of the stomach (responsible for reducing the acidity of food, before entering the intestine) is catarrhal antral gastritis. The main cause of the disease is the infection of Helicobacter pylori. The bacterium multiplies and colonizes the affected organ due to its reduced acidity. The activity of these microorganisms provokes inflammation. The disease can be caused by stressful situations, food poisoning, bad habits, malnutrition.

The main symptoms of pathology:

• Decreased appetite.
• Nausea and burp with an unpleasant taste.
• Heartburn after a meal.
• Diarrhea / constipation.
• Heaviness in the stomach, swelling.
• Pain spasmodic immediately after eating.
• General weakness and irritability.

All the symptoms are accompanied by deformation and narrowing of the antral part of the stomach.

The main forms of antral inflammation:

1. Superficial is the initial stage of the disease. The glands are not yet affected, but the mucosa is irritated, there are atrophic changes in the epithelium.
2. Erosive - is associated with insufficient release of mucus, which leads to erosion of varying depth and prevalence.
3. Atrophic - thinning of the mucous walls of the digestive tract, reducing the secretion of gastric juice, dying of glands and replacement of their connective tissue.

Treatment of this form of the disease consists of drug therapy, compliance with a sparing diet and physiotherapy procedures aimed at stopping the painful symptoms.

[30]

Catarrhal reflux gastritis

Chemical-toxic-induced inflammation of the stomach is a catarrhal reflux of gastritis. The mechanism of its development is associated with a violation of acidity and the dissynchronization of the sphincter function. This leads to the fact that the mucosa does not cope with bile acid, enzymes and other components of the aggressive environment. Because of this, the walls of the digestive organ are destroyed.

Types of reflux lesions:

• Duodenogastric - arises from the incorrect closure of the gatekeeper, increased pressure, degenerative processes in the stomach and duodenum.
• Biliary - a disorder of the bile-excreting system, motor failure and the work of sphincters. A defect is characterized by a disruption in the sequence of strength and pressure in the intestine and bile ducts. This leads to compression of the ducts of the pancreas and stomach.

The pathological condition is accompanied by such symptoms: a feeling of overflow and heaviness after eating, belching with bitter aftertaste, bouts of nausea and vomiting, constipation, alternating diarrhea, increased flatulence. With the biliary form of reflux, painful sensations are not very pronounced, the pain is dull and aching.

Treatment should be complex and directed at the processes of binding and removal of bile acids from the stomach, improving the motor function of the organ. Patients are prescribed medicines to protect the mucosa and the transformation of bile acid into a water-soluble form, as well as drugs that stop the reflux of bile. During the treatment period, an easy, semi-fluid diet is indicated.

[31], [32]

Focal catarrhal gastritis

Very often, patients with gastric lesions are diagnosed with focal catarrhal gastritis. This type of pathology indicates the localization of inflammation, that is, its focus. In most cases, the inflammatory process spreads throughout the mucosa, but can also cover a separate section of the digestive tract. If the lesion is local, then diagnose focal gastritis. He has no severe symptoms, so his clinical manifestations are the same as in other forms of the disorder.

The main cause of the disease - food poisoning, intolerance of certain foods or medicines, overeating, bad habits. Symptoms of malaise develop 5-8 hours after the action of the negative factor. This manifests itself in the form of discomfort in the epigastric region, nausea, vomiting, digestive disorders and feelings of overcrowding. In a particularly severe case, there is a sharp increase in temperature, which persists for several days.

For the treatment of gastric lavage, take adsorption drugs and medicines that cleanse the intestines. During therapy, a gentle diet is indicated.

[33], [34]

Catarrhal gastritis bulbit

Inflammation of the bulb of the duodenum (bulbus) is a catarrhal gastritis of bulbits. The bulb is located on the border between the intestines and the stomach, reflecting the diseases of the two organs. The main cause of inflammation is the infection of Helicobacter pylori, helminths or lamblia. There are a number of provoking factors that can also cause gastritis of bulbits:

• Violation of diet (prolonged fasting, overeating).
• Abuse of alcohol, smoking.
• Oily, fried, spicy, spicy food, pickles, marinades, smoked products.
• Hereditary predisposition.
• Poor immunity.

The disease can be acute or go to a chronic stage with frequent periods of exacerbation. In many ways, this depends on properly prescribed treatment and the patient's medical recommendations.

In terms of its symptoms, the pathological condition is similar to that of the duodenum and stomach:

• Aching, cramping pain that occurs on an empty stomach or before going to bed. Discomfort is determined in the epigastric region, can give to the navel and scapula. After taking medications to normalize the acidity of the gastric juice or food intake, the pain subsides.
• Eating regurgitated food and heartburn. Appear because of the ingestion of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus.
• Unpleasant smell in the mouth and bitterness - caused by stagnant food coma in the bulb.
• Attacks of nausea and vomiting after eating.

Painful sensations can be accompanied by a tremor in the muscles and increased weakness. The patient becomes irritable, there are violations of stool and a decrease in appetite.

Treatment is based on the observance of a gentle diet. Recommended fractional approach to eating and complete rejection of bad habits. Also shown is drug therapy. It consists of drugs to reduce the acidity of gastric juice, drugs to envelop the mucosa (protection against inflammation). Antibacterial therapy, intake of vitamins and immunocorrectors is carried out.

