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Cefogram
Last reviewed: 03.07.2025
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Cefogram is a cephalosporin of the 3rd generation of antibiotics. It has a wide range of medicinal activity.
Indications Cefogram
It is used in the treatment of various pathologies of infectious and inflammatory origin, caused by the action of bacteria sensitive to ceftriaxone:
- sepsis with meningitis, and also cholangitis with peritonitis;
- lung abscess or pneumonia;
- empyema affecting the gallbladder, or pyothorax;
- dysentery;
- carriers of salmonellosis;
- pyelonephritis;
- burns or wounds infected with infection;
- infections developing in the genital area, joints and bones with soft tissues;
- prevention of infections after surgical procedures.
Release form
The product is sold in the form of a liquid for injection procedures, in glass bottles with a capacity of 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g. There is 1 such bottle inside a separate pack.
Pharmacodynamics
Cefogram is used for parenteral administration. It has a bactericidal effect, which develops by slowing down the binding of bacterial membrane cell mucopeptides at the mitosis stage.
The drug has a wide range of therapeutic action – it demonstrates activity against both gram-positive microbes and relatively gram-negative bacterial strains. At the same time, it is resistant to many β-lactamases.
Among the gram-positive microbes susceptible to drug action are: streptococci, which are included in categories A and B, as well as C and G, streptococci agalactiae, pyogenic streptococci, pneumococci and Streptococcus viridans, as well as epidermal or golden staphylococci.
Among the gram-negative bacteria are: hydrophilic Aeromonas, Bacillus subtilis, Borrelia burgdorferi and Morgan's bacillus. In addition, Citrobacter diversus, Clostridium perfringens, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Meningococcus and Gonococcus. These also include strains of Haemophilus and Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella, Eubacteria, Salmonella, Yersinia, Shigella and others.
Pharmacokinetics
The drug has nonlinear pharmacokinetic parameters - all properties that are based on the overall values of the drug (free ceftriaxone or the element synthesized with the protein), except for the half-life, depend on the portion size.
Absorption.
Peak plasma values when using 1000 mg of the drug are 81 mg/l, which takes 2-3 hours to reach. Single intravenous infusions (1000 or 2000 mg) after half an hour form concentrations of 168.1±28.2 and 256.9±16.8 mg/l, respectively. The level of bioavailability of the drug after an intramuscular injection is 100%.
Distribution processes.
The distribution volume of the drug is approximately 7-12 liters. After injection, the substance passes into the interstitial fluid at high speed, where its bactericidal level against sensitive bacteria is maintained for 24 hours.
When using 1000-2000 mg doses, the medicine penetrates well into various fluids and tissues. Over a period of over 24 hours, its values reach a level many times exceeding the minimum inhibitory values for many microbes that cause infections in 60+ fluids with tissues (including the heart, liver, bile ducts with lungs, bones, nasal mucosa, middle ear, prostate secretion, and in addition, synovium, cerebrospinal fluid and pleural fluid).
Ceftriaxone exhibits reverse synthesis with albumin (with the synthesis rate decreasing in accordance with the increase in drug values - for example, decreasing from 95% (plasma level below 0.1 g/l) to 85% (plasma level 0.3 g/l)). Low albumin values in tissue fluids lead to the formation of higher free substance values than in blood plasma.
The drug passes through the inflamed membranes of the brain in a child (in this group, newborns too). The Cmax level in the cerebrospinal fluid is noted after 4 hours from the moment of drug administration and is on average approximately 18 mg/l (if the dosage is 0.05-0.1 g/kg). In the case of bacterial meningitis, the average values of ceftriaxone in the cerebrospinal fluid are 17% of the plasma value; in the aseptic form of the disease, they are 4%. After 24 hours from the moment of drug administration in a dose of 0.05-0.1 g/kg, the ceftriaxone value in the cerebrospinal fluid is more than 1.4 mg/l.
