Calcium preparations for menopause

It's no secret that older people have more fragile bones than younger ones. And this is not an accident. The fact is that to keep the necessary amount of calcium in the body every year becomes more difficult, and its costs are increasing. In women, the matter is complicated by a special period called menopause. Decreased estrogen production at the age of 40-50 years leads to the fact that the absorption of calcium, which enters the body of a woman with food, is markedly inhibited, resulting in bones suffering. Calcium preparations in menopause make it possible to fill the deficiency of this important trace element, while their composition is selected in such a way that calcium assimilation was maximum.

Where does calcium go?

First let's figure out why we are so worried about the loss of calcium, what do we lose? Calcium is one of the most important micronutrients, without which a person would differ little from the simplest microorganisms. After all, our skeleton is formed largely thanks to calcium, which in the body of a young man is about 1.5-2.2 kg.

So, 99% of the calcium in the body goes to the formation of the skeleton. But this does not mean that the remaining calcium is useless. This 1% manages to regulate the acid-base balance in the body, participate in the process of blood coagulation, influence the metabolic processes, normalizing the exchange of water, salts and carbohydrates.

Without the participation of calcium, many important processes in the body can not be avoided. For example, muscle contraction and hormone production, the work of the nervous system and the maintenance of enzyme activity. Thanks to calcium, the walls of the vessels have a limited permeability, and teeth, hair and nails retain their strength. That's for all these needs of the body and calcium is expended.

Some will say that there is nothing wrong with losing calcium, because there are many foods that contain this micronutrient, which means that calcium deficiency can be avoided. Perhaps they are right when it comes to young women whose annual loss of calcium does not exceed 1%. The exception is only the period of pregnancy, when the female body has to share calcium with the baby growing inside it.

With menopause, the cause of calcium loss is slightly different. Here to all the fault of estrogens, which, alas, is not enough for the normal absorption of calcium from food. The loss of calcium during this period rises to 4-5% and it is almost impossible to replenish it without the help of calcium preparations with menopause. You can have chopped eggshells with spoons and kilograms of chalk, but, except for kidney problems, this will lead to nothing. After all, to deliver calcium into the body is small, you need help with its assimilation.

Phosphates, carbonates, calcium oxalates obtained by the body with food are hardly soluble compounds, and their organism can often not be processed. This is especially noticeable with menopause, when the body is deprived of the main assistant regulating calcium metabolism, estrogen.

Symptoms of calcium deficiency

The fact that the situation with the absorption of calcium is complicated during the menopause, does not mean that unpleasant symptoms will appear in the first few days or months. It all depends on whether there was a certain lack of Ca in the body of a woman before the onset of menopause or whether she took care of her health beforehand, regularly consuming enough calcium-containing foods at a young age, and also whether the woman has concomitant diseases that result in significant calcium quantity is excreted in the urine.

The human body closely watches to ensure that the optimal dose of calcium is maintained in the blood. The situation when the concentration of calcium falls below 2.2 millimoles per liter of blood becomes a kind of "SOS" signal, to which the body reacts in a special way. Trying to fill the deficiency of Ca in the blood, he takes this important mineral from the teeth, hair, nails, bones, where this trace element was present in sufficient quantity. As a result, the teeth and nails begin to crumble, the hair becomes brittle and falls out, the bones lose their former strength, which leads to frequent fractures and disabilities.

If you do not use calcium in your menopause, this can lead to serious health problems, such as:

• diseases characterized by a marked curvature of the vertebral column (scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis),
• muscle spasms,
• heart rhythm disorder (arrhythmia),
• increased blood pressure,
• anxiety and nervousness,
• problems with memory,

The fact that the body lacks calcium is indicated by such symptoms:

• frequent muscle cramps,
• light tingling or pain in the area of tongue and lips,
• tingling or incomprehensible pain in the fingers and toes,
• labored breathing due to spasm of the muscles of the larynx,
• active loss of teeth and hair, brittleness and delamination of nails
• frequent fractures of bones due to the development of osteoporosis.

In principle, most often it is not necessary to expect the appearance of the above symptoms, calcium deficiency can be easily identified by laboratory analysis. A blood test plus an ECG (due to impaired conduction in the heart of electrical impulses) will very quickly help determine the pathology. Therefore, if a woman regularly undergoes a medical examination and complies with the doctor's instructions, she will not face serious consequences due to a deficit of Sa.

