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Acute and chronic laryngitis: causes and pathogenesis
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Causes of acute and chronic laryngitis
Acute laryngitis comparatively rarely develops as an independent disease and can be inflammatory and non-inflammatory in nature. Usually acute laryngitis is a symptom complex of ARVI (influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus infection), in which the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, and sometimes the lower respiratory tract (bronchi, lungs) is also involved in the inflammatory process. First place among the causes of acute laryngitis is respiratory viruses (up to 90% of cases), followed by bacterial (staphylococcus, streptococcus), chlamydia and fungal infections. Acute ziglotlotit, epiglottis abscess more often causes Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes. Causes of laryngitis - infection, external and internal trauma of the neck and larynx, including inhalation and foreign body, allergy, gasroesophageal reflux. Great importance is the voice load, especially with the use of a solid attack. Cerebral diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, nose and paranasal sinuses, metabolic disorders in diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or gastrointestinal tract diseases, chronic renal failure, pathology of the laryngeal segregation function, alcohol and tobacco abuse, and radiotherapy are contributing to the onset of inflammatory pathology of the larynx. Specific (secondary laryngitis develops in tuberculosis, syphilis, infectious (diphtheria) and systemic diseases (Wegener's granulomatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, polychondritis, etc.), as well as with blood diseases.The immune aspects of chronic inflammatory pathology of the larynx are not fully understood Discover violations of the immune system.
[Pathogenesis of acute and chronic laryngitis
In the pathogenesis of acute laryngeal edema and chronic edema-polyposis laryngitis, the anatomical features of the Reinke space play an important role. Significance has a violation of lymph drainage and the local full of metabolism. Swelling of the mucous membrane can occur and any part of the larynx and quickly spread to others, causing acute stenosis of the larynx.
Chronic hyperplastic laryngitis is characterized by hyperplasia of the epithelium of the laryngeal mucosa; the pathogenesis of the disease is unknown. For chronic laryngitis, a recurrent course is characteristic. They are considered precancerous diseases. The greatest likelihood of malignancy is in hyperplastic laryngitis accompanied by keratosis.