[35]

Catarrhal gastritis duodenitis

Inflammation of the duodenal mucosa is duodenitis. If the patient has a lesion of the stomach and duodenitis, then the diagnosis is as follows: catarrhal gastritis duodenitis. Most pathological condition occurs due to poisoning by toxic or chemical substances, alcohol consumption, fatty or spicy food. Another cause of the disease is injury to the mucous membrane of foreign objects.

Symptoms:

• Acute pain in the area of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Attacks of nausea and frequent vomiting.
• Deterioration of general well-being, weakness.
• Dizziness and headaches.
• Discomfort in the epigastric region.

The above symptoms require urgent treatment, since without medical assistance can lead to the fact that the disease will go into a chronic form. Therapy consists of observing a strict diet, physical and emotional rest (bed rest). The patient is washed with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and prescribed medications that improve the work of the stomach and duodenum.

[36], [37], [38], [39], [40]

Superficial catarrhal gastritis

An easy lesion of the gastric mucosa is a superficial catarrhal gastritis. The disease is characterized by discomfort in the abdomen, nausea, heartburn and an unpleasant taste in the mouth. The disorder has three stages: weak, moderate severe. Each of them has similar symptoms, which is characterized by a degree of severity.

Most often, such a disorder is diagnosed in children. Disease occurs due to irrational menu and power failure. An ailment can develop against a background of alcoholism, smoking, drinking cold, hot, salty or spicy food. Pathologies on the part of the pancreas and thyroid gland, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, can also provoke an inflammatory process in the stomach.

For the treatment of mild form, the patient is prescribed a special diet. With a more severe course of the disease, drug therapy and regular observations with a gastroenterologist are indicated.

Catarrhal and erosive gastritis

If the inflammatory process captures the entire thickness of the mucous membrane and part of the muscle layer, then this indicates a catarrhal and erosive gastritis. The disease is characterized by the formation of small erosions on the gastric mucosa. Such defects are not deep, so with the right approach to treatment, you can quickly restore the mucosa. If the damage is deeper, then this indicates the development of peptic ulcer. It is also subject to treatment, but leaves a scar on the mucosa.

Features of catarrhal inflammation of erosive form:

• The mucous membrane is hyperemic, there is inflammation and multiple erosions.
• If a food irritant or toxic liquid enters the gastric cavity, then it provokes an acute course of the disease. If there are violations of the secretory-motor mechanisms of the digestive system, the disorder takes on a chronic form.
• A protracted current can arise due to the action of various harmful microorganisms.
• Without timely treatment causes gastric bleeding. In comparison with other forms of the disease, it requires more complex and prolonged therapy.

Clinical symptoms of the disease:

• Pain in the epigastric region. Discomfort occurs only after taking strong analgesics.
• Heartburn - is caused by impaired motor activity of the stomach and reflux of its acidic contents into the lower parts of the esophagus.
• Dyspeptic disorders: diarrhea, heaviness after eating, stale or sour regurgitation, dryness and bitterness in the mouth.
• The emergence or intensification of painful sensations after eating or on an empty stomach.

If you suspect a erosive form of alimentary inflammation of the stomach, conduct a full diagnosis. It consists of a set of laboratory and instrumental studies. The treatment is long and involves diet therapy and a number of medications.

[41], [42]

Atrophic catarrhal gastritis

Prolonged sluggish inflammation in the stomach, causes atrophic catarrhal gastritis. The prolonged damage to the mucous membrane disrupts its work, makes it difficult to self-renew the shell, reduces the quantitative composition of the mucosa, provokes its thinning and atrophy. Against the background of a decrease in active cells, the volume of gastric juice produced and the level of acidity decrease. This leads to the fact that incoming food is not processed, because the gastric juice loses its ability to disinfect.

This type of disease is one of the most dangerous, since it increases the risk of precancerous condition of the stomach. The most common are middle-aged and elderly men. Due to the depletion of compensatory mechanisms may not have a vivid clinical picture.

Symptoms:

• Belching.
• Nausea.
• Unpleasant odor from the mouth.
• Increased flatulence.
• Constipation / diarrhea.
• Rumbling of the stomach.
• A sharp decrease in body weight.
• Anemia.
• Headache.
• Violation of hormonal metabolism.

The disease has several types:

• Acute (active) gastritis - in its symptoms similar to the superficial form of pathology. During the diagnosis, there may be: swelling of the organ walls, leukocyte infiltration, erosion on the mucosa. The patient complains of severe discomfort in the digestive tract, frequent vomiting, fever, headaches and fainting.
• Chronic - in most cases, acts as an independent disease, and not a transformation of the initial inflammation. It is characterized by a prolonged course and predominance of dystrophic processes over inflammatory processes.
• Focal - areas of pathologically altered tissues on the walls of the stomach. It can occur against the background of increased acidity of the gastric juice, involving the glandular tissues of the organ in the process. On the symptomatology does not differ from simple alimentary gastritis.

In addition to the above-described species, atrophic inflammation can be mild, superficial, antral, diffuse. Each form requires comprehensive diagnosis and treatment. In this case, the earlier the therapy is started, the better the prognosis for recovery.