Indications of the calcium preparations with menopause

According to the rules, so that there are no problems in old age, take care of yourself is still in his youth. The use of a sufficient number of different types of cabbage, turnips, a variety of seafood, milk and dairy products will help maintain the optimal balance of calcium in the body. If a woman sits on low-calorie diets, or for a number of reasons, her diet is limited, the body begins to lack Ca, which after a while (sometimes quite a long time) turns into serious problems. For example, in osteoporosis with progressive destruction of bone tissue.

Here, calcium preparations come to the rescue, which, by the way, are used not only for menopause and deficiency of Ca caused by malnutrition. Indications for the use of calcium preparations are broader, this is:

• Some CNS diseases, such as depression or apathy,
• diseases of the cardiovascular system,
• period of active growth of the musculoskeletal system (children and adolescence),
• the period of childbearing and breastfeeding for the formation of the skeleton and neuromuscular tissue in the child, as well as for replenishment of calcium stores in the body of the mother,
• prevention and treatment of certain pathologies affecting the musculoskeletal system, the most common of which is osteoporosis.
• strengthening of teeth and gums (for preventive purposes, as well as in the complex treatment of caries and periodontitis),
• the normalization of the state with accelerated growth,
• maintenance of calcium balance in men over 50 years and prevention of osteoporosis in women older than 40,
• treatment and prevention of fractures,
• treatment of rickets and other disorders of vitamin D metabolism,
• therapy of hypoparathyroidism (violation of phosphoric-calcium metabolism),
• hyperphosphataemia (high level of phosphates in the blood),
• long-term treatment with drugs that promote the removal of Ca from the body (corticosteroids, antiepileptic drugs, diuretics),
• pathology, in which there is frequent urination or diarrhea,
• prolonged observance of bed rest, as a result of which the balance of Ca,
• as an antidote for poisoning with oxalic acid, magnesium salts and fluoric acid.

The intake of calcium preparations is justified also with some other pathologies: allergic manifestations, various bleedings, dystrophy on the background of pronounced energy insufficiency. And also with asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis, a sharp jump in pressure in pregnant and maternity wards, inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis), liver damage against the background of general intoxication of the body.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]

Release form

The names of calcium preparations prescribed for menopause for the prevention and treatment of the deficiency of this trace element in the body and the symptoms associated with it, most often speak for themselves. The word "calcium" in one form or another is present literally in all names of the mentioned preparations: "Calcium gluconate", "Calcium", "Calcium D3 Nycomed", "Mountain calcium D3", "Natekal D3", "Vitrum calcium", "Calcimax "," Miakaltsik "," Calcitrine "," Calcitonin ".

But if we are talking about the treatment of osteoporosis, which is developing on the basis of a lack or poor assimilation of calcium in menopause, the names of the calcium preparations may be far from the name of the active substance itself: Alostine, Osteomed, Osteover, Oxidevit, Osteogenon "," Veprena "," Bonviva "," Actonel ", etc.

Tablets are the main and most common form of release of calcium preparations. It is in this form that they are prescribed for the prevention and treatment of calcium deficiency in menopause. The preparation "Calcium gluconate", as well as medicines for the treatment of osteoporosis, is also available as an injection solution or powder, and sometimes even as a nasal spray, but such forms are more suitable for the treatment of the corresponding pathologies, including those caused by calcium deficiency, than for its prevention . Thus, the injection of "Calcium Gluconate" is indicated for allergies, skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema, furunculosis, etc.), as well as as an antidote for poisoning or a blood-restoring remedy, parathyroid gland disorders, diabetes, etc.

Vitamin and mineral supplements with calcium

Let us consider in more detail which calcium preparations belonging to the group of vitamin-mineral supplements are the most popular in the prevention and therapy of calcium deficiency in the body with menopause.

"Calcium gluconate" - the very first of the appeared on the domestic market and the cheapest mineral supplement to the basic diet. Let it not be the most effective, but it is available to wide sections of the country's population as a preventive remedy for diseases associated with a lack of calcium in the body.

This is a one-component preparation, the active ingredient of which is calcium gluconate. Take it, like other calcium-containing drugs, doctors advise, pre-grinding the tablets to the state of small crumbs or powder. Dosage of the drug in menopause is set individually, based on the needs of the body, and ranges from 2 to 6 tablets (1 to 3 g) at one time. Multiplicity of the drug is 2-3 times a day. Take the tablets better before meals or after one or one and a half hours after a meal.

The intake of this drug is better combined with vitamin supplements containing vitamin D, which will have a beneficial effect on the assimilation of Ca.

