Vaccination against tetanus

Infection with tetanus occurs with contamination of the wounds, which is favored by the presence of necrotic tissues, newborns are infected through the umbilical wound; The clinic reflects the action of the neurotoxin. The tetanus vaccination creates individual immunity and immunological memory, so in case of injury a booster dose of the vaccine is used in place of the tetanus antiserum horse serum.

The WHO Regional Office for Europe aims to eliminate tetanus of newborns by 2005 or earlier. The incidence of tetanus in Russia is reduced to single cases of tetanus of newborns. In developing countries, for the prevention of neonatal tetanus, double vaccination of pregnant women, ie one inoculation against tetanus and a second booster vaccination.

Preparations for emergency tetanus prophylaxis

For emergency prevention, both monovalent anatoxin and immunoglobulins are used.

Anatoxin tetanus purified adsorbed (Microgen, Russia) - tetanus toxoid, which contains in 1 ml of 20 EC, is released in ampoules of 1 ml (2 doses).

Immunoglobulin antitetanus human POCCHI - ampoules of 250 and 500 ME. (Microgen, Russia and Sichuan Yuanda Shuyan, China - TD Allergen).

Anti-tetanus horse purified peptidum serum, (Russia) - PSS - in ampoules of 3000 IU (1 dose).

Shelf life: tetanus toxoid and antitetanus serum - 3 years, PSCHI - 2 years, stored at 2-8 ° C

Emergency post-exposure prophylaxis

Carried out with injuries with violation of the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes, frostbite and burns 2-4th degree, out-of-hospital abortions and childbirth, gangrene and tissue necrosis, penetrating injuries of the gastrointestinal tract, animal bites.

Emergency specific tetanus prophylaxis

Preceded vaccinations	Age	Term after vaccination	The anti-tetanus anti-tetanus drugs of the last AC1 (mL) of PSI2 or PSS (ME)
Documents on vaccinations are
Full course of vaccinations in accordance with age 3	Children and teens	Any term	Do not enter 4	Do not inject
The course of routine vaccinations without the last age-related revaccination	Children and teens	Any term	0.5 ml	Do not inject
Full immunization course 5	Adults	<5 years > 5 years	Do not inject 0.5 ml	Do not inject Do not inject
Two vaccinations 6	All ages	<5 years > 5 years	0.5 ml 1.0 ml	Do not enter 7 250 or 3000 8
One inoculation	All ages	<5 years > 5 years	0.5 ml 1.0 ml	Do not enter 7 250 or 3000 8
Not vaccinated	<5 months. > 5 months.		Do not inject 1.0 ml	250 or 3000 8 250 or 3000 8
There is no documentary evidence of previous vaccinations
The vaccine history is unknown, there were no contraindications to vaccinations	<5 months. > 5 months, teenagers, servicemen, incl. Former		Do not inject 0.5 ml	250 or 3000 Do not enter 7
Other contingents	All ages		1.0 ml	250 or Z000 8

Notes:

1. In case of emergency prophylaxis of tetanus, it is possible to use ADS-M.
2. It is more preferable to administer POCI, if this drug is not available, antitetanus serum should be administered.
3. 3 This also applies to children and adolescents who were vaccinated outside the calendar but who received revaccination: regular routine or emergency revaccinations for injuries should be done no more often than once in 5 years.
4. In infected wounds, if after more than 5 years of revaccination, 0.5 ml of tetanus toxoid is injected.
5. The full course of immunization of AS for adults consists of two inoculations of 0.5 ml each with an interval of 30-40 days and a booster at 6-12 months. The same dose. With a shortened schedule, the full course of immunization includes a single inoculation from tetanus toxoid tetanus in a doubled dose (1 ml) by booster at 6-12 months. A dose of 0.5 ml.
6. Two inoculations according to the usual immunization schedule (for adults and children) and one inoculation with a reduced immunization schedule for adults.
7. When infected wounds are injected with PSI or PSS.
8. All persons who received active-passive prophylaxis to complete the course of immunization and to exclude the need to re-introduce MSS in 6-12 months. 0.5 ml tetanus toxoid should be revaccinated.

Before the introduction of tetanus antiserum, an intradermal sample with a diluted 1: 100 serum - 0.1 ml (located in the box with the drug - is marked in red) must be placed. Persons with a positive skin test (diameter of the edema and hyperemia 1 cm or more), the introduction of tetanus antitraum is contraindicated. Persons with a negative test are injected subcutaneously with 0.1 ml of undiluted serum and in the absence of reaction after 30 minutes the rest of the dose. You should have a syringe with adrenaline on hand.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7],

Vaccination reactions and complications after tetanus vaccination

The introduction of tetanus toxoid can cause the same reaction as ADS (ADS-M). PSCR is a little reactogenic. Immediate allergic reactions (including anaphylactic shock) are possible immediately after administration or several hours: early - on days 2-6 and distant - at week 2 and later (serum sickness syndrome). Given the possibility of shock and in persons with a negative skin test, for each vaccinated, observation is provided for 1 hour. Annual vaccinations against tetanus, conducted earlier scouts in the United States before going to camps, led to the development of brachial neuritis (the only consequence of "hyperimmunization"),