[43], [44], [45]

Distal catarrhal gastritis

Inflammation of the mucosa in the distal stomach is a distal catarrhal gastritis. The peculiarity of this disease is that it easily passes into a ulcerative and erosive form, therefore it requires urgent treatment. It is characterized by a deficiency of the cardia, which leads to incomplete closure of the esophagus valve.

The disease has two forms:

• Acute - develops because of acid-alkaline gastrointestinal poisonings.
• Chronic - can be widespread and limited. Inflammation is accompanied by heaviness in the epigastric region and frequent eructations. Promotes the development of bacteria that adversely affect the gastrointestinal tract.

For each of the forms described above, this symptomatology is typical: a degenerative change in the integumentary epithelium, erosion, an increase in the number of leukocytes, swelling of the vessels, lymphoplasmocytic infiltration.

Treatment is carried out taking into account the degree of acidity of gastric juice and the causes of the disease. If the disorder is caused by the irritating effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, then the medications of the prostaglandin series are indicated. In other cases, take antisecretory and antibacterial drugs.

[46], [47], [48]

Diffuse catarrhal gastritis

A serious gastrointestinal lesion that increases the risk of developing stomach cancer is a diffuse catarrhal gastritis. It is characterized by an inflammatory process in the epithelium of the organ and easily passes into a chronic form. Mucous quickly atrophies, glandular cells die, and epithelial cells are replaced by fibrous cells.

The pathological condition develops because of such reasons:

• Violation of the diet - overeating acute, fried, fatty, hot food or a monotonous diet.
• Strong nervous experiences - stress provokes a huge production of hormones of the adrenal cortex (epinephrine, norepinephrine), which adversely affect the condition of the gastric mucosa, causing ulceration on its surface.
• Food poisoning, taking medication on an empty stomach.
• Infection with Helicobacter pylori.
• Complication of various surgical operations on the intestines and stomach, which cause violation of the passage of food through the gastrointestinal tract.

Symptoms are similar to other types of disease. Patients encounter discomfort in the digestive tract, which occurs regardless of food intake. Observed frequent attacks of nausea and vomiting, heartburn, acidic eructation. Mucosal atrophy leads to a worsening of the function of the affected organ and the entire digestive tract, which leads to a sharp loss of weight. Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms and the causes of the disease. As a rule, the therapy consists of a medicamentous part and a diet aimed at restoring intestinal motility and the work of the whole gastrointestinal tract.

[49], [50]

Catarrhal hyperplastic gastritis

Another disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which can go to the form of oncology - is a catarrhal hyperplastic gastritis. The disease develops due to the impact of negative factors: alcohol abuse, malnutrition, throwing the contents of the duodenum into the stomach, damage to the mucosa and other.

In norm, that is, in a healthy person, the gastric epithelium is restored independently. But if there is an adverse factor, the regeneration process slows down significantly. Damaged cells of the mucosa are constantly divided, provoking hyperplasia. This condition is characterized by the formation of a new tissue, which increases the production of antibodies, triggering the reaction of all body systems. At the same time, undamaged cells synthesize an increased amount of acid, provoking side effects.

Hyperplastic lesions of the stomach have several types, which depend on the degree of deformation of the organ.

• Granular - proliferation of the mucosa occurs in the form of small foci-grains, no larger than 3 mm.
• Giant (Menetries disease) - the mucous is replaced by adenomas, that is, by a large number of benign formations.
• Warty - on the epithelium appears a few outgrowths, similar to warts in its shape.
• Polyposis - the mucous membrane is hyperemic, hypertrophy of the folds of the stomach with a variety of polyps (most often localized on the back of the organ).

Endoscopy or radiography is used to establish the degree of hyperplasia. Symptoms of this form of the disease do not differ from any other inflammatory process in the digestive tract. The patient complains of nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, digestive disorders and stool disorders.

This diagnosis requires immediate treatment. Therapy depends on the symptoms of the disease. With increased acidity, antisecretory drugs are prescribed. If there is atrophy of the mucosa, then natural gastric juice is used for treatment. With ulcerative lesions, the therapy is aimed at restoring the normal functioning of the mucosa. When pollipoznoy or warty form of a surgical procedure. During treatment and rehabilitation a strict but balanced diet is shown.

[51]

A simple catarrhal gastritis

The pathological process of inflammatory nature, localized in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract is a simple catarrhal gastritis. The main reason for its development, is the frequent use of fatty, fried, salted or spicy food, stressful situations. The disease can be associated with infection by harmful microorganisms or other pathologies.

This disorder occurs in half of the world's people, and is most often associated with neglect of the diet. Inflammation is characterized by infiltration of white blood cells in the gastric mucosa. The epithelium of the organ has degenerative changes and is hyperemic.

Painful symptoms usually develop a couple of hours after eating irritating food or another factor that causes a pathological condition. In most cases, the pain is stitching and localized in the gastrointestinal tract and navel. During the attack, there is nausea, an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth, there may be a strong eructation and bitterness. In especially severe cases, the temperature rises and there are bouts of vomiting.

Treatment is aimed at preventing complications. The patient is prescribed a strict diet. If necessary, prescribe medication and physiotherapy. Without timely medical assistance, a simple form of food gastritis can go into a neglected pathological process that will require prolonged and severe treatment.