This seemingly simplest and generally safe preparation has enough contraindications to use. This increased content of Ca in the blood and urine (hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria), the formation of calcium-containing kidney stones against the background of the above pathologies, the formation of nodules (granulomas) in various organs, which is characteristic of sarcosidosis. Parallel reception of calcium gluconate and cardiac glycosides is not permissible, since such incorrect therapy increases the risk of arrhythmia.

Drug interaction with other drugs is often reduced to the fact that "Calcium gluconate" with the simultaneous intake or reduces the effectiveness of certain drugs (tetracycline antibiotics, calcitonin, phenytoin), or slows down their absorption (iron preparations for oral administration, digoxin, tetracyclines), or increases the toxicity of drugs (quinidine).

Possessing a long shelf life (5 years), the preparation does not require special storage conditions. It perfectly retains its properties at room temperature and low humidity.

"Calcium" (forms "Calcemin" and "Calcium Advance") is already a multicomponent drug, enriched with vitamin D and citric acid, increasing the bioavailability of Ca, as well as useful minerals: magnesium, zinc, boron, manganese, copper, regulating calcium-phosphorus metabolism in the tissues of bones. Ca in its composition is present in the form of carbonate and citrate. The first salt saturates the body with Ca ions, and the second enhances their bioavailability regardless of the health of the gastrointestinal tract.

The way of application and dosage of calcium preparations "Calcemin" and "Calcemin advance", used in menopause for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, do not differ from each other. The daily dose is 2 tablets, which are taken in 2 sets (for example, in the morning and in the evening). Take tablets better before meals, but let us also accept them during meals. You do not need to grind tablets.

If the dosage of drugs is a constant value, the duration of therapy may vary depending on the patient's condition.

Contraindications to the use of the drug strictly overlap with the contraindications noted in the description of "Calcium gluconate."

When an overdose of "Calcemin" and "Calcemin advance" drugs may develop hypervitaminosis (increased concentration of vitamin D), as well as increased levels of calcium in the blood and urine. Treatment of the condition is reduced to the elimination of calcium preparations and gastric lavage.

Interaction with other drugs can be both beneficial (reduces the toxicity of vitamin A), and undesirable. For example, barbiturates, steroid hormones and phenytoin can significantly reduce the effect of vitamin D, and laxatives slow the process of its absorption into the blood.

Absorption of Ca ions is prevented by glucocorticoids, levothyroxine and hormonal contraceptives. And the "Calcemin" itself can disrupt the absorption of tetracycline drugs and sodium fluoride and increase the toxicity of cardiac glycosides.

Caution should also be observed when using diuretics at the same time, since some of them (thiazide) are able to cause hypercalcemia, while others ("loop") - provoke Ca loss by increasing the excretion of it by the kidneys.

Do not apply "Calcemin" and with the simultaneous therapy of calcium channel blockers and antacids containing aluminum.

"Calcium D3 Nycomed" - a preparation of calcium in the form of chewable tablets with orange or mint flavor. The main active ingredients are calcium carbonate and vitamin D ₃.

Take the pill before or during meals. It is desirable to dissolve tablets, but it is also possible to chew. During the menopause for the prevention of osteoporosis, it is recommended to take 1 tablet twice a day, for the treatment of bone destruction (as part of complex therapy) - 1 tablet 2 to 3 times a day.

In addition to the contraindications for use, described for the preparations "Calcium gluconate" and "Calcemin", the preparation "Calcium D3" has its contraindications associated with its composition. These include: hypersensitivity to foods that contain peanuts or soy, severe cases of kidney failure, active tuberculosis, phenylketonuria, intolerance to sorbitol, isomalt and sucrose.

When an overdose of the drug requires its withdrawal and measures for cleaning the stomach from the components of the drug.

The drug interaction with other drugs is identical to that described in the instructions to the mineral supplement "Calcemin".

Shelf life of this drug, as well as the preparation "Calcemin", is 3 years provided it is stored in a room with a room temperature not exceeding 25 degrees and low humidity.

"Natekal D3" can be considered a drug analogue of the previous drug with the same active substances that fill the lack of Ca in the body and inhibit the production of parathyroid hormone responsible for bone resorption (destruction). The drug belongs to the group of regulators of calcium-phosphorus metabolism.

"Natekal D3" is also produced in the form of chewable tablets, which can be chewed or resorbed. To take them for prophylactic purposes it is necessary together with food 1 or 2 times a day in an amount of 1-2 pieces. The therapeutic dosage and duration of therapy is established by the attending physician.

