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Acute and chronic laryngitis
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx of any etiology.
Chronic edema-polypous laryngitis is often called polypoid hypertrophy, polypoid degeneration, polypous laryngitis, Reinke edema and Reinke-Gayek disease.
Chronic hyperplastic laryngitis is a chronic laryngitis characterized by diffuse hyperplasia of the mucous membrane of the larynx or limited hyperplasia in the form of nodules, mushroom-shaped elevations, folds or ridges.
Chronic edema-polyposis of laryngitis - polypoid hyperplasia of the vocal folds.
Abscessing or phlegmonous laryngitis is an acute laryngitis with the formation of an abscess, more often on the lingual surface of the epiglottis or on cherpalodnagortan folds; is manifested by severe pain during swallowing and phonation, radiating into the ear, increased body temperature, the presence of a dense infiltrate in the tissues of the larynx,
Chondroperichondritis of the larynx - acute or chronic inflammation of the cartilages of the larynx, i.e. Chondrite, in which the inflammatory process seizes the perichondrium and surrounding tissues.
ICD-10 code
- J04 Acute laryngitis and tracheitis.
- J04.0 Acute laryngitis.
- J04.2 Acute laryngotracheitis.
- J05 Acute obstructive laryngitis (croup) and epiglottitis.
- J05.0 Acute obstructive laryngitis (croup).
- J37 Chronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis.
- J37.0 Chronic laryngitis.
- J37.1 Chronic laryngotracheitis.
Causes of acute and chronic laryngitis
Acute laryngitis comparatively rarely develops as an independent disease and can be inflammatory and non-inflammatory in nature. Usually acute laryngitis is a symptom complex of ARVI (influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus infection), in which the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, and sometimes the lower respiratory tract (bronchi, lungs) is also involved in the inflammatory process. Measuring the place among the causes of acute laryngitis is respiratory viruses (up to 90% of cases), followed by bacterial (staphylococcus, streptococcus), chlamydia and fungal infections. Acute ziglotlotit, epiglottis abscess more often causes Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes. Causes of laryngitis - infection, external and internal trauma of the neck and larynx, including inhalation and foreign body, allergy, gasroesophageal reflux.
Symptoms of acute and chronic laryngitis
Symptoms of laryngitis are hoarseness, coughing and difficulty breathing. For acute forms is characterized by a sudden onset of the disease with a general good condition or with a slight malaise. Body temperature remains normal or increases to subfebrile digits for catarrhal acute laryngitis. Febrile temperature, as a rule, reflects the attachment of inflammation of the lower respiratory tract or the transition of the catarrh of the larynx to the phlegmonous. For infiltrative and abscessing forms of acute laryngitis, severe sore throat, swallowing, including fluid, marked intoxication, increasing symptoms of stenosis of the larynx are characteristic. The severity of clinical manifestations directly correlates with the severity of inflammatory changes. The general condition of the patient becomes severe. Perhaps the development of phlegmon all and mediastinitis, sepsis, abscessed pneumonia.
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Screening
To reveal the pathology of the ear, throat and nose, regular check-ups of the population should be performed regularly, and laryngoscopy for all patients with hoarseness.
Diagnosis of acute and chronic laryngitis
Patients with a catarrhal form of acute or chronic laryngitis do not need a special examination. Ballroom with acute abscessing, infiltrative and chronic laryngitis is performed by a comprehensive clinical examination. In addition, microbiological, mycological, histological studies are necessary; in a number of cases, diagnostics using PCR is used to identify the etiological factors of the disease.
Acute and chronic laryngitis - Diagnosis
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Treatment of acute and chronic laryngitis
Of great importance is the restriction of the voice load, while the whispering speech is prohibited. High local efficacy was demonstrated by the local anti-inflammatory, especially inhalation therapy. For this purpose, antibacterial, mucolytic, hormonal medicinal herbs and herbal preparations with anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect, as well as mineral water are used. A good effect is provided by the use of physiotherapy methods: 1% potassium iodide, hyaluronidase or calcium chloride electrophoresis on the larynx, therapeutic laser, microwaves, phonophoresis, including endolaryngeal, etc. With complicated abscessed and phlegmonous laryngitis, chondroperichondritis, hyperbaric oxygenation is possible.
Prevention of acute and chronic laryngitis
Prevention of the chronic inflammatory process of the larynx is also the timely treatment of acute laryngitis, gasroesophageal reflux disease, infectious diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, refusal to smoke, compliance with the vocal regimen.