[52], [53], [54]

Complications and consequences

Without timely diagnosis and treatment, even a mild form of catarrhal gastritis can cause serious consequences and complications. The disease can cause such pathological phenomena as:

• Internal bleeding through a damaged mucous membrane.
• Stomach cancer.
• Peritonitis and blood poisoning.
• Pancreatitis.
• Anemia.
• Hypovitaminosis.
• Dysbacteriosis of the intestine.
• Exhaustion of the body.
• Indigestion.
• Regular constipation and diarrhea.
• Increased gas formation.
• Metabolic disease.
• Peptic ulcer and loss of appetite.
• Spasms of the gastrointestinal tract with food intake and other.

The pathologies described above can develop in any form and stage of the disease. Consider the most dangerous complications and the reasons for their development:

1. Peptic Ulcer

Most often develops with focal form of catarrhal gastritis. The inflammatory process affects the deep layers of the mucosa, reaching the muscle tissue. From focal inflammation, a small erosion is formed, which gradually turns into an ulcer. The process is exacerbated by the constant action of hydrochloric acid and poorly chewed food, which leads to body irritation.

The ulcer has a number of characteristic symptoms: epigastric pains arising on an empty stomach, nausea, belching, heartburn, frequent vomiting, pain giving back or chest. Without treatment, this condition threatens internal bleeding, stenosis of the pylorus and malignant degeneration of the mucosa.

2. Pancreatitis

Dystrophic-inflammatory changes in the pancreas develop due to progressive gastritis. The disease has an acute onset, there are sharp pains in epigastric shingles. Against this background, there are bouts of nausea and vomiting, a sharp weight loss due to a violation of digestion and digestion of food.

3. Internal bleeding

Most often occur with hypertrophic changes in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract and with a polypous form of catarrhal inflammation. The main danger of this condition is that even large blood loss can not have pronounced clinical signs. For the detection of pathology, a number of diagnostic studies are carried out. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of blood and stool.

4. Anemia

This complication is directly related to atrophic changes in the mucosa. In most cases, diagnose B12 deficiency anemia. The pathological condition develops due to a violation of the mechanism of absorption of iron and vitamin B12. The disorder causes such symptoms: general weakness, aching epigastric pain after eating, pallor of the skin, dizziness and fatigue, shortness of breath.

5. Peritonitis

Inflammation of the upper globe of the abdominal cavity. This complication can occur for several reasons: infection with bacteria, damage to the peritoneum, infection with external factors. Peritonitis is characterized by acute painful sensations in the digestive tract, which are aggravated by a change in position. The body temperature rises sharply, to critical values. Attacks of nausea are accompanied by vomiting and complete loss of appetite. When these symptoms appear, urgent medical attention is required, since about 3-4 days pass from the onset of their appearance to the lethal outcome.

6. Cancer

Gastritis of a chronic form with frequent exacerbations can turn into a malignant form. The pathological process is characterized by such symptoms: a sharp loss of weight and a decrease in appetite, general weakness and headaches, epigastric discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea, or frequent constipation.

To detect malignant degeneration of the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract, a number of diagnostic procedures are performed: gastroscopy with biopsy, ultrasound, a blood test for oncomarkers, a stool test for blood and contrast radiography of the stomach. If oncology is confirmed, then they make up a therapy plan. Treatment involves surgery, in which complete or partial gastrectomy is performed with further chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

[55], [56], [57],

Diagnostics of the catarrhal gastritis

To identify inflammatory lesions of the stomach, many research methods are used. Diagnosis of catarrhal gastritis consists of:

• Collection of anamnesis and analysis of complaints - when there was a painful symptomatology, where there is discomfort, whether there is vomiting, heartburn, nausea and other signs of the disease.
• Analysis of the patient's life - the presence of the patient's chronic or hereditary diseases, bad habits. Whether there are tumoral neoplasms, predilections for acute and fatty foods and other nutritional disorders.
• Physical examination - the doctor evaluates the general condition of the patient. It establishes the presence of rashes on the skin, marked paleness of the skin and mucous membranes. Unpleasant smell from the mouth, pain in the upper abdomen, which are determined by palpation and percussion.

To more accurately identify the causes of the disorder and the mechanism of its development, conduct laboratory tests and a number of instrumental diagnostic procedures.

[58], [59], [60]

Analyzes

After collecting anamnesis and clarifying the patient's complaints, the doctor gives directions for the delivery of tests. Laboratory methods for detecting food inflammation of the stomach consist of such procedures:

• General blood analysis and biochemistry
• Studies of feces for latent blood and Helicobacter pylori
• Analysis of urine
• Research of gastric juice

After collecting the anamnesis and clarifying the patient's complaints, the doctor gives directions for such analyzes:

1. Blood test

The patient needs to submit a general analysis and blood to biochemistry. The general analysis is taken from the finger. With its help determine the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, ESR. Gastritis has no characteristic deviations from the norm, but when it is diagnosed, attention is drawn to the presence of iron deficiency, an increase in ESR, a decreased level of red blood cells and hemoglobin.