In an adult with meningitis, when using a dose of 0.05 g/kg after 2-24 hours, indicators are observed in the cerebrospinal fluid that significantly exceed the minimum inhibitory values for the most common microbes that provoke the development of meningitis.
Ceftriaxone is able to pass through the placenta, and in addition, it enters into breast milk in small quantities (about 3-4% of the mother's plasma levels after 4-6 hours).
Exchange processes.
The drug is not subject to general metabolism, transforming into inactive decay products under the influence of intestinal microflora.
Excretion.
The overall drug clearance values are approximately 10-22 ml/minute. The renal clearance rate is 5-12 ml/minute. Approximately 50-60% of the unchanged substance is excreted by the kidneys, and another 40-50% is excreted in the bile. The half-life of ceftriaxone in adults is approximately 8 hours.
Dosing and administration
The scheme of using the medication is selected individually. Usually it is assumed to administer 1000-2000 mg of the drug (intravenously or intramuscularly) at intervals of 24 hours or 500-1000 mg at intervals of 12 hours.
Taking into account the nature of the disease, a single dose of 0.25 g (intramuscularly) may be prescribed.
Daily dose size of Cefogram:
- newborns – 0.02-0.05 g/kg;
- for children over 2 months and up to 12 years of age – 0.02-0.1 g/kg, administered once per day.
The duration of the therapy cycle is selected individually for each patient.
People with kidney problems need to select the dosage taking into account the CC indicators.
The maximum permissible dosage portions per day are 4000 mg (for adults) and 2000 mg (for children).
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Use Cefogram during pregnancy
Adequately controlled appropriate tests regarding the safety of Cefogram use during pregnancy have not been performed. Experimental tests involving animals have not revealed any embryotoxic or teratogenic effects of ceftriaxone.
The use of the medication during lactation or pregnancy is permitted only in situations where the probable benefit to the woman is more likely than the risk of negative consequences for the fetus.
Contraindications
The main contraindication is hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone or other cephalosporins. In case of intolerance to penicillins, allergic symptoms may develop.
Caution is required when used in people with severe kidney problems.
Side effects Cefogram
The use of the drug may cause the occurrence of certain side effects:
- problems with digestive activity: the appearance of nausea, diarrhea or vomiting, the development of hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice or pseudomembranous colitis, as well as a transient increase in the activity of liver transaminases;
- manifestations of allergy: itching or rashes on the epidermis, as well as eosinophilia. Angioedema is occasionally observed;
- disorders of hematopoietic function: prolonged use in large doses can lead to changes in peripheral blood values (development of thrombocyto-, leuko- or neutropenia, as well as hemolytic anemia);
- disorders of blood coagulation processes: development of hypoprothrombinemia;
- problems with urinary function: occurrence of tubulointerstitial nephritis;
- symptoms caused by chemotherapeutic influence: development of candidiasis;
- local signs: the appearance of phlebitis (intravenous injection) or pain at the site of the procedure (intramuscular injection).
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Overdose
Signs of poisoning: the appearance of convulsions, paresthesia, headaches and dizziness.
The drug has no antidote, so symptomatic treatments are prescribed.
Storage conditions
Cefogram should be kept in a dark and dry place, inaccessible to small children. Temperature values should not exceed 25ºС.
Shelf life
Cefogram is approved for use for 36 months from the date of release of the therapeutic agent.
Application for children
For newborns with hyperbilirubinemia (especially if they are premature), the drug can only be prescribed under strict medical supervision.
Analogues
The drug's analogues are Lendacin, as well as Ceftriaxone and Rocephin.
Attention!
To simplify the perception of information, this instruction for use of the drug "Cefogram" translated and presented in a special form on the basis of the official instructions for medical use of the drug. Before use read the annotation that came directly to medicines.
Description provided for informational purposes and is not a guide to self-healing. The need for this drug, the purpose of the treatment regimen, methods and dose of the drug is determined solely by the attending physician. Self-medication is dangerous for your health.