Among the contraindications to use is intolerance to sucrose, the parallel intake of large doses of vitamin D, urolithiasis, the presence of metastasis of tumors in the bones, osteoporosis that develops against a background of prolonged restriction of movements, severe impairment of kidney function. Contraindications, described with respect to other calcium preparations, used for menopause in prophylactic purposes, are also relevant.

Shelf life of this drug is relatively small and is only 2 years from the date of release. Keep it at a temperature not exceeding 30 degrees.

"Vitrum calcium with vitamin D3" is an analogue of the above-described preparation, which is available in the form of usual tablets, which should be taken one to one or two times during the day, but not more than 4 pieces. In a day. Shelf life is 3 years.

"Mountain calcium D3" is a preparation in which not only vitamin D is responsible for the digestibility of Ca, but also a mummy, which also improves the entire mineral composition of bones.

Take the drug 2 tablets twice a day. This is recommended when eating.

The drug is not prescribed for hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, in particular to the mummy, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Excellent reviews in terms of prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in menopause have won the drug "Calcimax", in which Ca is in the form of hydroxyapatite, digestibility of which is higher than that of gluconates and carbonates. In addition, the preparation is enriched with minerals useful for bones and whole organism (magnesium, silicon, manganese, boron, zinc, chromium) and vitamins D and C.

Take the drug in the form of capsules for the prevention of osteoporosis with menopause is recommended 2 times a day for 1 capsule. This should be done about an hour before meals or just before bedtime.

Contraindications to the use of the drug are: a tendency to thrombosis, severe forms of arteriosclerosis of the vessels, an increased content of Ca in the body.

Store the drug at room temperature not more than 3 years.

Side effects of calcium preparations administered with menopause are not full of variety. Usually they arise against an overdose or hypersensitivity to the components of the drugs taken.

Reception of calcium preparations is sometimes accompanied by such unpleasant symptoms as nausea, constipation or diarrhea, headaches, a strong increase in the content of Ca in the body (usually occurs in overdose or incorrect dose administration and treated by prolonged administration of calcitonin for 6 hours), reactions associated with irritating effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Against the background of hypersensitivity, allergic reactions can occur in the form of skin rashes. Heavy reactions, accompanied by coma, are extremely rare.

During the intake of calcium preparations, it is recommended to monitor the concentration of Ca in the blood and urine by passing laboratory tests.

[9], [10], [11], [12], [13]

Other drugs for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in menopause

Among the popular drugs for the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis, which develops against a background of calcium deficiency during the menopause, it is worth mentioning "Miakaltsik" and "Calcitonin". The active substance of both drugs is a synthetic hormone of hypocalcemic action - calcitonin, extracted from salmon. This hormone can reduce the level of calcium in the blood, preventing symptoms of hypercalcemia, and stimulate its accumulation in bone tissue.

Both drugs are available in the form of solutions for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection and nasal spray with medicinal action.

The method of application and dose of calcium preparations containing calcitonin, which is effective for the treatment of osteoporosis in menopause, is determined by the attending physician, based on the diagnosis, condition and physiological characteristics of the patient's body. Thus, in case of osteoporosis, the effective therapeutic dose of Miakaltsik can be 50 or 100 IU. Enter the drug subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

The dosage of the preparation "Calcitonin" is calculated on the basis of the standard 5 or 10 IU per kilogram of the patient's weight, which is divided into 2 doses.

In the form of a spray, the drug is used in a dosage of 200 IU for the Miakaltsik preparation and 100-400 IU for Calcitonin.

Contraindications to the use of these drugs are: decreased calcium content in the body, pregnancy and lactation periods, as well as increased sensitivity to the active substance. The spray is inexpedient to use in rhinitis of various etiologies.

Both drugs have multiple side effects from various organs and body systems. The most common: increased symptomatology of menopause (hot flashes and swelling), lowering blood pressure, changing taste sensations, joint pain for no apparent reason, allergic reactions.

When parenteral administration of the drug may occur: nausea and vomiting, head and stomach pain, visual disturbances, cough, muscle pain, soreness and redness at the injection site.

Use of the spray can be accompanied by dry nasal mucosa, nasal bleeding, runny nose, sneezing.

The shelf life of Miacaltsik and Calcitonin is 5 and 3 years, respectively. On the storage conditions for various forms of drugs can be found from the instructions to them.

If the intake of vitamin-mineral supplements does not require special control by the attending physician, then taking medications for osteoporosis, whether regulators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism or inhibitors of bone resorption, should be strictly supervised by the attending physician.