Biochemical analysis shows such results in the gastrointestinal tract: increased level of digestive enzymes, growth of acid phosphatase, increased bilirubin. Also, antibodies of blood IgG, IgA, IgM to Helicobacter pylori, indicative of bacterial damage, can be observed.

A reduced total protein and an increased amount of gamma globulin, indicates autoimmune inflammation. The indices of pepsinogen deficiency of blood I, II are precursors of atrophy and the onset of malignant process.

2. Urine and feces analysis

These laboratory tests are necessary to establish the level of fermentation and the ability to digest food, the level of acid balance and the presence of undesirable substances (fatty acids and others).

The analysis of feces is necessary for revealing the latent blood (stool of dark color). If the result is positive, an atrophic gastritis is diagnosed. Muscle fibers, digested fiber, connective tissues can be found in the test material.

3. Determination of Helicobacter pylori

Analyzes for specific antibodies IgG, IgA, IgM. Particular attention is paid to respiratory tests, which allow to identify a gram-negative bacterium. The doctor takes two samples of exhaled air from the patient, using plastic tubes. After this, the patient must take a solution of urea and continue the respiratory process. Products of respiration are sent for further diagnosis.

Specialized analyzes may also be prescribed. They are conducted to identify infectious agents of gastroenterological lesions: chlamydia, trichomonas, parasitic infestations. Based on the results of the diagnosis, the doctor makes a plan of therapy or appoints additional studies.

[61], [62], [63]

Instrumental diagnostics

A number of studies for which special tools or medical equipment are used is instrumental diagnostics. For the detection of catarrhal gastritis, the following procedures are shown:

• Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy - visual inspection of the surface of the digestive tract with the help of flexible optical instruments. With the help of FEGDS it is possible to assess the mucosal status, the prevalence of the pathological process, the presence of ulcers and erosions, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy.
• Radiography with contrasting - before the procedure the patient is given a special drug-contrast, which makes the stomach visible on the x-ray. It allows to identify tumors, erosion, ulcers, folding of the mucosa.
• Ultrasound - ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity is necessary to detect any gastrointestinal diseases.
• Biopsy of the gastric mucosa - during the FEGS, they take a piece of tissue. With the help of biopsy it is possible to assess the condition of the walls of the damaged organ, the presence of tumors, harmful microorganisms and other pathologies.

In addition to the above procedures, spiral computed tomography, electrogastroenterography, intraventricular pH-metry and manometry of the upper gastrointestinal tract can be prescribed.

Differential diagnosis

One of the important stages in the detection of gastritis is its separation from similar on symptomatic diseases. Differential diagnosis is carried out with such disorders:

• Infectious lesions.
• Disorders of the cardiovascular system.
• A peptic ulcer.
• Surgical pathologies.
• Chronic cholecystitis.
• Pancreatitis.
• Hepatitis.
• Glistovye infestations.

Fibro-esophagogastroduodenoscopy, blood tests, feces and urine are most often used for the study. The correctness of the selected treatment and the further prognosis for recovery depends on the results of differentiation.

Treatment of the catarrhal gastritis

In order for treatment of catarrhal gastritis to be effective, it is very important to establish the cause of its occurrence. Treatment is prescribed by a therapist or gastroenterologist. If the disease proceeds in a mild form, then a gastric lavage is shown to purify it of the contents. To do this, induce vomiting or take an isotonic sodium chloride solution.

To stop the attacks of the disease, a number of medications are used. Special medicines relieve spasms, eliminate nausea, vomiting, heartburn and other pathological symptoms. Also shown is diet therapy, which consists of a mild, non-irritating food. Particular attention is paid to preventive measures aimed at preventing the inflammatory process.

Medications

To treat inflammatory lesions of the digestive tract, and especially the stomach, complex therapy is indicated. Medications are selected depending on the symptoms of the disorder, stage, form and other features of its course and the body of the patient.

1. Reduced acidity - for the use of drugs that stimulate the secretory gastric function. Their mechanism of action is to stop painful symptoms, reduce the concentration of hydrochloric acid and the factors that cause it.

• Limonar

Metabolic agent, released in the form of tablets to prepare a solution for oral administration. Each capsule contains such active components: succinic acid 0.2 g, citric acid 0.05 g. The drug has antioxidant, antihypoxic and antitoxic effects. Activates tissue metabolism and oxidation-reduction reactions.

Has a wide range of applications. Most often it is prescribed to minimize the toxic effect of food or drinks taken. The symptoms of withdrawal symptoms, weakness, nausea, headaches and appetite disorders are removed. It can be used during pregnancy and before the diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract to determine the acid-forming and secretory functions of the stomach.

The tablet must be dissolved in a glass of water or juice and taken internally. The drug is best used before meals or for relief of painful symptoms in the epigastric region. The main contraindication is the intolerance of the active components. Limonar is not recommended for arterial hypertension, glaucoma, ischemia, ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract and in severe form of late gestosis of pregnant women.

• Pentagastrin

A pharmacological agent used for diagnostic purposes to assess the secretory function of the stomach. It allows to determine the acid-forming and secretory functions of the stomach. The medication is released in ampoules for subcutaneous administration. Dosage depends on the body weight and age of the patient. Side effects are manifested in the form of a short-term decrease in blood pressure, increased salivation, attacks of nausea and painful sensations in the abdominal cavity.

