New publications
Preparations
Yodex
Yodex refers to the pharmacotherapeutic group of drugs that make up for iodine deficiency in the body. Other trade names (synonyms and generics) Yodex: Potassium iodide, Iodobalance, Iodine-Normil, Iodomarine, Mikroiodid, Iodum Vitrum, etc.
Indications Yodex
Yodex is used to prevent iodine deficiency, which leads to the development of hypothyroidism, diffuse euthyroid goiter, transient neonatal iodine deficiency hypothyroidism.
Also indications for the use of Yodex and its synonyms are:
- treatment of endemic goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) and other diseases associated with iodine deficiency in certain regions;
- warning of goitre recurrence after its medication;
- preparation for surgery to remove part of the thyroid gland;
- preventing the enlargement of the thyroid gland after resection;
- protection of the thyroid gland from exposure to radioactive radiation.
Pharmacodynamics
Contained in the preparation Yodex potassium iodide (potassium iodide) upon ingestion is concentrated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. There, under the influence of special enzymes (peroxidase and cytochrome oxidase), an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs with the release of iodine, so only molecular iodine is needed to produce thyroid hormones.
Further, iodine is captured by tyrosine amino acid molecules, and iodized tyrosine is transformed into monoiodothyrosine and diiodotyrosine, which precede homonas, from which the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine are obtained. These hormones accumulate inside the thyroid gland, as part of a specific thyroglobulin protein, and their release occurs by its proteolytic cleavage. In this case, the precursors of thyroxine and triiodothyronine lose iodine, and it returns to the process of synthesis of thyroid hormones.
Thus, the use of Yodex covers the need for iodine (1.5-2 mg per day) and ensures normal functioning of the thyroid gland.
Pharmacokinetics
After intake, Yodex is gradually absorbed into the digestive tract, while the bioavailability of the drug is almost 100%.
In addition to the thyroid gland, iodine enters the tissues of the stomach, salivary and mammary glands, and its concentration in the tissues is higher than in the blood plasma.
From the body, iodine is excreted by the kidneys (with urine), as well as by the mammary glands (with breast milk), and also through the sweat and salivary glands.
Use Yodex during pregnancy
Given that the need for iodine during pregnancy or lactation is increasing, the use of iodine and all preparations containing potassium iodide is possible, but only for the doctor's prescription and only with the strictest observance of the prescribed dosage.
The drug penetrates the placental barrier, enters the breast milk, and a dose violation can lead to a violation of the thyroid function in the fetus and the child (hypo- or hyperthyroidism).
Contraindications
Yodex is contraindicated for use with increased individual sensitivity to iodine, hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism), toxic thyroid adenoma (Plummer's disease), nodular (multinodular) goiter, diffuse toxic goiter (Bazedova disease), herpetiform dermatitis Dühring (chronic skin disease), hemorrhagic diathesis and pulmonary tuberculosis.
In hypothyroidism, not associated with iodine deficiency, Yodex should not be used.
Side effects Yodex
When observing the recommended dosage of preparations containing calcium iodide, side effects are quite rare. The most common of them: toxicoderma, erythroderma, edema of the nasal mucosa and rhinitis, discomfort in the stomach, Quincke's edema.
The rare and rare side effects of Yodex include diarrhea, increased heart rate, limb tremor, insomnia, hyperhidrosis (increased sweating), increased eosinophilia in the blood (eosinophilia), anaphylactic shock.
Dosing and administration
Method of use Yodex - oral, the drug should be taken regularly, once a day - after meals, drink the pill with water or milk. The daily dose of Yodex for the prevention of iodine deficiency in the body, as well as the recurrence of goitre growth: adults and children over 12 years of age - 1-2 mg, children under 12 years - 0.5-1 mg, pregnant and lactating women - 1.5-2 mg. Duration of the drug is determined individually, the usual course of prevention lasts from 6 months to a year.
The dose for the treatment of euthyroid goiter is: adults - 3-5 mg during the day, adolescents and children - 1-2 mg.
Overdose
Overdose of Yodex and all preparations with potassium iodide leads to a state of iodism, in which inflammation (aseptic) of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, salivary glands and paranasal sinuses is noted. Inflammation manifests itself in the form of: rhinitis, increased salivation and metal taste in the mouth, laryngitis, tracheitis, lacrimation and inflammation of the conjunctiva. In addition, there may be fever, weakness, intestinal disorders, rashes in the form of papules on the skin of the face and body.
In such situations, the use of iodine preparations is canceled, assigned to the inside of calcium chloride (10% solution), bromine preparations, etc.
In the elderly, prolonged intake of significant doses of YODEX (more than 3 mg per day) can cause hyperthyroidism.
Interactions with other drugs
The interaction of Yodex with other preparations containing iodine is a threat of its overabundance, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of thyreostatic (antithyroid) drugs (Betazina, Diiodotyrosine, Perchlorate potassium, etc.).
The use of thyroid hormone pituitary hormone promotes the accumulation of iodine in the thyroid gland. The intake of vitamins A, B2, B6, B9 and B12 improves the absorption of potassium iodide by the cells of the thyroid gland.
Potential development of hyperkalemia is possible with parallel administration of Yodex with other drugs that have potassium in their composition (for example, the diuretics Veroshpiron, Amilorid, Triamteren, etc.). With the simultaneous administration of iodine-containing drugs and lithium preparations, an increase in the thyroid gland is possible, and the use of pharmacological agents with plant alkaloids threatens the formation of insoluble compounds.