"Heavy Artillery" in Struggle for Strength of Bones

If the therapy with calcium-containing drugs and calcium metabolism regulators does not produce the expected results, inhibitors of bone resorption help stop the process of bone tissue destruction. Especially popular in this regard are nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, whose action is aimed at preventing loss of bone mass.

One of the most popular drugs of this class is the drug on the basis of ibandronate sodium (ibandronic acid) Bonviva. Its action is based on inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts without affecting their number. The drug does not have a negative effect on the formation of new cells of bone tissue, but significantly inhibits the process of its destruction. It is indicated as a preventive measure against fractures accompanying women during the postmenopausal period.

And although the drug "Bonviva" is not a calcium preparation for menopause in the literal sense of the word, the action of ibandronic acid in its composition is similar to the action of hydroxyapatite calcium (remember the drug "Calcimax"). It speeds up the process of renewal of bone tissue and increases its mass. In this case, ibandronate sodium does not have a carcinogenic effect and does not cause a mutation in the cell structure. Its action does not lead to a violation of the mineralization of bones.

Forms of the drug: tablets with a dosage of 150 mg (1 or 3 per pack) and 2.5 mg (28 pieces), injection solution in a syringe tube with a needle.

The drug "Bonviva" is a rather expensive treat, but if you take into account the fact that 150 mg tablets are taken once a month, a large number of women who reach the age when the menopause begins to negatively affect the condition of the bones of the skeleton can afford it; zealously watching their health.

Tablets with a dosage of 150 mg should be taken on the same day of each calendar month, and with a dosage of 2.5 mg - daily. It is advisable to take tablets half an hour before the morning meal. Tablets are not recommended to chew, they are swallowed whole, washed down with a glass of ordinary water to reduce the negative effect on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.

The peculiarity of taking the drug is that during taking the tablets and within an hour after it, the patient is not allowed to take a horizontal position, i. E. To lie down.

Injection (intravenous) administration of the drug according to indications is carried out once a quarter (90 days). Doing an injection is recommended in a hospital, using a syringe with a single solution.

Acceptance of the drug may be accompanied by the following side effects: dizziness, joint and headaches, runny nose and some symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection, manifestations of gastritis, disorders of stool in the form of diarrhea, increased blood pressure, depression, atypical fractures, depression, etc. Allergic manifestations urticaria, face swelling, back pain, insomnia, increased fatigue.

Reactions from the gastrointestinal tract are often observed against an overdose of the drug, if the frequency of taking 150 mg tablets is more than 1 time per week (recommended once in 4 weeks!). In case of an overdose, it is recommended to use milk and administer antacid therapy.

A little less in the preparation of contraindications to the use, which must be taken into account when prescribing an effective course of therapy with menopause. These include the lack of calcium in the body, disruption of the esophagus, expressed in the delay of its emptying (stricture, achalasia), the inability to be in a horizontal position during and for an hour after taking the tablets, lactase deficiency or galactose intolerance, severe cases of kidney failure, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, pregnancy and lactation.

With caution appoint the drug for various pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.

When prescribing the drug "Bonviva", you need to take into account the drug interaction with other drugs. So the parallel intake of this medicine and calcium preparations (as well as those containing aluminum, iron or magnesium) will noticeably weaken the absorption of ibandronic acid, so it is recommended first to raise the calcium level in the body and then continue the therapy with sodium ibandronate.

To reduce the negative effect on the gastric mucosa, it is not recommended to take both Bonviva and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at the same time.

But the solution of "Ranitidine", which is administered intravenously, can increase bioavailability of the main active substance of the drug "Bonviva" by almost 20%.

Keep the drug in tablets can be up to 5 years, while the shelf life of the injection solution is only 2 years, provided that any form of the drug is stored at a temperature of not more than 30 degrees.

Pharmacodynamics

For the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, as the most common pathology in menopause, 3 types of calcium preparations are used:

• vitamin-mineral complexes, rich in calcium and vitamin D, saturating the body with Ca ions and improving the metabolic processes taking place with their participation,
• drugs that regulate calcium metabolism in the body and stop the process of bone destruction,
• hormonal drugs that prevent rapid growth of bones in menopause.

Pharmacodynamics of 1 type of calcium preparations is based on the properties of the main active substance, which is Ca in the form of various compounds. Vitamin-mineral supplements, both single-component and with a rich complex of useful substances, are used in those cases when the concentration of Ca ions in the blood is below normal values, even if this condition has not yet caused noticeable health disorders.