• Cytochrome C

The medication takes part in the processes of tissue respiration. It is used for intoxication and other pathological conditions, which are accompanied by a disturbance of oxidative processes in the body. It has two forms of release: for oral, intramuscular / intravenous administration. Contraindicated in hypersensitivity to its components. Side effects are manifested in the form of chills and fever.

Typically, the doctor prescribes several drugs, establishing a scheme of their use and duration of therapy.

2. Normal or increased acidity - drugs that eliminate heartburn and a decreased concentration of stomach acid.

• Calcium carbonate precipitated

Drug with gastric acid-reducing activity. Its main advantage is a quick action. It is used for diseases of the digestive tract with increased secretion and acidity of gastric juice. It is available in the form of a powder for the preparation of a solution for oral administration. Dosage - 0.25-1 g 2-3 times a day. With prolonged use may cause constipation.

• Sodium bicarbonate

Antacid with expectorant properties. It is used for inflammation of the stomach with increased production of hydrochloric acid, ulcerative lesions of the duodenum and stomach. Helps with catarrhal and inflammatory pathologies on the part of the respiratory system.

Produced in ampoules for injection, in the form of suppositories and tablets. With catarrhal gastritis, take 0.5-1.5 g 2 times a day. Side effect is manifested in the form of alkalization of the body. The main contraindication is poisoning with strong acids.

3. Adsorbents - are used only for mild disease and its early stages. Derive toxins and infectious agents that caused the disease.

• Enterosgel

Medication with the active substance methylsilicic acid in the form of a hydrogel. It is used for infectious-toxic diseases of the liver and kidneys. Effective with cholestasis of different genesis, gastrointestinal diseases, food and drug allergies, infectious diseases, intoxication and for the complex treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis.

Medicinal paste is taken orally. The course of treatment takes 7-14 days, in especially severe cases, therapy can be prolonged. Dosage is selected individually for each patient. Contraindications are associated with individual intolerance of the components of the drug. Side effects are manifested in the form of constipation. In case of an overdose, there may be attacks of nausea and vomiting.

• Polyphepane

The drug is an antidote, an enterosorbent, a detoxifier. The main active ingredient is hydrolytic lignin (a product of plant origin). It is used for intestinal infections, dysbacteriosis, acute diseases of unknown etiology, poisoning, intoxication of the body, stomach ulcer, gastritis, and allergic diseases.

The drug is taken orally, dissolving the granules or gel in 200 ml of purified warm water. It should be taken 1-1.5 hours before meals. Duration of treatment 3-7 days. Side effects are manifested when the components of the drug are intolerant. Most often, patients face allergic reactions, constipation, discomfort in epigastrium.

4. Antacids - are prescribed for inflammation with high acidity of gastric juice, heartburn, belching.

• Rennie

Gastroprotective, antacid. The active substance is calcium and magnesium carbonate. Getting into the stomach cavity these substances, interact with hydrochloric acid of gastric juice. This leads to the neutralization of the acid and the formation of water, water-soluble salts of calcium and magnesium. The drug is used for gastrointestinal disorders associated with high acidity, gastritis with normal and high acidity, acute duodenitis, ulcerative diseases, with heartburn and for symptomatic therapy of stomach pain.

The drug is taken on 1-2 tablets with the appearance of pathological symptoms. The maximum daily dosage is 16 tablets. Side effects are manifested in the form of skin allergic reactions, constipation, diarrhea. Rennie is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to its components. With special care is prescribed for patients with renal insufficiency and elevated levels of calcium in the blood. In case of an overdose, it is possible to develop diarrhea and hypercalcemia. These symptoms pass after the drug is discontinued, so they do not require specific therapy.

• Phosphalugel

Antacid with pronounced acid neutralizing, adsorbing and enveloping properties. Available in the form of a gel for internal use. It is used for chronic and acute gastritis, ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract, enterocolitis, acute duodenitis, proctitis, erosive lesions of the gastrointestinal mucosa, pancreatitis, heartburn.

The drug takes 2-3 packs 2-3 times a day. Contraindications: chronic renal failure, intolerance of the components of the drug, Alzheimer's disease. In case of an overdose, constipation may develop. Side effects are manifested in the form of attacks of nausea and vomiting, changes in taste sensations, allergic reactions and problems with stool.

5. Preparations to enhance the protection of the gastric mucosa - after ingestion create a protective shell, which prevents inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.

• Venter

The drug with the active substance is sucralfate-disaccharide. Accelerates the healing of peptic ulcers and prevents the development of ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa. It is used as a monotherapy for various forms of gastritis and dyspepsia of nonulcer etiology. Can be used in the complex treatment of any other erosive lesions of the digestive tract.

Produced in the form of granules and tablets for oral administration. The drug is taken one capsule before each main meal. Side effects can manifest themselves by such reactions: nausea, vomiting, increased flatulence, dry mouth, disturbed sleep and wakefulness, skin allergic reactions. Contraindications: intolerance of active components, treatment of patients younger than 4 years, as well as impaired renal and hepatic function. In case of an overdose, there is an increase in adverse reactions.

• De Nol

Antiulcer with the active substance - bismuth subcitrate. Its mechanism of action is based on the precipitation of proteins, by forming chelated compounds with them. As a result, a protective film is formed on the surface of the gastric mucosa and duodenum. The medicine is used for various diseases of the digestive tract, which are accompanied by a lesion of the mucous membrane.

De-Nol is available in the form of tablets for oral administration. Medication is taken on 4 tablets a day in 4 divided doses 30 minutes before meals. Side effects are manifested in the form of attacks of nausea and vomiting, disorders of stool and skin allergic reactions. Contraindications: pregnancy and lactation, intolerance of active ingredients, severe renal dysfunction, use of drugs with bismuth, treatment of patients younger than 14 years. In case of an overdose, there is an increase in adverse reactions. To eliminate such symptoms, the stomach is washed and enterosorbents are taken.

Vitamins

Deficiency of vitamins in the body can lead to the development of various diseases, including inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Vitamins are necessary for the normal functioning of all organs and systems, they support the protective properties of immunity, preventing the development of many diseases.

At a catarrhal gastritis it is necessary to accept such vitamins:

• PP - niacin helps normalize the process of secretion of gastric juice. Prevents diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders. Contained in porridge, meat products and fish.
• And - acts as a preventive agent for infectious diseases, which threaten internal organs, and in particular the stomach. It enters the body with cereals and dairy products.
• B5 - pantothenic acid stimulates the process of mucosal repair and exerts a potentiating effect on its motor function. Normalizes intestinal peristalsis, reducing the amount of hydrochloric acid.
• B6 - pyridoxine reduces the painful symptoms of inflammatory stomach damage, normalizes metabolic processes.
• B12 - its deficiency leads to anemia and insufficient saturation of internal organs with oxygen. This element is transported by blood throughout the body, accelerates recovery with gastritis and other pathologies of the digestive system.
• U-methionine has antiulcer activity, which is why it is excellent for treating gastritis and ulcerative lesions of the stomach. Oppressing the secretory activity of the body and has an anesthetic effect. Accelerates the regeneration process, preventing the formation of scar tissue.
• Folic acid - softens the course of inflammatory reactions in internal organs, has a general stimulating effect. Contained in the liver, spinach, cabbage.

The intake of vitamins for gastritis is necessary to saturate the body with useful trace elements. Patients are prescribed vitamin complexes and a diet rich in nutrients.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

Another method of treating gastritis is the use of various natural and artificial factors (heat, cold, electric current, ultrasound). Physiotherapeutic treatment is aimed at accelerating the recovery of the body. Such therapy is used in conjunction with other methods. As a rule, it is carried out after relief of acute forms and attacks of the disease.

Basic physiotherapy with catarrhal gastritis:

• Secretion-correcting - are directed on restoration of secretion of gastric juice and normal level of acidity. This method involves the use of secretion-stimulating techniques (hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium-calcium drinking water) and secretion (sodium sulfate-magnesium drinking water).
• Anti-inflammatory procedures - low-intensity UHF therapy, local cryotherapy.
• Spasmolytic methods - paraffinotherapy, galvanization of the stomach, intraorganic electrophoresis of antispasmodics.
• Sedative procedures - coniferous and nitrogen baths, galvanization of the collar zone.
• Immunomodulating methods are high-frequency magnetotherapy of the thymus, low-frequency CMV therapy of the umbilicar region.

All of the above procedures are performed according to the appointment of a physiotherapist. Treatment takes place in sanatorium-resort complexes or hydropathic institutions.

Alternative treatment

Due to the ineffectiveness of traditional methods of treatment of gastritis, many patients choose alternative treatment. This type of therapy involves the use of natural herbal ingredients with medicinal properties. Let's consider the effective recipes, allowing to eliminate an inflammation of a mucous stomach:

• Take the peeled potatoes 1 pc. And grind it with a grater or a blender. Squeeze the juice and take it in the morning before eating. The procedure should be carried out within 10 days.
• 40 g of leaves of plantain pour 250 ml of hot water and let it brew for 8-10 hours. Then strain the liquid through the cheesecloth. Infusion should be taken 2-3 times a day for 30 minutes before meals, diluting 2 tablespoons of medicine in ½ cup of water. Duration of therapy is 28-30 days.
• Add linseed oil to food and eat flax seeds. This has a beneficial effect on the condition of the gastric mucosa. Handful of seeds pour a glass of warm water and leave to infuse for the night. In the morning, drink the formed jelly. Medicinal properties and has sea buckthorn oil, which is also recommended to add to the diet as a seasoning.
• Take 50 g of chopped celandine and mix it with 150 g of honey. The first two days, take the drug 1 teaspoon per day, for the next five days - 3-4 spoons a day.

Before using alternative methods of medicine, you should consult a gastroenterologist, as some recipes can exacerbate the disease.