Calcium compounds in these preparations fill the lack of this trace element in the human body, they reduce the permeability of the vascular walls and edema due to the exit of the liquid part of the blood (plasma and shaped elements) through the walls of small capillaries, stop inflammation and allergic attacks, stop bleeding,

Calcium ions help strengthen the teeth and bones of the skeleton, being for them the main building material. Ca in the composition of vitamin-mineral complexes regulates the permeability of cell membranes and is responsible for the rate of transmission of nerve impulses. He is responsible for muscle contractions, including the work of the heart muscle - the myocardium.

The mechanism of action of preparations of the second group is slightly different. They are aimed not only at replenishing Ca in the body, but at improving its digestibility and activating the functions assigned to it.

There are also other useful properties of these drugs, which makes them indispensable in the treatment of osteoporosis, which develops during menopause and postmenopause. During the life of a person, the bones constantly undergo changes, they grow and are updated.

In a young organism, the processes of destruction and renewal of bone tissue are compensated, and therefore their structure remains relatively constant. In women after 40 years, the process of tissue destruction, for which special osteoclast cells respond, prevails over the restorative processes provided by osteoblasts. So the drugs of the 2-nd group act on these very "destructive" osteoclasts, significantly reducing their activity, as a result of which the resorption (destruction) of bone tissue stops.

Pharmacodynamics of the 3 groups of drugs is significantly different from the 2 previous ones. Reduction of bone tissue density is also observed with the active formation of bones under the influence of female sex hormones. It is for this reason during the menopause that women are diagnosed with a low density of bone material. The situation can be corrected with the help of special hormonal drugs prescribed at menopause, which stop excessive growth of bones due to the normalization of the hormonal background in menopause, thereby preventing the development of osteoporosis during the postmenopause.

[14], [15], [16], [17]

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of drugs of different groups depends on the substances that make up the medicines. Calcium itself is absorbed mainly in the small intestine, after which it enters the blood and is delivered to various organs and systems of the body. A small portion of Ca (up to 30%) enters the systemic circulation from the digestive tube.

The inclusion of vitamin D in calcium supplements is due to the fact that this component improves the absorption of Ca in the body, and trace elements such as magnesium, phosphorus and sodium improve the phosphorus-calcium metabolism in the bones, which is more important than simply saturating the body with calcium. Among other things, magnesium also contributes to the retention of useful mineral elements in bone tissue.

It is deduced Са from an organism with participation of kidneys, intestines and sweat glands, deducing of vitamin D are engaged mainly in kidneys and an intestine.

Biofosfonaty in the inhibitors of bone resorption prevents the leaching of Ca from the body. They contribute to the compaction of bone tissue.

The synthetic or natural sex hormones contained in hormonal preparations stimulate not only sexual and reproductive function in women, they also affect other processes in the body, including growth and regeneration of bone tissue. In this regard, their use is relevant in menopause, when the natural production of hormones in the body is disrupted.

[18], [19]

The balance of hormones and the health of the bone system of a woman during menopause

The period of menopause is characterized by certain changes in the hormonal background of the female body. The violation of the hormonal balance negatively affects the general well-being of the woman during the menopause, and on the condition of her body in subsequent years.

Very bad with the bone system. Reduction in the production of sex hormones by the ovaries leads to an acceleration of bone metabolism, accompanied by a loss of bone substance. Density of bones decreases, they become brittle, prone to fractures and other injuries. In old age, this condition is manifested by the development of osteoporosis.

To prevent the process of weakening bones in menopause, it is not enough to restrict ourselves to taking calcium supplements that compensate for its deficiency in the body. It is also necessary to correct the metabolic processes in the body with the help of special preparations, so that the calcium intake is beneficial.

Such drugs, which allow normalizing the hormonal background and metabolic processes in the body of a woman during the menopause include Klimen, Proginova, Sinestrol, etc. The benefits of taking such medications are obvious, but this does not mean that they can be prescribed for themselves independently without medical examination by an endocrinologist and special analysis for hormones.

The health of the bone system of a woman during menopause depends on many factors that must be taken into account when prescribing effective treatment. And yet the main role in preventing the destruction of bones is given to calcium preparations, which according to doctors are simply irreplaceable in menopause. Calcium deficiency during menopause with all its peculiarities can not be compensated only by food products rich in this valuable trace element. And even adding vitamin D and citric acid to the diet that improve calcium absorption can not solve the problem as effectively as specialized drugs do.