[64], [65], [66], [67]

Herbal Treatment

Another option of non-traditional approach in the therapy of many diseases is the treatment with herbs. To eliminate the catarrhal form of inflammation of the digestive tract, recommended such recipes:

• Take in equal proportions the flowers of chamomile, leaves of mytita, St. John's wort and millennial. Pour the herbal mixture into a thermos and pour boiling water. Allow to infuse for 10-12 hours, then strain and take 1/3 cup 2-3 times a day.
• Take one piece of mint leaves, watch leaves, millennia grass and two pieces of fennel fruit. Pour the ingredients with hot water and boil in a water bath for 30 minutes. Strain, take ½ cup 2-3 times a day for 30 minutes before a meal.
• Take two parts of the herb St. John's wort, millennia, the rhizome of the gentian, three parts of the leaves of chicory and four parts of the grass of the lamb. Thoroughly mix all ingredients and pour 1 liter of cold water. The agent should be infused overnight. In the morning strain, and take ½ cup 30 minutes before meals 3-4 times a day.
• Take in equal proportions the plant raw materials of the rhizome of aira, the leaves of the watch, the peel of the orange and wormwood. Pour all the ingredients with a glass of boiling water and place in a thermos. The medicine should be infused for 12 hours, after which it should be filtered and take ½ cup 3 times daily before meals.

During treatment with herbs, special attention should be given to the correct proportion of the medicinal components. Since non-compliance with the formulation can cause overdose symptoms and other negative reactions from many organs and systems.

Homeopathy

An alternative treatment for many diseases is homeopathy. To eliminate catarrhal inflammation of the stomach, such drugs are shown:

• Arsenicum album 3, 6 - is used for deep and erosive lesions, relieves painful symptoms and increased thirst.
• Antimonium krudum 3 - minimizes dyspeptic phenomena (nausea, heartburn, belching). Promotes the restoration of the damaged organ.
• Belladonna ZX, 3 - is shown in acute gastritis, which is accompanied by fever, fever and general excitation of the body.
• Ipecacuano ZX, 3 - used for superficial gastritis. Reduces attacks of nausea and vomiting. Helps with vomiting with blood and internal bleeding.
• Camphor ruby 2X, 3X - is prescribed for acute gastritis with high acidity, belching, acid reflux, acidic vomiting.

All homeopathic remedies are selected by the homeopath physician after examining the patient and acquaintance with the history of his illness. The doctor prescribes the dosage of the drugs and the duration of their use. Self-use of homeopathic remedies is dangerous for life.

Operative treatment

Often, neglected forms of catarrhal gastritis lead to serious complications, for the elimination of which surgical treatment is indicated. Surgical intervention is indicated in the development of gastric cancer, malignant tumors, chronic ulcers with suspicion of their malignancy, as well as in decompensated stenosis of the pylorus.

Most often, a resection is performed, that is, removal of a part of the affected organ, in this case the stomach. Complete removal and connection of the esophagus with the intestine is a gastrectomy. This is the most radical method of surgical treatment. After the operation, the patient will have a long rehabilitation, aimed at restoring the normal functioning of the body.

Diet for catarrhal gastritis

One of the main conditions for treating any form and stage of inflammation of the stomach is a diet. With catarrhal gastritis, a gentle diet is recommended. Without a therapeutic diet, the process of repairing the damaged mucosa is very long and difficult. In addition, the risk of recurrence of the disease increases.

The diet implies a complete rejection of such products:

• Fatty, fried, spicy, smoked, pickled, salted.
• Products that cause increased secretion of gastric juices: alcohol, carbonated beverages, legumes, cabbage, sausage.
• Too hot and cold food.

During treatment, fractional meals are recommended, which means eating at the same time (5-6 meals per day). All the food must be thoroughly chewed, because rough pieces of food, getting into the stomach, injure it. Eat slowly, not hurrying.

Special attention should be paid to sour-milk products, fruit and vegetable purees, fruit juices, steamed poultry or rabbit meat, fish. With special care, the diet should be observed in the period of exacerbation of the disease, after the transferred stress or in the seasons of increased weakening of the organism.

[68], [69]

Prevention

Any disease, especially gastritis, is much easier to prevent than cure. Prevention is to comply with these recommendations:

• Give up harmful food, which causes irritation of the mucosa. Prefer to cook steamed, baked or boiled foods. Watch for the quality of the food you eat.
• Very often, problems with the stomach arise due to non-compliance with the diet. Stick to the principle of fractional nutrition, eat by the hour and in small portions. Do not overeat and do not make big breaks between meals.
• Refuse bad habits. Low-quality alcohol, like its frequent use, can cause inflammation of the gastric mucosa or chemical burn. This applies to smoking, getting into the stomach, tobacco smoke provokes its irritation and aggravates the inflammatory process.
• In time, treat any diseases, even if they at first glance have nothing to do with the gastrointestinal tract. The body is a single system, so the damage to some organs can lead to many other pathologies.
• Stick to physical activity, but avoid overexertion. This will keep the body in good shape and tone.
• Monitor the intake of medications, especially if they have a negative effect on the mucosa. If necessary, take additional medications that protect the stomach.

Prophylaxis is necessary for everyone, regardless of whether you suffer from gastritis or not. Do not refuse routine examinations with a doctor. A timely disease will allow to begin its treatment and relieve of possible consequences and complications.

Forecast

Catarrhal gastritis has a favorable prognosis. With timely treatment begun, the disease quickly ends with complete recovery of the damaged organ and recovery of the patient. Running forms of inflammation have a less positive outcome, since without medical assistance can lead to oncological pathologies that are fatal.